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Micro and nanotechnologies: The little formulations that could.

The first publication of micro- and nanotechnology in medicine was in 1798 with the use of the Cowpox virus by Edward Jenner as an attenuated vaccine against Smallpox. Since then, there has been an explosion of micro- and nanotechnologies for medical applications. The breadth of these micro- and nanotechnologies is discussed in this piece, presenting the date of their first report and their latest progression (e.g., clinical trials, FDA approval). This includes successes such as the recent severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccines from Pfizer, Moderna, and Janssen (

mHealth-Supported Exercise Rehabilitation to Reverse Frailty After Autologous Transplantation in Multiple Myeloma: Randomized Controlled Trial.

BACKGROUND: Frailty is highly prevalent in survivors of multiple myeloma (MM) after autologous hematopoietic cell transplantation and is associated with poor functional recovery and adverse clinical outcomes. Although exercise is known to improve physical function, traditional center-based rehabilitation models are often inaccessible to this population during early posttransplant recovery. Mobile health (mHealth)-supported exercise may offer a scalable alternative; however, evidence in hematologic malignancies remains limited. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to evaluate the effects of a 16-week m

Dendrimer-doxorubicin conjugates exhibit improved anticancer activity and reduce doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity in a murine hepatocellular carcinoma model.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the 2nd leading cause of cancer-related deaths every year globally. The most common form of treatment, hepatic arterial infusion (HAI), involves the direct injection of doxorubicin (DOX) into the hepatic artery. It is plagued with limited therapeutic efficacy and the occurrence of severe toxicities (e.g. cardiotoxicity). We aim to improve the therapeutic index of DOX delivered via HAI by loading the drug onto generation 5 (G5) poly(amidoamine) (PAMAM) dendrimers targeted to hepatic cancer cells via N-acetylgalactosamine (NAcGal) ligands. DOX is attached to the

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… Qualitative visual assessment of the DOX group during treatment showed signs of unkempt fur, squinted eyes, and hunched posture within 1 week of beginning treatment. 100% of the free DOX group presented characteristics of palmar-plantar erythrodysesthesia (i.e. hand-foot syndrome), a common clinical … Pegylated liposomal doxorubicin-related palmar-plantar erythrodysesthesia (‘hand-foot’ syndrome) . Ann Oncol . 2007 ; 18 : 1159 – 1164 . doi: 10.1093/annonc/mdl477 17229768 10.1093/annonc/mdl477 54 Liu X , Wang X , Zhang X , Xie Y , Chen R , Chen H . …

Systematic review of patient-reported outcome item libraries in cancer research: an EORTC Quality of Life Group study.

BackgroundPatient-reported outcome (PRO) item libraries support flexible PRO assessment in cancer research by facilitating the development of customized item lists. However, little is known about the use of item lists in clinical research. This systematic review addresses this by assessing utilization of PRO item libraries and lists in oncology research.MethodsA systematic review of MEDLINE, Embase, and CINAHL identified cancer studies using PRO item libraries to develop item lists, regardless of study design, published between October 2021 and September 2025. Key features of item library usag

Anxiety in the Medically Ill: A Systematic Review of the Literature.

BackgroundAlthough anxiety is highly represented in the medically ill and its occurrence has relevant clinical implications, it often remains undetected and not properly treated. This systematic review aimed to report on anxiety, either symptom or disorder, in patients who suffer from a medical illness.MethodsEnglish-language papers reporting on anxiety in medically ill adults were evaluated. PubMed, PsycINFO, Web of Science, and Cochrane databases were systematically searched from inception to June 2021. Search term was "anxiety" combined using the Boolean "AND" operator with "medically ill/c

Case series: Odontohypophosphatasia or missed diagnosis of childhood/adult-onset hypophosphatasia? - Call for a long-term follow-up of premature loss of primary teeth.

IntroductionHypophosphatasia, a metabolic bone disease caused by a tissue-nonspecific alkaline phosphatase deficiency, leads to undermineralization of bone and/or teeth, impaired vitamin B6 metabolism, and a spectrum of disease presentation. At the mild end of the spectrum, it presents as pathologic fractures in later adulthood. Patients with isolated dental manifestations, typically presenting as premature loss of primary teeth, are classified as having odontohypophosphatasia (odontoHPP). A subset of patients diagnosed with odontoHPP in childhood can later develop extra-dental manifestations

Hereditary epidermolysis bullosa: clinical-epidemiological profile of 278 patients at a tertiary hospital in São Paulo, Brazil.

BACKGROUND: Epidermolysis bullosa (EB) is a group of rare hereditary diseases, characterized by fragility of the skin and mucous membranes. Epidemiological data on EB in Brazil are scarce. OBJECTIVES: To describe epidemiological aspects of patients with EB diagnosed in the Dermatology Department of a tertiary hospital, from 2000 to 2022. METHODS: An observational and retrospective study was conducted through the analysis of medical records. The evaluated data included clinical form, sex, family history, consanguinity, age at diagnosis, current age, time of follow-up, comorbidities, histopath

Clinical and biochemical characteristics for patients with polyneuropathy, organomegaly, endocrinopathy, M-protein, and skin changes syndrome: a pilot observational study.

BACKGROUND: Polyneuropathy, organomegaly, endocrinopathy, M-protein, and skin changes (POEMS) syndrome is rare life-threatening condition associated with a clonal plasma cell neoplasm. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to investigate the clinical and biochemical features in patients with POEMS syndrome before and post-therapy. METHODS: Characteristics of demographic information, underlying diseases, clinical manifestations, laboratory indicators, and imaging examination were retrospectively collected when diagnosed and post-therapy in the patients POEMS syndrome between 2018 and 2024. RES

The treatment landscape in thyroid cancer: a focus on cabozantinib.

Although patients with thyroid cancer generally fare well, there is a subset for which this is not necessarily true. Progress in understanding the molecular aberrations in thyroid cancer has led to a change in the management of these cases. Since 2011, four multikinase inhibitors (MKIs) have been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for thyroid cancer - cabozantinib and vandetanib for medullary thyroid cancer and sorafenib and lenvatinib for differentiated thyroid cancer. This change in the treatment landscape has raised challenges for practitioners who may not be familiar with the

Can medicinal mushrooms have prophylactic or therapeutic effect against COVID-19 and its pneumonic superinfection and complicating inflammation?

Medicinal mushrooms have documented effects against different diseases, including infections and inflammatory disorders. The related Basidiomycota Agaricus blazei Murill (AbM), Hericium erinaceus (HE), and Grifola frondosa (GF) have been shown to exert antimicrobial activity against viral agents, Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, and parasites in vitro and in vivo. Since the mechanism is immunomodulatory and not antibiotical, the mushrooms should be active against multi-drug resistant microbes as well. Moreover, since these Basidiomycota also have anti-inflammatory properties, they may

Inpatient Medicine

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The Radiologists' Guide to Spinal Separation Surgery: What Does the Surgeon Want to Know?

Spinal tumours are an uncommon but significant cause of pain, fractures, instability, and cord compression, leading to poor quality of life and mortality. Separation surgery is a rapidly advancing technique that has seen increased utilisation in the field of spinal oncology surgery. Separation surgery can be described as a resection technique that decompresses the spinal cord whilst creating an ablative target for high-dose stereotactic radiotherapy to achieve durable local control while minimising the risk of radiation myelopathy. This has facilitated the delivery of stereotactic radiotherapy

Доклад по делу: Нейрофильная световая цепочка в последующей деятельности в связи с прогрессивной многофукальной лейкоэнцефалопатией у пациента с множественным склерозом, который лечится окролисумабом.

Прогрессивная многофукальная лейкоэнцефалапатия (ПМЛ) является результатом возобновления вируса Джона Каннингема (JC) и представляет собой редкое осложнение наркотерапии против CD20. Нейрофильтрационные световые цепи все чаще служат в качестве маркера нейроаксональных повреждений при наблюдении за пациентами с множественным склерозом (MS), однако их роль в мониторинге и обнаружении таких процессов, как PML, еще не определена. Мы сообщаем о случае пациента с MS, который лечился острелизумабом и развивал PML. Результаты: Уровень световой цепи серой нейрофильтрации (SNFL) был повышен при диагност

Bone Research Society 2021 Abstracts

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Всемирный конгресс по болезням остеопороза, остеоартрита и мускулоскелета 2025).

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Insights into Endothelial Progenitor Cells: Origin, Classification, Potentials, and Prospects.

With the discovery of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) in the late 1990s, a paradigm shift in the concept of neoangiogenesis occurred. The identification of circulating EPCs in peripheral blood marked the beginning of a new era with enormous potential in the rapidly transforming regenerative field. Overwhelmed with the revelation, researchers across the globe focused on isolating, defining, and interpreting the role of EPCs in various physiological and pathological conditions. Consequently, controversies emerged regarding the isolation techniques and classification of EPCs. Nevertheless, th

Adverse events among older adults receiving chiropractic spinal manipulation and related treatments: an updated systematic review.

BACKGROUND: This systematic review updated adverse events (AEs) reporting in persons aged > 55 years who received chiropractic treatment, including spinal manipulation. METHODS: Protocol was registered prospectively with the Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO)(CRD42024629286). Search strategy was audited with Peer Review of Electronic Search Strategies (PRESS) methodology. We searched PubMed, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, CINAHL, AMED, and Index to Chiropractic Literature on December 12, 2025. We included AEs attributed to treatment provided by chiropractors

Leiomyosarcomas of the Great Saphenous Vein: Diagnostic and Therapeutic Strategies to Prevent Unplanned Excisions and Improve Oncologic, Functional, and Psychological Outcomes.

Background/objectivesThere are very few publications on unplanned excisions of great saphenous vein leiomyosarcomas (GSV-LMS), and their impact on the prognosis of the disease is not well known. The objective of this study is to present a series of nine new leiomyosarcomas of the great saphena vein (LMS-GSV) cases, with the aim of increasing diagnostic awareness and proposing guidelines for therapeutic management.MethodsThis is a prospective single-centre study of a series of nine GSV-LMS in thigh (stage IIIA AJCC), knee and proximal leg (IB, 1 II and 3 IIIA), and ankle (2 IIIB and 1 II). Eigh

Chronic dysimmune neuropathies: Beyond chronic demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy.

The spectrum of chronic dysimmune neuropathies has widened well beyond chronic demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (CIDP). Pure motor (multifocal motor neuropathy), sensorimotor with asymmetrical involvement (multifocal acquired demylinating sensory and motor neuropathy), exclusively distal sensory (distal acquired demyelinating sensory neuropathy) and very proximal sensory (chronic immune sensory polyradiculopathy) constitute the variants of CIDP. Correct diagnosis of these entities is of importance in terms of initiation of appropriate therapy as well as prognostication of these patients. T

Giant sacral chondrosarcoma in an elderly male : a case report.

UnlabelledPrimary sacral tumours are rare, therefore experience of managing their associated complications are very limited. Effective surgical treatment of pelvic chondrosarcoma remains a major challenge for orthopaedic surgeons, due to the complex anatomic structure of the pelvis, the lack of defined compartment borders, the close vicinity to vital structures, and the risk of jeopardizing pelvic structural stability. We report a rare case of a giant sacral chondrosarcoma (100cm x 80cm) in an elderly male who successfully underwent tumour resection with good functional outcome and recovery. L