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The contribution of Cyprus to non-communicable diseases and biomedical research from 2002 to 2013: implications for evidence-based health policy.

BackgroundNon-communicable diseases (NCDs) are the leading causes of disease burden and mortality at the European level and in Cyprus. This … able in Cyprus, for potential evaluation of impact in health policy on the five NCDs.ResultsCypriot biomedical research output appeared appropriate in volume compared with its wealth and the expected value from a regression line for other European countries. However, it was focused particularly on the molecular mechanisms of transmittable or hereditary diseases, rath …

The innovative use of a large-scale industry biomedical consortium to research the genetic basis of drug induced serious adverse events.

The International Serious Adverse Event Consortium (SAEC) is a pharmaceutical industry and FDA led international (501 c3 non-profit) consortium, focused on identifying and validating DNA-variants useful in predicting the risk of drug induced, rare serious adverse events (SAEs). As such, it functions with the explicit purpose of enhancing the 'public good'. Its members are (i) organizations engaged principally in the business of discovering, developing and marketing pharmaceutical products, or (ii) a charitable, governmental, or other non-profit organization with an interest in researching the

Responsible innovation in multi-organ-on-a-chip research: A qualitative study of biomedical scientists' views on the value and development of models for obesity.

Obesity is a global health issue and risk factor for various diseases. Given its systemic nature, multi-organ-on-a-chip (MOC) models have been proposed to model human organ interactions in vitro. Obesity MOC models are still in an early stage of development. Early stakeholder engagement may provide insights into societal, scientific, and ethical aspects of obesity MOC models, and incorporating these dimensions can support their development and implementation. Therefore, we conducted an explorative qualitative study focusing on academic and industrial biomedical researchers' views on MOC models…

Cross-species transfer of viruses: implications for the use of viral vectors in biomedical research, gene therapy and as live-virus vaccines.

All living organisms are continuously exposed to a plethora of viruses. In general, viruses tend to be restricted to the natural host specie … tensified use of viruses and their genetically modified variants as viral gene transfer vectors for biomedical research, experimental gene therapy and for live-vector vaccines is a cause for concern. This review addresses a number of potential risk factors and their implications for activities with viral vectors from the perspective of cross-species transfer of virus …

[Consequences for public hospital of the law of December 20th 1988 (Huriet law), concerning the protection of persons used for biomedical researches].

Does the public hospital have the capability of harbouring this research? In any case, it is an important mission entrusted to it by the Huriet law. But even before the law has come into effect (the date of applicability was initially set for January 1st 1990, postponed until June 1st 1990, and then further pushed back to December 31st 1990 due to the lack of publication of corresponding application decrees), its text has prompted many questions and much debate among numerous health sectors. We are limited in the extent to which we may estimate, within the context of the public hospital, the s

Electronic Health Record-Based Algorithms May Improve Identification of Cases of Atypical Diabetes, Including in Groups Underrepresented in Biomedical Research.

PURPOSE: Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) is the clinical gold standard for areal bone mineral density (aBMD) assessment for the detection of osteoporosis. The advancement of photon-counting CT (PCCT) provides an opportunity to use spectral localizer radiographs (LRs) for opportunistic aBMD assessment. This study explored that feasibility. APPROACH: The study used a combination of virtual imaging trials (VITs) and physical phantom experiments. For the VIT experiment, a 50th percentile BMI patient model was conditioned to represent three bone health statuses (normal, osteopenic, and oste

Study designs for identifying risk compensation behavior among users of biomedical HIV prevention technologies: balancing methodological rigor and research ethics.

The growing evidence base for biomedical HIV prevention interventions - such as oral pre-exposure prophylaxis, microbicides, male circumcision, treatment as prevention, and eventually prevention vaccines - has given rise to concerns about the ways in which users of these biomedical products may adjust their HIV risk behaviors based on the perception that they are prevented from infection. Known as risk compensation, this behavioral adjustment draws on the theory of "risk homeostasis," which has previously been applied to phenomena as diverse as Lyme disease vaccination, insurance mandates, and

Improving the Care and Treatment of Monkeypox Patients in Low-Resource Settings: Applying Evidence from Contemporary Biomedical and Smallpox Biodefense Research.

Monkeypox is a smallpox-like illness that can be accompanied by a range of significant medical complications. To date there are no standard … pitulate the severe manifestations of illness seen with smallpox. Overall, these data-and data from biomedical research involving burns, superficial wounds, herpes, eczema vaccinatum, and so forth-suggest that MPX patients could benefit from clinical support to mitigate the consequences of compromised skin and mucosa. This should include prevention and treatment of s …

Bridging the divide between health economics and outcomes research and biomedical investment: reflections from a health economist working in venture capital.

Despite investors' pivotal role in shaping biomedical innovation, interaction between the investment community and health economics and outcomes research professionals remains limited. Both communities seek to understand what society values and how to allocate resources accordingly, yet these conversations occur largely in parallel. This perspective article, written from the viewpoint of a health economist who joined a major biomedical investment firm, seeks to bridge that divide. Drawing on first-hand observations across three domains - profits, incentives and societal value; coverage, pricin

Automated application of low energy electron irradiation enables inactivation of pathogen- and cell-containing liquids in biomedical research and production facilities.

Ionizing radiation is widely used to inactivate pathogens. It mainly acts by destroying nucleic acids but causes less damage to structural components like proteins. It is therefore highly suited for the sterilization of biological samples or the generation of inactivated vaccines. However, inactivation of viruses or bacteria requires relatively high doses and substantial amounts of radiation energy. Consequently, irradiation is restricted to shielded facilities-protecting personnel and the environment. We have previously shown that low energy electron irradiation (LEEI) has the same capacity t

Biomedical knowledge of dementia is not enough to counteract its stigma - quantitative research among future medical and social care staff in Poland.

OBJECTIVES: The aim is to assess the level of stigmatization and knowledge of dementia among university students of medical, rehabilitation and social faculties in Poland. Possible correlates of these concepts and group differences are also investigated. METHODS: We applied quantitative methods using an online questionnaire comprising sociodemographics, the Alzheimer's Disease Knowledge Scale, a vignette of a person with dementia and the modified Family Stigma in Alzheimer's Disease Scale. RESULTS: Students had low levels of dementia knowledge and moderate levels of stigma. Medical science s

Cluster Donation: How Future Healthcare Professionals Bound Certain Types of Tissues and Biomedical Research and How It Affects Their Willingness to Donate.

Although biomedical research requires cooperation with a large number of donors, its success also depends on the input of healthcare professionals who play a crucial role in promoting biomedical research and influencing an individual's decision to donate one's biospecimens that are left over after a medical procedure. This work was aimed at investigating the correlation between medical and healthcare students' willingness to donate a biospecimen, the type of tissues to be donated, and the type of biomedical research to be conducted. A population survey among medical and healthcare students enr…

Biomedical HIV Prevention Including Pre-exposure Prophylaxis and Opiate Agonist Therapy for Women Who Inject Drugs: State of Research and Future Directions.

Women who inject drugs (WWID) are at higher risk of HIV compared with their male counterparts as a result of multiple factors, including biological, behavioral, and sociostructural factors, yet comparatively little effort has been invested in testing and delivering prevention methods that directly target this group. In this article, we discuss the need for expanded prevention interventions for WWID, focusing on 2 safe, effective, and approved, yet underutilized biomedical prevention methods: opiate agonist therapy (OAT) and oral pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP). Although both interventions are

The Path to Screening US Newborns for Severe Combined Immunodeficiency, 1968-2018: A Narrative Review of a Successful Biomedical Research and Public Health Partnership.

BACKGROUND: Newborn screening for severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) represents an important advancement in public health genomics as the first DNA-based primary screening test in newborn screening programs. The story of how this process took place in the USA during the first two decades of the current century can provide useful lessons for the fields of newborn screening and public health genomics. SUMMARY: Newborn screening for SCID was officially recommended at the national level in the USA in 2010 and fully implemented by 2018. It was preceded by the development and evaluation of tre

Conference Proceedings - 6th International Conference on Molecular Diagnostics and Biomarker Discovery (MDBD 2022): Building Resilience in Biomedical Research : Penang, Malaysia. 11-13 October 2022.

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… Pharmacy, University College MAIWP International, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia Correspondence: Roshan Mascarenhas (roshan.mascarenhas@newcastle.edu.my) From The International Conference on Molecular Diagnostics & Biomarker Discovery 2022 (MDBD 2022) Penang, Malaysia. 11 – 13 October 2022 Background Biomedical … research heavily relies on the discoveries of natural compounds and thus it is very important to safeguard nature to build resilience in biomedical research. …

Cognitive Trajectories in Comorbid Dementia With Schizophrenia or Bipolar Disorder: The South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust Biomedical Research Centre (SLaM BRC) Case Register.

OBJECTIVES: We aimed to compare trajectories of cognitive performance in individuals diagnosed with dementia with and without severe mental illness (SMI). DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study. SETTING: We used data from a large longitudinal mental healthcare case register, the Clinical Record Interactive Search (CRIS), at the South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust (SLaM) which provides mental health services to four south London boroughs. PARTICIPANTS: Our sample (N = 4718) consisted of any individual who had a primary or secondary diagnosis of dementia from 2007 to 2018, was 50 years

Mapping multimorbidity in individuals with schizophrenia and bipolar disorders: evidence from the South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust Biomedical Research Centre (SLAM BRC) case register.

OBJECTIVES: The first aim of this study was to design and develop a valid and replicable strategy to extract physical health conditions from clinical notes which are common in mental health services. Then, we examined the prevalence of these conditions in individuals with severe mental illness (SMI) and compared their individual and combined prevalence in individuals with bipolar (BD) and schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSD). DESIGN: Observational study. SETTING: Secondary mental healthcare services from South London PARTICIPANTS: Our maximal sample comprised 17 500 individuals aged 15 yea

Changes in the incidence, cause and severity of cervical spinal cord injuries over the last 30 years and the implications for biomedical research - lessons learnt from the Tetragrip project.

The Tetragrip project to restore hand function for people with tetraplegia highlighted that participant recruitment was far more difficult than when we undertook similar work 25 years ago. Further investigation showed that over those 25 years people sustaining spinal cord injuries were older, their injuries were less severe and more likely to be as the result of a fall rather than a road traffic accident. This has major implications, not only for research, but also for clinical services.