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Cloacal Prolapse in Raptors: Review of 16 Cases.

Sixteen cases of cloacal prolapse in raptors were reviewed in this study. Colonic prolapse was the most common presentation (56% of cases). Red-tailed hawks ( Buteo jamaicensis ) were overrepresented, comprising 66% of colonic prolapse cases. In cases of colonic prolapse, postsurgical stricture formation was a commonly identified complication after resection and anastomosis of the colon. A novel technique was used in 2 cases of colonic prolapse, in which sterile, semirigid rubber tubing was placed in the distal colon and removed per-cloaca at the end of the procedure; this facilitated a secure…

Falcons From the United Arab Emirates Infected With Chlamydia psittaci/C abortus Intermediates Specified as Chlamydia buteonis by Polymerase Chain Reaction.

Chlamydiaceae are obligate intracellular bacteria with a broad host range. Several studies have found chlamydial species that are genetically intermediate between Chlamydia psittaci and Chlamydia abortus in various avian species. One of these intermediate Chlamydia species, found in a red-shouldered hawk (Buteo lineatus), was recently classified as a new species Chlamydia buteonis. This newly described Chlamydia species has, so far, only been reported in hawks exhibiting clinical signs of conjunctivitis, dyspnea, and diarrhea. In the present study, fecal samples of 5 gyrfalcons (Falco rusticol…

Quantitative and qualitative characteristics of blood cells in black-shouldered, Brahminy, and black kites.

BACKGROUND: Black-shouldered kites (BSK, Elanus caeruleus), Brahminy kites (BrK, Haliastur indus), and black kites (BK, Milvus migrans govinda) are medium-sized hawks found in Thailand, and little is known about the hematology of these three kite species. OBJECTIVE: This study reports basic hematologic values and describes the light microscopic, cytochemical, and ultrastructural characteristics of blood cells in these kites. METHODS: Blood samples were collected from 113 healthy kites (50 BSKs, 53 BrKs, and 10 BKs) from January 2012 to December 2017. Complete blood cell counts, cytochemical …

Sexual abuse and risky sexual behaviors among young female hawkers in Burkina Faso: a mixed method study.

BACKGROUND: Young street hawkers in Burkina Faso are increasingly exposed to workplace hazards such as physical and sexual abuse, and also unsafe sexual practices. The objectives of this study were to identify the socio-demographic status and work characteristics of young female hawkers, describe their sexual behavior and their experience with regards to sex-related violence at the workplace. METHODS: The study used a mixed design combining qualitative and quantitative methods. It was carried out in two traffic stations in Burkina Faso namely Bittou customs station and Boromo bus station. Fem

Egalitarianism boosts collective intelligence.

The target article by Stibbard Hawkes and von Rueden (SHVR) provides useful terminological housekeeping, but its individualistic account of egalitarianism in small-scale societies risks overlooking important group-level functions. We argue that egalitarian norms are not merely by-products of individual strategies but actively sustain cooperation, coordination, and collective decision-making, enhancing group stability and collective intelligence. A full account of egalitarianism must integrate both individual-level processes and emergent group-level outcomes. Egalitarianism not only constrains

Integrative taxonomy reveals two new species of Maritrema Nicoll, 1907 (Digenea: Microphallidae Ward, 1901), parasitizing birds in the Gulf of Mexico.

Members of the genus Maritrema Nicoll, 1907 include endoparasites of aquatic birds and mammals, distributed worldwide. Adult specimens were collected from the intestines of three bird species (the great black hawks, Buteogallus urubitinga Gmelin; laughing gull, Leucophaeus atricilla Linnaeus; and the willet, Tringa semipalmata Gmelin) in three localities along the Gulf of Mexico. Photogenophores were sequenced for the large subunit (LSU) from nuclear rDNA, and the new sequences were aligned with other microphalloid sequences available in GenBank. The maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference a…

Hlamidiaceae Genomics Reveals Inspeices Admixture и недавняя эволюция хламидийного аборта заражает нижние виды млекопитающих и людей.

Хламидиацеаи обязывают к внутриклеточным бактериям, которые вызывают разнообразие серьезных инфекций среди людей и скота в глобальном масштабе. Выявление новых видов с 1989 года и появление зоонотических инфекций, включая аборты среди женщин, подчеркивают необходимость последовательности генома множественных штаммов каждого вида для углубления наших знаний о эволюционной динамике на хламидиацее. Здесь мы секвенировали геном изолировали его от птичьего, низшего млекопитающего и человека. На основе фундаментальной генной филогении пять изолирующих веществ, ранее отнесенных к категории хламидийны

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
Chlamydiaceae are obligate intracellular bacteria that cause a diversity of severe infections among humans and livestock on a global scale. … species suggests that RTH belongs to a new species intermediary between C. psittaci and C. abortus. Hawks, as scavengers and predators, have extensive opportunities to acquire multiple species in their intestinal tract. This could facilitate transformation and homologous recombination with the potential for new species emergence. Our findings indicate t …

Alternative posology for brolucizumab: a 6-week loading regimen is as effective as a 4-week regimen for the treatment of nAMD.

BACKGROUND: Extending the dosing interval with the anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) brolucizumab in the loading phase may reduce treatment burden while maintaining functional and anatomical outcomes for patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration. METHODS: We integrated population pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) and quantitative system pharmacology (QSP) modelling approaches to evaluate the effect of brolucizumab 6 mg on central subfield thickness (CSFT) and best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) using an alternative reduced loading regimen (two or three admi

Lead Intraocular Foreign Body Injury Following Ejection.

BACKGROUND: Ejection injuries involving the eyes have become uncommon due to effective protection by helmets and visors. We report a unique case of intraocular lead foreign body injury occurring after ejection from a Hawk aircraft in a pilot who had his helmet and visor on.CASE REPORT: A 40-yr-old male pilot sustained facial injuries after ejection from a Hawk aircraft. He had multiple foreign bodies embedded in the skin around his jaw, corneal foreign bodies, and self-sealed corneal and lens entry in left eye, with one foreign body lodged within the lens and two in the vitreous behind the len

A RETROSPECTIVE SUMMARY OF RAPTOR MORTALITY IN ONTARIO, CANADA (1991-2014), INCLUDING THE EFFECTS OF WEST NILE VIRUS.

The causes of mortality of free-ranging raptors range from anthropogenic (e.g., trauma) to dynamic environmental conditions that may affect … infectious disease were significantly greater in summer and fall versus spring. Immature Red-tailed Hawks had significantly greater odds of being diagnosed with WNV compared to adults. These results reveal that human- and potentially environmentally-associated deaths (e.g., trauma and emaciation, respectively) are commonly diagnosed among Ontario raptor …

Patterns of parasite abundance and distribution in island populations of Galápagos endemic birds.

Parasite life-history characteristics, the environment, and host defenses determine variation in parasite population parameters across space and time. Parasite abundance and distribution have received little attention despite their pervasive effects on host populations and community dynamics. We used analyses of variance to estimate the variability of intensity, prevalence, and abundance of 4 species of lice (Insecta: Phthiraptera) infecting Galápagos doves and Galápagos hawks and 1 haemosporidian parasite (Haemosporida: Haemoproteidae) infecting the doves across island populations throughout …

West Nile virus in the Americas.

West Nile virus causes sporadic disease in the Eastern hemisphere that is often asymptomatic or mild, whereas in the Western hemisphere, Wes … estern birds. The long-term effects on common species such as corvids, sparrows, grackles, finches, hawks, and robins are still being debated. However the potential effect of West Nile virus on small populations or species with limited geographic distribution, such as Hawaiian avifauna, could be much more catastrophic.

Diethylcarbamazine (DEC) does not induce nitric oxide (NO) synthesis.

Diethylcarbamazine (DEC) was discovered in 1947 as a potent therapeutic agent in lymphatic filariasis and has been a mainstay of antifilarial therapy over the past five decades (R. I. Hewitt, et al., 1947, Journal of Laboratory and Clinical Medicine 32, 1304-1313). Several hundred million doses of this drug have been administered to people. Despite its widespread and successful use over this prolonged time scale, its mechanism of action remains obscure (R. M. Maizels and D. A. Denham, 1992, Parasitology 105 Suppl. 549-560). Numerous studies suggest that DEC has no direct effect on the parasite

Visual uncertainty and task demands shape active sensing strategies in mice.

In natural environments, animals actively sample visual information to guide their behavior. Sensory feedback is dynamic and often requires active movements, whether saccading across the lines of this page or walking through a park. From high-acuity vision in hawks to low-acuity vision in mice, many animals actively navigate to seek information, which can be called infotaxis. Although mice have relatively low-acuity vision, they still rely on sight for critical behaviors including navigation and prey capture. Yet how sensitive they are to visual information and whether they perform infotaxis h…

A Short Review of the Venoms and Toxins of Spider Wasps (Hymenoptera: Pompilidae).

Parasitoid wasps represent the plurality of venomous animals, but have received extremely little research in proportion to this taxonomic di … erve as food for the developing larva. The largest members of this family, especially the tarantula hawks of the genus Pepsis, have attained notoriety for their large size, dramatic coloration, long-term paralysis of their prey, and incredibly painful defensive stings. In this paper we review the existing research regarding the composition and function …

A new method for augmenting short time series, with application to pain events in sickle cell disease.

Researchers across different fields, including but not limited to ecology, biology, and healthcare, often face the challenge of sparse data. Such sparsity can lead to uncertainties, estimation difficulties, and potential biases in modeling. Here we introduce a novel data augmentation method that combines multiple sparse time series datasets when they share similar statistical properties, thereby improving parameter estimation and model selection reliability. We demonstrate the effectiveness of this approach through validation studies comparing Hawkes and Poisson processes, followed by applicat

Gravitational Pair Production and Black Hole Evaporation.

We present a new avenue to black hole evaporation using a heat-kernel approach analogous as for the Schwinger effect. Applying this method to an uncharged massless scalar field in a Schwarzschild spacetime, we show that spacetime curvature takes a similar role as the electric field strength in the Schwinger effect. We interpret our results as local pair production in a gravitational field and derive a radial production profile. The resulting emission peaks near the unstable photon orbit. Comparing the particle number and energy flux to the Hawking case, we find both effects to be of similar or

Clinical, pathological and virological aspects of fatal West Nile virus infections in ten free-ranging goshawks (Accipiter gentilis) in Germany.

West Nile virus (WNV), a zoonotic arbovirus, is a new epizootic disease in Germany and caused increasing avian and equine mortality since its first detection in 2018. The northern goshawk (Accipiter gentilis) is highly susceptible to fatal WNV disease and thus is considered as an indicator species for WNV emergence in European countries. Therefore, information regarding clinical presentation and pathological findings is important for identifying suspect cases and initiating further virological diagnostics. Between July and September 2019, ten free-ranging goshawks were admitted to the Small An…

The first clinical cases of Haemoproteus infection in a snowy owl (Bubo scandiacus) and a goshawk (Accipiter gentilis) at a zoo in the Republic of Korea.

This study reports two clinical cases of avian haemosporidian infection caused by a Haemoproteus sp., involving a snowy owl (Bubo scandiacus) and a goshawk (Accipiter gentilis), at a zoo. The snowy owl died after presenting with anorexia, depression and lethargy. A blood smear with Wright's staining confirmed Haemoproteus infection. Necropsy of the snowy owl revealed hypertrophy of the internal organs, including the liver, gallbladder, kidney and adrenal glands. The goshawk showed anorexia, depression and a lowered head position, and was diagnosed with a Haemoproteus infection based on a blood

Quantifying the control laws governing terminal attack in lions.

Intercepting an evasive, maneuvering target is among the most computationally demanding tasks a predator performs: in the terminal phase of … pursuit, which is a mixed guidance law previously identified only in the aerial pursuit of Harris's hawks (Parabuteo unicinctus), and speed is regulated within a defined kinematic envelope during turns, which declines at close range where the cost of overshooting is greatest. These findings reveal shared guidance principles across aerial and terrestrial …