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Influence of Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis virus on catecholamine metabolism in mouse CNS: early changes in turnover rates and content.

The influence of two strains of Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis virus on catecholamine metabolism in the central nervous system (CNS) of the mouse was studied by the intracranial inoculation of NMRI-IVIC mice, 24 days old. Doses of 300 LD50 of the moderately virulent Pixuna strain and 10(4) LD50 of the nonvirulent TC-83 strain were used. The animals were sacrificed 4, 7, 12, and 18 days after the inoculation, and the CNS contents of dopamine, norepinephrine, and adrenaline were determined by a radioenzymatic method. The turnover of these compounds was studied with the aid of the enzymatic …

[Damaging action of Venezuelan equine and Eastern equine encephalomyelitis viruses on the chromosome apparatus of mouse bone marrow cells].

Cytogenetical study of bone marrow cells of mice infected with pathogenic and attenuated strains of Venezuelan (VEE) and Eastern (EEE) equine encephalomyelitis viruses was carried out to elucidate the pattern of changes of the chromosomal apparatus in the infected animals, and differences in the effect of strains with different degree of pathogenicity on the cell during mitosis. It was shown that inoculation of mice with pathogenic and attenuated VEE and EEE virus strains led to the appearance in the bone marrow of a larger number of aberrant cells. Both VEE virus strain induced a significant …

In silico and in vivo studies reveal that Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus induces upregulation of miR-155-5p in the hippocampus.

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are perceived as master regulators of gene expression in the cells. Their involvement has been demonstrated in the etiopathogenesis of many neurological disorders, including central nervous system (CNS) infection, neuroinflammation, seizures and epilepsy. Here, we evaluated the role of miRNAs in the Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus (TMEV) model. Using in silico modeling, we indicated miRNAs potentially associated with the regulation of the largest number of differentially expressed (DE) genes in the TMEV model. Next, we developed TMEV model with a tissue collection a…

Suspected Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis Presenting With Persistent Vegetative State and Full Neurological Recovery in an Adult: A Case Study.

Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) is an autoimmune inflammatory disease of the central nervous system that typically presents with headache, fever, altered consciousness, and seizures. Diagnosis is made clinically and radiologically, supported by the exclusion of mimics. Delayed treatment can lead to severe neurological impairment, including a persistent vegetative state. A 69-year-old Asian female with rheumatic heart disease and prior transverse myelitis presented with hypoxic respiratory failure. On hospital day (HD) 4, she developed a rapid decline in mental status, progressing t…

Abnormal Expression of Suppressor of Cytokine Signalling (SOCS) Molecules Contributes to the Development of Multiple Sclerosis and Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis.

To regulate immune and inflammatory responses, suppressor of cytokine signalling (SOCS) proteins bind to multiple signalling components downstream of cytokine receptors, such as Janus kinase (JAK) and signal transducers and activators of transcription (STAT). Dysfunctional SOCS proteins in immune and tissue-resident cells may contribute to chronic inflammation. Abnormal expression of SOCS proteins, including SOCS1, SOCS2, SOCS3, SOCS5, SOCS6, and SOCS7, has been reported in multiple sclerosis (MS) and its animal model, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), playing a vital role in di…

Circulating FGF-21 as a Disease-Modifying Factor Associated with Distinct Symptoms and Cognitive Profiles in Myalgic Encephalomyelitis and Fibromyalgia.

Myalgic encephalomyelitis (ME) and fibromyalgia (FM) are overlapping syndromes characterized by persistent fatigue, cognitive difficulties, and post-exertional malaise (PEM), yet they lack objective biomarkers for diagnosis and treatment. Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF-21), a stress-responsive metabolic hormone, may offer a promising avenue to distinguish subtypes within these patient populations. In this cross-sectional study, plasma FGF-21 levels were measured in 250 patients (FM = 47; ME = 99; ME + FM = 104) and 54 healthy controls. Participants were categorized based on FGF-21 levels int…

Overexpression of endothelial β4 integrin has no impact on blood-brain barrier integrity or the pathogenesis of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis.

Laminin is a major component of the vascular basement membrane and transgenic mice deficient in astrocyte or pericyte laminin manifest blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption, implying an important stabilizing role for laminin in BBB integrity. As the laminin receptor α6β4 integrin is strongly induced on CNS blood vessels in the neuroinflammatory animal model experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), and mice deficient in endothelial β4 integrin (β4-EC-KO) display worse EAE, here we tested in a novel transgenic knock-in mouse, whether constitutive overexpression of endothelial β4 integrin …

Fatal West Nile Encephalomyelitis in a Young Woman with Hypoparathyroidism and Sjögren's Syndrome. Molecular Insights into Viral Neuro-Invasivity.

West Nile virus (WNV) is an arthropod-borne flavivirus first identified in 1937. Over time, WNV has spread globally and is now endemic in Italy. Although most human WNV infections are asymptomatic (80%), less than 1% progress to a neuroinvasive disease with high mortality rates. This case involves a 45-year-old woman with post-surgical hypoparathyroidism and Sjögren's syndrome who developed severe encephalomyelitis linked to WNV, leading to ventilator-associated pneumonia and death. Neuropathological findings revealed a bilaterally cribriform thalamus and reddish punctate lesions near the dent…

Синергический эффект мелатонина и кёркумина в деле улучшения экспериментального аутоиммунного энцефаломиелита: осмысление противовоспалительных, антиоксидантных и нейрозащитных механизмов.

В множестве склероза (MS) и его экспериментальной модели экспериментальный аутоиммунный энцефаломиэлит (EAE), воспаление клеток и окислительный стресс играют ключевую роль в патогенезе болезней. Мелатонин и кёркумин являются естественными соединениями, признанными в силу их нейрозащитных свойств. В ходе этого исследования был изучен их совокупный терапевтический потенциал в модели EAE. МЕТОДЫ: Тридцать женских мышей C57BL/6 были иммунизированы с помощью пептида MOG35-55, чтобы вызвать болезнь. Начиная с 10 дней после иммунизации мыши получали автомобиль, мелатонин, куркумин или комбинированное

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
BACKGROUND: In multiple sclerosis (MS) and its experimental model, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), cellular inflammation and oxidative stress play key roles in disease pathogenesis. Melatonin and curcumin are natural compounds recognized for their neuroprotective properties. This study investigated their combined therapeutic potential in the…

Бензойлацетонитрил как новый антивоспалительный соединение для смягчения микроглии и энцефалитогенной Т активации экспериментального аутоиммунного энцефаломиелита.

Множественный склероз (MS) — аутоиммунное расстройство, характеризующееся иммунной нейроинфламмацией и демиелинацией, вызванной иммунными клетками CNS, микроглией (MG) и патогенными клетками CNS. Экспериментальный аутоиммунный энцефаломиелит (EAE) — это животная модель MS, а активация MG и патогенная инфильтрация клеток Th1/TH17 отвечает за развитие и развитие EAE. Ранее мы продемонстрировали, что бензолацетонитрилы проявляли нейроиммуномодулическую активность, и определили соединение 7а (далее именуемое BTA) как многообещающий аналог. Здесь мы изучили вопрос о том, имеет ли БТА влияние на мод

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disorder and characterized by immune-mediated neuroinflammation and demyelination triggered by the CNS resident immune cells, microglia (MG), and CNS infiltrating pathogenic T cells. Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) is an animal model of MS, and MG activation and pathogenic Th1/Th17 cell infiltration is…

Mixed methods system for the assessment of post-exertional malaise in myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome: an exploratory study.

BACKGROUND: A central feature of myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) is post-exertional malaise (PEM), which is an acute worsening of symptoms after a physical, emotional and/or mental exertion. Dynamic measures of PEM have historically included scaled questionnaires, which have not been validated in ME/CFS. To enhance our understanding of PEM and how best to measure it, we conducted semistructured qualitative interviews (QIs) at the same intervals as visual analogue scale (VAS) measures after a cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET). METHODS: Ten ME/CFS and nine healthy…

BAFF blockade in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis reduces inflammation in the meninges and synaptic and neuronal loss in adjacent brain regions.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) has traditionally been viewed as a chronic inflammatory disease affecting the white matter of the central nervous system. However, over the past two decades, increasing evidence has highlighted the role of gray matter pathology in MS-related disability. Numerous studies have linked the presence of leptomeningeal inflammation to a more severe disease course, underscoring its potential importance as a driver of gray matter pathology in MS. The major components of leptomeningeal inflammation include T cells, B cells, macrophages, follicular dendritic cells, and plasma cell

Progressive encephalomyelitis with rigidity and myoclonus (PERM) associated with anti-glycine receptor antibodies and urothelial carcinoma: a case report.

BACKGROUND: Progressive encephalomyelitis with rigidity and myoclonus (PERM) is a rare neurological condition with paraneoplastic etiology in about 20% of cases, usually presenting before or shortly after the oncological diagnosis is established. PERM associated with anti-glycine receptor antibodies is not previously reported in a patient with bladder cancer. CASE PRESENTATION: A 72-years-old Caucasian male was admitted with acute onset of dysarthria, dysphagia and trismus three years after initial surgical treatment for bladder cancer. The condition was initially diagnosed as tetanus and tre…

Effect of Siponimod on Brain and Spinal Cord Imaging Markers of Neurodegeneration in the Theiler's Murine Encephalomyelitis Virus Model of Demyelination.

Siponimod (Sp) is a Sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) receptor modulator, and it suppresses S1P- mediated autoimmune lymphocyte transport and inflammation. Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus (TMEV) infection mouse model of multiple sclerosis (MS) exhibits inflammation-driven acute and chronic phases, spinal cord lesions, brain and spinal cord atrophy, and white matter injury. The objective of the study was to investigate whether Sp treatment could attenuate inflammation-induced pathology in the TMEV model by inhibiting microglial activation and preventing the atrophy of central nervous tissu…