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Systematic review of the clinical effect of glucocorticoids on nonhematologic malignancy.

BackgroundGlucocorticoids are often used in the treatment of nonhematologic malignancy. This review summarizes the clinical evidence of the effect of glucocorticoid therapy on nonhematologic malignancy.MethodsA systematic review of clinical studies of glucocorticoid therapy in patients with nonhematologic malignancy was undertaken. Only studies having endpoints of tumor response or tumor control or survival were included. PubMed, EMBASE, the Cochrane Register/Databases, conference proceedings (ASCO, AACR, ASTRO/ASTR, ESMO, ECCO) and other resources were used. Data was extracted using a standar

'Bone Health-Across a Woman's Lifespan'.

Despite a high burden of osteoporosis and minimal trauma fractures worldwide, there is still a treatment gap in timely diagnosis and optimal treatment. There is also a lack of international consensus and guidelines on the management of bone fragility in premenopausal women. This review article provides an overview of the current understanding of factors impacting women's bone health across the adult lifespan, as well as dilemmas in the diagnosis, assessment and management of osteoporosis in premenopausal and postmenopausal women, premature ovarian insufficiency and bone health following breast

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… Contraception There is robust evidence for the detrimental effects of intramuscular medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA) on bone density and fracture risk [ 28 ]. … Hadji , “ The Impact of Depot Medroxyprogesterone Acetate on Fracture Risk: A Case‐Control Study From the UK ,” Osteoporosis International 28 , no. 1 ( 2017 ): 291 – 297 , 10.1007/s00198-016-3714-4 . 27461017 30 L. M. Lopez , D. A. Grimes , K. F. Schulz , K. M. Curtis , and M. …

Does Therapeutic Repurposing in Cancer Meet the Expectations of Having Drugs at a Lower Price?

Therapeutic repurposing emerged as an alternative to the traditional drug discovery and development model (DDD) of new molecular entities (NMEs). It was anticipated that by being faster, safer, and cheaper, the development would result in lower-cost drugs. As defined in this work, a repurposed cancer drug is one approved by a health regulatory authority against a non-cancer indication that then gains new approval for cancer. With this definition, only three drugs are repurposed for cancer: Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) vaccine (superficial bladder cancer, thalidomide [multiple myeloma], and p

Deciphering the role of PGRMC2 in the human endometrium during the menstrual cycle and in vitro decidualization using an in vitro approach.

STUDY QUESTION: What is the human endometrial non-classical progesterone receptor (PGR) membrane component 2 (PGRMC2) expression pattern throughout the menstrual cycle and what role does it play during decidualization? SUMMARY ANSWER: Endometrial PGRMC2 expression fluctuates during the human menstrual cycle and is abundantly expressed in human endometrial stromal cells (hEnSCs) during in vitro decidualization, process where PGRMC2 is involved in embryo implantation-related pathways. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY: The endometrial response to progesterone is mediated by the classical and non-classical

Interventions commonly available during pandemics for heavy menstrual bleeding: an overview of Cochrane Reviews.

BACKGROUND: Within the context of heavy menstrual bleeding, pandemics impact upon women's assessment and treatment by healthcare providers. … nolytics may increase self-reported improvement in menstrual bleeding when compared with long-cycle medroxyprogesterone acetate (RR 1.32, 95% CI 1.08 to 1.61; 1 RCT, 94 women; low-certainty evidence). Antifibrinolytics may be similar to long-cycle progestogens on quality of life (MD 5, 95% CI -2.49 to 12.49; 1 RCT, 90 women; low-certainty evidence). We are uncertain whether …

Cancer cachexia: mechanisms and clinical implications.

Cachexia is a multifactorial process of skeletal muscle and adipose tissue atrophy resulting in progressive weight loss. It is associated with poor quality of life, poor physical function, and poor prognosis in cancer patients. It involves multiple pathways: procachectic and proinflammatory signals from tumour cells, systemic inflammation in the host, and widespread metabolic changes (increased resting energy expenditure and alterations in metabolism of protein, fat, and carbohydrate). Whether it is primarily driven by the tumour or as a result of the host response to the tumour has yet to be

Long-term hormone therapy for perimenopausal and postmenopausal women.

BACKGROUND: Hormone therapy is widely provided to control menopausal symptoms and has been used for the management and prevention of cardiov … with an intact uterus compared combined continuous hormone therapy (conjugated equine oestrogen and medroxyprogesterone acetate) to placebo, and measured outcomes at an average of 5.6 years of follow-up. Based on this study, combined continuous hormone therapy probably makes little to no difference to the risk of a coronary event (RR 1.17, 95% CI 0.95 to 1.44; moderate-certa …

Progestogens for prevention of luteinising hormone (LH) surge in women undergoing controlled ovarian hyperstimulation as part of an assisted reproductive technology (ART) cycle.

BACKGROUND: Currently, gonadotrophin releasing hormone (GnRH) analogues are used to prevent premature ovulation in ART cycles. However, thei … and 534 oocyte donors). Progestogens versus GnRH antagonists We are very uncertain of the effect of medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) 10 mg compared with cetrorelix on the LBR in poor responders (odds ratio (OR) 1.25, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.73 to 2.13, one RCT, N = 340, very-low-certainty evidence), suggesting that if the chance of live birth following GnRH antagonis …

Long-term hormone therapy for perimenopausal and postmenopausal women.

BACKGROUND: Hormone therapy is widely provided to control menopausal symptoms and has been used for the management and prevention of cardiov … with an intact uterus compared combined continuous hormone therapy (conjugated equine oestrogen and medroxyprogesterone acetate) to placebo, and measured outcomes at an average of 5.6 years of follow-up. Based on this study, combined continuous hormone therapy probably makes little to no difference to the risk of a coronary event (RR 1.17, 95% CI 0.95 to 1.44; moderate-certa …

Where Do Bone-Targeted Agents RANK in Breast Cancer Treatment?

Breast cancer cells preferentially metastasise to the skeleton, owing, in part, to the fertile environment provided by bone. Increased bone turnover releases growth factors that promote tumour cell growth. In turn, tumour cells release factors that stimulate further bone turnover, resulting in a vicious cycle of metastasis growth and bone destruction. The RANK-RANK ligand (RANKL) pathway plays a key role in this cycle, and inhibition of RANKL using the fully-human monoclonal antibody denosumab, has demonstrated efficacy in delaying skeletal complications associated with bone metastases in thre

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… Hormonal stimulation (using a synthetic progesterone derivative, medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA)) markedly increased levels of RANKL in both the transgenic mice overexpressing RANK and the wild-type mice, and triggered epithelial cell proliferation [ 29 , 31 ]. … Tumour growth following the administration of the carcinogen 7,12-dimethylbenzanthracene (DMBA) and the progesterone derivative medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA), with and without concomitant treatment with the RANK inhibitor RANK-Fc, in ( A ) transgenic mice overexpressing RANK and ( B ) wild-type mice …

Cachexia as Evidence of the Mechanisms of Resistance and Tolerance during the Evolution of Cancer Disease.

During its evolution, cancer induces changes in patients' energy metabolism that strongly affect the overall clinical state and are responsible for cancer-related cachexia syndrome. To better understand the mechanisms underlying cachexia and its metabolic derangements, research efforts should focus on the events that are driven by the immune system activation during the evolution of neoplastic disease and on the phenomena of "resistance" and "tolerance" typically involved in the human body response against stress, pathogens, or cancer. Indeed, in the case where resistance is not able to elimin

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… Drugs Targeting Inflammation Approved drugs to treat cachexia include progestins (megestrol acetate and medroxyprogesterone acetate) for their ability to stimulate appetite and body weight demonstrated in several clinical trials [ 120 ]. … Cytokine activity in cancer-related anorexia/cachexia: Role of megestrol acetate and medroxyprogesterone acetate. Semin. Oncol. 1998;25:45–52. 52. Currie E., Schulze A., Zechner R., Walther T.C., Farese R.V., Jr. Cellular fatty acid metabolism and cancer. …

The future of NMR metabolomics in cancer therapy: towards personalizing treatment and developing targeted drugs?

There has been a recent shift in how cancers are defined, where tumors are no longer simply classified by their tissue origin, but also by their molecular characteristics. Furthermore, personalized medicine has become a popular term and it could start to play an important role in future medical care. However, today, a "one size fits all" approach is still the most common form of cancer treatment. In this mini-review paper, we report on the role of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) metabolomics in drug development and in personalized medicine. NMR spectroscopy has successfully been used to evalu

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… Figure 4 Scatter plots of unsupervised models (PCA) where every symbol represents one replicate. ( Top ) Untreated cells, showing grouping according to cell type ( Bottom ) cells post treatment of single agents Medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) and Bezafibrate (BEZ) and combined treatment, show grouping …

Cancer cachexia--pathophysiology and management.

About half of all cancer patients show a syndrome of cachexia, characterized by anorexia and loss of adipose tissue and skeletal muscle mass. Cachexia can have a profound impact on quality of life, symptom burden, and a patient's sense of dignity. It is a very serious complication, as weight loss during cancer treatment is associated with more chemotherapy-related side effects, fewer completed cycles of chemotherapy, and decreased survival rates. Numerous cytokines have been postulated to play a role in the etiology of cancer cachexia. Cytokines can elicit effects that mimic leptin signaling a

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… Progestins Megestrol acetate (MA) and medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) are synthetic, orally active progestational agents. … Mantovani G Maccio A Lai P Massa E Cytokine activity in cancer-related anorexia/cachexia: role of megestrol acetate and medroxyprogesterone acetate Semin Oncol 1998 25 45 52 9625383 14. …

British Association for Cancer Research 22nd Annual general meeting. 13-15 April 1981. Abstracts.

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… Medroxyprogesterone acetate for the treatment of metastatic and recurrent ovarian carcinoma. Cancer Treat Rep. 1977 Aug;61(5):913–914. Meares A. Meditation: a psychological approach to cancer treatment. Practitioner. 1979 Jan;222(1327):119–122. Millar J. L., McElwain T. J. …

Strategies to improve adherence and continuation of shorter-term hormonal methods of contraception.

BACKGROUND: Worldwide, hormonal contraceptives are among the most popular reversible contraceptives. Despite high perfect-use effectiveness … shorter-term hormonal methods of contraception (such as oral contraceptives (OCs), injectable depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA or Depo-Provera), intravaginal ring, or transdermal patch) with usual family planning care in reproductive age women seeking to avoid pregnancy. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: We used standard methodological procedures recommended by Cochrane. …

Гинекологическое здоровье женщин с множественным склерозом: обзор текущего состояния и результатов тестов Папаниколау в условиях низких доходов.

КОЛИЧЕСТВО: Женщины, имеющие MS (wMS), в частности женщины, находящиеся в условиях с низким уровнем дохода и подверженные воздействию гинекологической терапии (DMT), могут иметь особые проблемы, связанные с гинекологическим здоровьем. AIM: Оказание помощи в разработке политики и проведении дальнейших исследований путем описания нынешнего состояния гинекологического здоровья и результатов тестов Папаниколау в системе WwMS. МЕТОДЫ: Межсекциональное исследование wwMS, проживающее в Исфахане, Иран. Участники были обследованы и направлены для проведения теста Папаниколау, результаты которого были с

Efficacy and Effectiveness of Carnitine Supplementation for Cancer-Related Fatigue: A Systematic Literature Review and Meta-Analysis.

BackgroundCarnitine deficiency has been implicated as a potential pathway for cancer-related fatigue that could be treated with carnitine supplementation. The aim of this systematic literature review and meta-analysis was to evaluate the literature regarding the use of supplemental carnitine as a treatment for cancer-related fatigue.MethodsUsing the PRISMA guidelines, an electronic search of the Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL and reference lists was conducted. Data were extracted and independently assessed for quality using the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics evidence analysis by

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… Most studies used carnitine as a stand-alone intervention—however, three studies used carnitine as a co-intervention with antioxidant supplements (e.g., coenzyme Q10, alpha lipoic acid), nonsteroidal anti-inflammatories (e.g., celecoxib) and steroids (e.g., megestrol acetate and medroxyprogesterone acetate …

Hormone replacement therapy in women with cancer and risk of cancer-specific mortality and cardiovascular disease: a protocol for a cohort study from Scotland and Wales.

BackgroundHormone replacement therapy (HRT) is widely used and has proven benefits for women with menopausal symptoms. An increasing number of women with cancer experience menopausal symptoms but the safety of HRT use in women with cancer is unclear. There are particular concerns that HRT could accelerate cancer progression in women with cancer, and also that HRT could increase the risk of cardiovascular disease in such women. Therefore, our primary aim is to determine whether HRT use alters the risk of cancer-specific mortality in women with a range of common cancers. Our secondary objectives

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… We will capture both the route of administration (oral, transdermal, vaginal, injection or implant) and type of HRT including oestrogen-only (conjugated equine oestrogen and estradiol) and combined oestrogen with progestogen preparations (oestrogen with medroxyprogesterone acetate, dydrogesterone, norethisterone …

Cancer Risk Profile of the Levonorgestrel-Releasing Intrauterine Device: A Narrative Review.

Background/Objectives: The levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine device (LNG-IUD) is widely used as a long-acting reversible contraceptive and as a therapeutic option for heavy menstrual bleeding, endometriosis, adenomyosis, and endometrial hyperplasia. Although its predominant effect is local, systemic levonorgestrel exposure has raised questions regarding its potential influence on cancer risk. This review aims to summarise and critically appraise the available evidence on the association between LNG-IUD use and gynaecologic, breast, and selected non-gynaecologic malignancies (including colo

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… Progestogen addition with low-dose levonorgestrel intrauterine system in menopausal hormone treatment gives less normal breast tissue proliferation than oral norethisterone acetate or medroxyprogesterone acetate Horm. Mol. Biol. Clin. Investig. 2020 41 20190051 10.1515/hmbci-2019-0051 32735552 18. …

Primary plasma cell leukaemia in a 22-year-old woman: A case report.

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… Case presentation A 22-year-old female patient presented at a peripheral clinic in September 2012 with a history of heavy menses after receiving medroxyprogesterone acetate for contraceptive purposes in July 2012. …