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Controlled human infection with SARS-CoV-2 to study COVID-19 vaccines and treatments: bioethics in Utopia.

A number of papers have appeared recently arguing for the conclusion that it is ethically acceptable to infect healthy volunteers with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 as part of research projects aimed at developing COVID-19 vaccines or treatments. This position has also been endorsed in a statement by a working group for the WHO. The papers generally argue that controlled human infection (CHI) is ethically acceptable if (1) the risks to participants are low and therefore acceptable, (2) the scientific quality of the research is high, (3) the research has high social value, (4)

Contours of Life and Death: A Comparative Review of Western and East Asian Philosophical Conceptions, with Implications for Bioethics.

OBJECTIVES: Seronegative spondyloarthropathy (SpA) such as ankylosing spondylitis (AS) affects patients during their working years and may contribute to work disability (WD). We determined the prevalence of WD (not working due to illness) and limitations in work productivity in AS using surveys, including the Work Limitations Questionnaire (WLQ). METHODS: This cross sectional study consisted of 203 patients with SpA received a mailed questionnaire asking about work status, the WLQ, HAQ, BASDAI, BASFI, BAS-G and Functional Comorbidity Index. Relationships between WD, WLQ, demograghics and dise

A Matter of National Security: The Limitations of Contemporary Bioethical and Public Health Approaches for Addressing Enhanced Warfighters.

This piece argues that debates over enhancing warfighters must be reframed from a narrow focus on individual risk, consent, and long-term ca … ng the space for refusal, doubt, and independent moral judgment that consent procedures presuppose. Bioethics as a field likewise risks drifting toward the psychological burdens of combatants while sidelining the irreparable harms borne by civilians as the health consequences extend beyond soldiers. Civilian populations subjected to heightened military forc …

Parents' 'fault' must not weigh on their children. Surrogacy as a universal crime in Italy: Is it compatible with bioethical principles?

Assisted reproduction techniques (ARTs) have given rise to novel, non-traditional family models. Still, among the various applications and approaches of 'medically assisted procreation' (MAP), the most divisive one undoubtedly is 'gestational surrogacy' (GS), also in light of the rising number of couples who have chosen it over the past twenty years. Another major implication of ARTs is the creation of intentional (or intended) parenthood in addition to genetic one: the genetic parent's partner is thus defined as the intentional (or second) parent, who by free choice, shares the family project

Narrative methods for assessing "quality of life" in hand transplantation: five case studies with bioethical commentary.

Despite having paved the way for face, womb and penis transplants, hand transplantation today remains a small hybrid of reconstructive microsurgery and transplant immunology. An exceptionally limited patient population internationally (N < 200) complicates medical researchers' efforts to parse outcomes "objectively." Presumed functional and psychosocial benefits of gaining a transplant hand must be weighed in both patient decisions and bioethical discussions against the difficulty of adhering to post-transplant medications, the physical demands of hand transplant recovery on the patient, and t

The global forum on bioethics in research meeting, "ethics of research in pregnancy": emerging consensus themes and outputs.

Research during pregnancy is affected by multiple ethical challenges which have not received sufficient international attention and consideration from the bioethics, clinical, and policymaking communities working together. Unresolved ethical questions about research in pregnancy have significant detrimental impacts on maternal and newborn health, in part because they inhibit an evidence base being developed on the efficacy and safety of medicines and health interventions for pregnant women. These problems are compounded in low- and middle-income country (LMIC) settings due to variability in re…

Restoring a reputation: invoking the UNESCO Universal Declaration on Bioethics and Human Rights to bear on pharmaceutical pricing.

In public health, the issue of pharmaceutical pricing is a perennial problem. Recent high-profile examples, such as the September 2015 debac … e 2005 United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization's Universal Declaration on Bioethics and Human Rights (UDBHR) to establish implications regarding the societal responsibilities of pharmaceutical companies in a global context. To accomplish this, Article 14 of the UDBHR-social responsibility and health-will be articulated in order to …

Dignity reevaluated: A theological examination of human dignity and the role of the Church in bioethics and end-of-life care.

Predominant among the terminological ambiguities that plague contemporary bioethics is confusion attending the meaning of the term "human dignity," particularly as it applies to so-called end-of-life discussions. This study surveys current trends in treatment of the concept of dignity, examining relevant thinkers who see dignity as redundant or as capability-dependent. These inadequate views are contrasted with an attitude, based theologically in Mark 5, that understands human dignity to represent an absolute characteristic that is donated graciously to all bearers of imago Dei. Human dignity …

The use of bioethical decision-making framework in the ICU of a public Brazilian hospital: a retrospective observational case series.

BACKGROUND: End-of-life decisions in critically ill patients lacking decisional capacity are ethically challenging. Addressing patient values-such as autonomy, dignity, and comfort-provides a person-centered basis for care, yet systematic value assessment remains inconsistent. Structured family conferences guided by a bioethical framework may help align treatment with patient preferences. This study describes how often life-sustaining treatment (LST) modifications in a Brazilian ICU were aligned with documented patient values. METHODS: This retrospective observational case series reviewed ele

Low awareness of medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw among dentists: a systematic review with a medical and bioethical perspective.

INTRODUCTION: Medication-related osteonecrosis of the Jaw (MRONJ) is a serious adverse drug reaction that can seriously affect the quality of life of patients if not promptly diagnosed and treated. To date, preventive measures have been the most effective strategy for reducing the incidence of MRONJ. The role of dental practitioners in managing patients treated with Bone Modifying Agents (BMAs) varies across countries, with some healthcare systems providing a more structured approach than others. This systematic review aims to investigate the knowledge and awareness of MRONJ among dentists, in

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… The present systematic review aims to investigate the knowledge and awareness of MRONJ among dentists, and to offer an interpretation of the results from both a medical standpoint and a bioethics perspective. … An interprofessional course in bioethics: training for real-world dilemmas. J Interprof Care. 2009;23:574–85. 10.3109/13561820902921621. 63. Ruggiero SL, Dodson TB, Fantasia J, Goodday R, Aghaloo T, Mehrotra B, O’Ryan F. …

[Neuropsychological side effects of combined hormonal contraceptives for the treatment of mild symptoms. Bioethical assessment of its adequacy].

Since the beginning of the commercialization, in 1960, of combined estrogen-progestin hormonal contraceptives (CHCs), their use has become widespread for other non-contraceptive indications: dysmenorrhea, irregular cycle length, hypermenorrhea and acne, among others (Lete, 2009; Barranco, 2016). In all cases, these are mild pathologies or minor symptoms for which there are effective therapeutic alternatives. Millions of women in the world receive this treatment, which acts by inhibiting the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian hormonal axis (HHO Axis), the central axis and regulator of the entire se

Bioethical considerations of monoclonal B-cell lymphocytosis: donor transfer after haematopoietic stem cell transplantation.

Monoclonal B-cell lymphocytosis (MBL) is a recently described laboratory finding in otherwise healthy individuals. In MBL, a light chain-restricted, clonal B-cell population, often with a chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) phenotype, is identified by flow cytometry. Although the prognostic significance remains unclear, there is an increased incidence in ageing populations and those with a family history of CLL. During the past decade of MBL study, three families have come to our attention in which prospective sibling haematopoietic stem cell donors were found to have an MBL. These families ra

Bioethical catch-22: the moratorium on federal funding of fetal tissue transplantation research and the NIH revitalization amendments.

In 1988, a moratorium on the use of federal funds for fetal tissue transplantation research (FTTR) halted the promise of a cure for millions of Americans suffering from Parkinson's disease, diabetes, and other debilitating conditions. Since the moratorium began, private and international experimentation continues with mixed success. In the foreground, however, the debate rages over federal funding for fetal tissue transplantation from induced abortions into humans. In the House of Representatives and the Senate, the debate culminated with the passage of the National Institutes of Health (NIH)

How Gender-Sensitive Disaster Management is Addressed in the Turkish Parliament: A Qualitative Study from Feminist Bioethics Perspective.

BACKGROUND: The devastating earthquakes that struck Türkiye and Syria on February 6, 2023, caused significant destruction and loss of life, … is addressed in the Turkish parliament. Its secondary aim is to contribute to the scope of feminist bioethics. Thirdly, the study is expected to contribute to the ethics and policies of disaster management in Türkiye, a country prone to earthquakes, with a focus on the rights of women and vulnerable groups. METHODS: In the study, the transcripts of parliam …

Bioethics and medical oversight in multi-site observational neuroimaging studies with children and adolescents: 10 years of ABCD experience.

ABCD is an observational study of development and health from childhood through young adulthood. The ABCD Bioethics and Medical Oversight Advisory Group (BMO) has engaged in reviewing and advising the ABCD organization on ethical and clinical oversight issues from the initial planning of the study to the present. Anticipated ethical and clinical oversight issues included the confidentiality of participant substance use, identifying and reporting neuroanatomical anomalies, responding to imminent potential self-harm, and mandatory reporting of child maltreatment. Issues introduced by protocol up…

The Incarnate Clinic: Pope Leo XIV's Magnifica Humanitas, AI Optimization, and the Bioethics of Technological Colonialism in Philippine Healthcare.

Medical artificial intelligence is increasingly used in diagnostic support, risk prediction, disease surveillance, documentation, referral, and workflow management. This conceptual study examines its ethical integration into Philippine healthcare through Pope Leo XIV's Magnifica Humanitas, incarnational theology, Filipino relational ethics, postcolonial bioethics, and Catholic Social Teaching. Using integrative, concept-driven thematic analysis and theological-bioethical dialogue, the study develops three themes: the optimized body and incarnate human dignity; medical AI and technological colo…

Antimicrobial Resistance as a Global Public Health Challenge: Epidemiological Burden, Bioethical Dimensions and Emerging Therapeutic Strategies.

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a major global public health threat, compromising prevention and treatment of infectious diseases. This narrative review examines AMR as a multifactorial and transnational crisis through epidemiological, One Health, social and bioethical perspectives, and discusses emerging non-antibiotic preventive and therapeutic strategies. METHODS: PubMed and Scopus were searched using terms related to AMR, epidemiology, public health, surveillance, One Health, bioethics, equity and alternative therapies. Peer-reviewed medical and public health arti…

[End-of-life practices and advance directives: a bioethical analysis based on discussions in the Brazilian Federal Legislative Branch].

The Brazilian legislative debate on end-of-life practices involves ethical-axiological tensions related to euthanasia, assisted suicide, pal … ducted, guided by a hermeneutic-dialectical approach and grounded in contemporary frameworks of the bioethics of responsibility and everyday bioethics. A total of 193 federal legislative documents (1981-2020) were examined. The analysis yielded two thematic categories: (1) the palliative care framework: meanings and attributions, which reveals the legislati …