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Serosurveillance and participatory disease surveillance of Peste des Petits Ruminants (PPR) in Georgia and Armenia in 2019-2020.

Peste des petits ruminants (PPR) is a severe viral disease of small ruminants, endemic in Asia, the Middle East, and Africa, and a WOAH and FAO target for eradication. In the last decade, PPR emerged in countries in the Caucasus and Europe. Georgia's first outbreak in 2016 led to multi-year vaccination campaigns in Georgia and neighbouring, PPR-free, Armenia. This was followed by serological surveillance campaigns in 2019-2020 in both countries. In addition, in 2019, participatory diseases surveillance including interviews and focus-group discussions were conducted in four provinces of Georgia…

First Report of Fascioliasis of Ruminants in the Kharaa River Basin and Identification of Snail Hosts in Mongolia.

Fascioliasis is a parasitic liver disease of mammals induced by liver flukes, Fasciola hepatica and Fasciola gigantica. Fasciola spp. rely on their definitive hosts, ruminants, and intermediate hosts, snails, to survive and can incidentally infect humans as definitive hosts. Ruminant (goat, sheep, and cattle) liver and fecal samples were collected from the Kharaa River Basin (KRB) of Mongolia during 2018-2020. A total of 807 adult liver flukes were found in livers of 18 goats, 21 sheep, and 1 cattle, with morphological identification of F. hepatica species. A total of 350 fecal samples selecte…

Prevalence and Associated Factors of Gastrointestinal Helminths Infection in Domestic Ruminants in and Around Gondar City, Northwest Ethiopia.

BACKGROUND: Gastrointestinal helminth (GIH) infections are major health problems that cause economic losses in Ethiopia; however, information on their prevalence and associated factors in domestic ruminants is limited in and around Gondar city, Northwest Ethiopia. OBJECTIVES: To estimate the prevalence, identify GIH based on egg morphology and assess its associated factors in domestic ruminants. METHODS: Cross-sectional study was conducted from December 2024 to June 2025. A total of 384 domestic ruminants were sampled using simple random sampling techniques. Faecal samples were collected fro…

Hemotropic mono- and coinfections in Colombian ruminants: descriptive occurrence and host-related factors associated with coinfection in cattle.

Hemotropic pathogens such as Anaplasma, Babesia, Mycoplasma, and Trypanosoma are endemic to cattle and can cause coinfections, complicating disease dynamics and control. However, the host-related factors influencing these infections under tropical conditions remain poorly understood. This study aimed to investigate the occurrence of hemotropic monoinfections and coinfections in ruminants tested for hemotropic pathogens and to identify host-related factors associated with coinfection in cattle under field conditions in Colombia. A total of 104 animals were included: 91 cattle, 10 buffaloes, and…

Molecular Prevalence and Genetic Diversity of Blastocystis sp. in Slaughtered Ruminants in Qazvin Province, Iran: A Zoonotic Concern.

BACKGROUND: Blastocystis sp. is a genetically diverse intestinal protist with global distribution in humans and animals. Despite increasing evidence of its zoonotic potential, data on its prevalence and subtype (ST) diversity in Iranian ruminants remain limited. This study aimed to investigate the molecular prevalence and ST distribution of Blastocystis sp. in cattle, sheep and goats in Qazvin Province, Iran. METHODS: A total of 142 faecal samples were collected from slaughterhouses in Abyek, Buin Zahra and Takestan counties in 2025, including 84 cattle, 26 sheep and 32 goats. Genomic DNA was…

Microbiota-Metabolite-Host Crosstalk Mediates the Impact of Dietary Energy Levels on Colonic Homeostasis in High-Altitude Ruminants.

The colon plays a crucial role in energy metabolism and intestinal health of ruminants during various physiological stages. Plateau ruminants have long been subjected to extreme environments characterized by hypoxia, cold, and nutritional scarcity, which makes their dependence on energy metabolism particularly pronounced. However, existing research on the regulatory effects of dietary energy levels on the colonic function of plateau ruminants is still quite limited. This study involved 60 healthy male Pamir yaks with consistent body conditions, which were randomly divided into three groups: a …

An Unusual Outbreak of Ochratoxicosis Associated with Trigonella foenum-graecum Ingestion in Ruminants from Different Farms of Sicily.

Trigonella foenum-graecum is a widely cultivated legume in Mediterranean regions, and it is used for human and animal consumption, as well as for medical purposes. High temperatures and abundant rainfall during the spring season in Sicily favor the formation of an environment suitable for the growth and proliferation of fungi with the production of mycotoxins. In this study, ochratoxin A, aflatoxin, deoxynivalenol, zearalenone, fumonisin, and T-2 toxin concentrations in Trigonella foenum-graecum were determined in feed administered to ruminants and also in blood samples from cattle and sheep i…

Molecular Prevalence and Phylogenetic Analysis of Theileria ovis and Theileria lestoquardi in Small Ruminants in Siirt Province, Türkiye.

BACKGROUND: Theileriosis is a haemoparasitic disease of domestic and wild ruminants, caused by Theileria species, transmitted by Ixodid tick species, particularly prevalent in tropical and subtropical regions. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of Theileria ovis and Theileria lestoquardi in sheep and goats in Siirt province using molecular methods and to analyse their evolutionary relationships with published sequences. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The animal material of the study consisted of 350 sheep and 350 goats in Siirt province and its districts. Blood samples were collected from…

Effect of injectable antioxidants on redox profile after Peste des petits ruminants (PPR) vaccination in Naïve goat kids.

Peste des petits ruminants (PPR) vaccination can induce oxidative and physiological stress in naïve goats, highlighting the need for supportive interventions to enhance post-vaccination resilience. The present study evaluated the effect of injectable immune modulators and antioxidants on the haematological, hormonal, and redox biomarkers in Rohilkhandi goats, a local registered goat breed of Uttar Pradesh, India, during Peste des petits ruminants (PPR) vaccination. Eighteen apparently healthy goats were divided into three groups (06 each): Control – vaccinated against PPR without supplementati…

First identification and molecular characterization of protozoan parasites associated with abortion in ruminants from South Sinai Governorate, Egypt.

This study presents the first molecular detection and characterization of protozoa associated with livestock abortion, including Toxoplasma gondii, Neospora caninum, Sarcocystis spp., and Microsporidia spp., in the South Sinai Governorate, Egypt. A total of 226 blood samples were collected from cattle, goats, and sheep with a history of abortion. Molecular analysis was conducted using PCR and sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of the rRNA gene. The results revealed the prevalence of T. gondii in cattle at 12.33% (9/73), while goats and sheep tested negative. In contrast

Helminthic Parasites in Slaughtered Small Ruminants in Qazvin Province, Iran: Implications for One Health and the Food Industry.

Helminthic parasites are a significant concern for the food industry because of their detrimental effects on livestock health and food safety. This study aimed to provide data on the prevalence of helminthic parasites in 2250 slaughtered small ruminants in Qazvin Province, Iran. The overall infection rate was 56.6%, with sheep (64.9%) exhibiting a higher prevalence compared with goats (41.9%). Cystic echinococcosis (CE) was the most frequently detected parasite, followed by Moniezia expansa and Cysticercus tenuicollis. This study revealed higher susceptibility to infections in male animals and…

Risk Factors Associated with the Seroprevalence of Leptospirosis in Small Ruminants from a Semi-Arid Region of Mexico.

Leptospirosis is one of the world's major neglected tropical zoonotic diseases (NTZDs), implicated in animal health and welfare with economic consequences for livestock production. This study aims to estimate the seroprevalence of Leptospira spp. and identify potential risk factors in small ruminant herds. This epidemiological cross-sectional study was conducted in Nuevo León, a semi-arid region of Mexico. A total of 389 blood samples from goats and 385 from sheep older than eight months were randomly collected from 128 herds. Anti-Leptospira antibodies were detected using the microscopic aggl

Meta-analysis and systematic review of the prevalence and risk factors of Cryptosporidium infection in ruminants in China.

Cryptosporidiosis, a zoonotic disease caused by Cryptosporidium, is a significant threat to both livestock and human health. In this study, … iarrhoea, and sampling year. Higher infection rates were observed in Northwestern China, in younger ruminants (<6 months for bovines and <3 months for ovines), in free-ranging ruminants, and in those with diarrhoea. Prevalence was also higher in studies conducted before 2004. These findings provide important epidemiological insights and highlight the need f …

Genomic insights into Shigella species isolated from small ruminants and manure in the North West Province, South Africa.

This study investigated Shigella species' antibiotic resistance patterns and genomic characteristics from small ruminants and manure collected in Potchefstroom, North West, South Africa. Whole genome sequencing was used to determine resistome profiles of Shigella flexneri isolates from small ruminants' manure and Shigella boydii from sheep faeces. Comparative genomics was employed on the South African 261 S. flexneri strains available from GenBank, including the sequenced strains in this study, by investigating the serovars, antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), and plasmid replicon types. The S…

First Molecular Identification of Calicophoron daubneyi (Dinnik, 1962) and Paramphistomum leydeni (Nasmark, 1937) in Wild Ruminants from Romania.

Rumen flukes are geographically widespread trematodes affecting wild and domestic ruminants. The juvenile forms, which are found in the small intestine, are more pathogenic compared to the adults. Severe diarrhoea and weight loss are the major clinical signs, and the disease might be fatal in severely infested individuals. In the last decade, paramphistomosis has been described as an emerging parasitic disease in Europe. This study aimed to identify the rumen fluke species in wild ruminants from western Romania. Fifty-two pre-stomachs obtained from roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) that were hunt…

Peste des Petits Ruminants (PPR) vaccine R&D investment: financial assessment of vaccine development and administration in India.

The present study assessed the financial viability of Peste des Petits Ruminants (PPR) vaccine Research & Development (R&D) investment in India and the Gross Technology Revenue (GTR) accrual to the different stakeholders. The Net Present Value (NPV), Internal Rate of Return (IRR) and Benefit Cost Ratio (BCR) of PPR vaccine development and administration were USD 16,326.6 million (INR 130,612 crore), USD 184,54.2 million (INR 147,633 crore) and USD 21,645.6 million (INR 173,164 crore); 162.2%, 167.6% and 169.7% and 43.3:1, 48.8:1 and 57.1:1, respectively under low, medium and high disease incid…

Prevalence of Neospora caninum and Toxoplasma gondii Antibodies and DNA in Raw Milk of Various Ruminants in Egypt.

The prevalence of Neospora caninum and Toxoplasma gondii antibodies in raw milk samples was estimated in different ruminants and Egyptian governorates. Of 13 bulk milk samples tested by ELISA, five (38.5%) were positive for antibodies to N. caninum, and two samples were additionally positive for antibodies to T. gondii, resulting in a seroprevalence of 15.4% for both T. gondii and co-infection. In individual milk samples (n = 171) from the same bulks, antibodies to N. caninum were detected in 25.7%, to T. gondii in 14%, and 3.5% had antibodies to both parasites. A strong correlation between th…

На двух рынках Яунде, Камерун, распространенность вируса лихорадки Рифт-Вэлли у местных червей различного происхождения.

Жар в долине Рифт (RVF) является эндемическим зоонозом, передаваемым через комары в Африке. В связи с тем, что о бремени или эпидемиологии вируса RVF (RVFV) в Камеруне известно мало, цель этого исследования заключалась в определении степени распространенности вируса RVFV у домашних червей различного происхождения на двух рынках Яунде, Камерун. МЕТОДОЛОГИЯ/ПРИНСИПАЛ ФИНИНИНГЫ: Было зарегистрировано происхождение животных, произвольно отобранных на двух рынках скота в Яунде, и были собраны пробы плазмы для конкурентоспособного и улавливаемого иммуносорбента (ЭЛИСА) для определения распространенн

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
BACKGROUND: Rift Valley fever (RVF) is a mosquito-borne zoonosis endemic in Africa. With little known of the burden or epidemiology of RVF virus (RVFV) in Cameroon, this study aimed to determine the seroprevalence of RVFV in domestic ruminants of various origins in two markets of Yaoundé, Cameroon. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: The origin of animals rando…

Molecular epidemiology of Coxiella Brunetii in small ruminants in Punjab, Pakistan: a novel reporting analytical cross sectional study.

Coxiella burnetii, an intracellular zoonotic bacterium, causes query (Q) fever in ruminants. Its role has never been elucidated in small ruminants from Pakistan. The current study is designed to (a) determine the prevalence of coxiellosis in small ruminants, (b) evaluate the association of various potential risk factors and biomarkers in the occurrence of Coxiella burnetii, (c) and determine phylogeny and genetic variability of its various isolates identified during the study. For this purpose, 320 blood samples from sheep (n = 160) and goats (n = 160) were collected from 9 Union Councils of d…

Are there phylogenetic differences in salivary tannin-binding proteins between browsers and grazers, and ruminants and hindgut fermenters?

While feeding, mammalian browsers (primarily eat woody plants) encounter secondary metabolites such as tannins. Browsers may bind these tannins using salivary proteins, whereas mammalian grazers (primarily eat grasses that generally lack tannins) likely would not. Ruminant browsers rechew their food (ruminate) to increase the effectiveness of digestion, which may make them more effective at binding tannins than nonruminants. Few studies have included a sufficient number of species to consider possible scaling with body mass or phylogenetic effects on salivary proteins. Controlling for phylogen…