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PS-SiZer map to investigate significant features of body-weight profile changes in HIV infected patients in the IeDEA Collaboration.

OBJECTIVES: We extend the method of Significant Zero Crossings of Derivatives (SiZer) to address within-subject correlations of repeatedly collected longitudinal biomarker data and the computational aspects of the methodology when analyzing massive biomarker databases. SiZer is a powerful visualization tool for exploring structures in curves by mapping areas where the first derivative is increasing, decreasing or does not change (plateau) thus exploring changes and normalization of biomarkers in the presence of therapy. METHODS: We propose a penalized spline SiZer (PS-SiZer) which can be expr

Dual-purpose production of genetically different chicken crossbreeds in Ethiopia. 1. Parent stocks' feed intake, body weight, and reproductive performance.

A total of 6 chicken parent stocks (PS) bred by European companies, and 1 local PS, were evaluated under Ethiopian condition for their reproductive performance, to be followed by testing dual-purpose performance of their crossbreed progeny. The imported PS were Lohmann Brown (LB), Lohmann Dual (LD), NOVOgen Brown (NB), NOVOgen Color (NC), Dominant Sussex (DS), and Dominant Red Barred (DR); Koekoek (KK) was obtained locally. They were reared in replicated floor-pens from 16 to 60 wk of age, and evaluated for feed intake, body weight (BW), egg production, fertility, and hatchability. In total, 1…

Cyclosporin population pharmacokinetics in pediatric refractory nephrotic syndrome based on real-world studies: Effects of body weight and spirolactone administration.

Different models of population pharmacokinetics (PPK) of cyclosporin have been established in various populations. However, the cyclosporin … nt model with first-order absorption and elimination was selected as the appropriate model in PRNS. Body weight (WT) and spirolactone intake were included as significant covariates for the apparent oral clearance (CL/F), and the WT was revealed to significantly influence the apparent volume of distribution (V/F). The final covariate models were as follows: CL …

Obesity, bone density relative to body weight and prevalent vertebral fracture at age 62 years: the Newcastle thousand families study.

UNLABELLED: Obesity increases the likelihood of prevalent vertebral fracture (VF) in men and women at age 62 years. The higher absolute bone mineral density (BMD) observed in obese individuals is disproportionate to body weight, and this may partly explain the greater prevalence of VF in this group. INTRODUCTION: Obesity is a global epidemic, and there remains uncertainty over the effect of obesity on skeletal health, particularly in the context of osteoporosis. The aim of this study was to investigate associations of body mass index (BMI) and obesity with BMD and prevalent VF in men and wome…

Associations among maternal pre-pregnancy body mass index, gestational weight gain and risk of autism in the Han Chinese population.

BACKGROUND: Autism is a neurodevelopmental disorder with an unclear etiology. Pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) and gestational weight gain (GWG) have been suggested to play a role in the etiology of autism. The current study explores the associations among maternal pre-pregnancy BMI, GWG and the risk of autism in the Han Chinese population. METHODS: Demographic information, a basic medical history and information regarding maternal pre-pregnancy and pregnancy conditions were collected from the parents of 705 Han Chinese children with autism and 2236 unrelated typically developing children.

FGF21 decreases body weight without reducing food intake or bone mineral density in high-fat fed obese rhesus macaque monkeys.

OBJECTIVE: Administration of FGF21 and FGF21 analogues reduce body weight; improve insulin sensitivity and dyslipidemia in animal models of obesity and in short term clinical trials. However potential adverse effects identified in mice have raised concerns for the development of FGF21 therapeutics. Therefore, this study was designed to address the actions of FGF21 on body weight, glucose and lipid metabolism and importantly its effects on bone mineral density (BMD), bone markers, and plasma cortisol in high-fat fed obese rhesus macaque monkeys. METHODS: Obese non-diabetic rhesus macaque monke…

Variability in Pediatric Ideal Body Weight Calculation: Implications for Lung-Protective Mechanical Ventilation Strategies in Pediatric Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome.

OBJECTIVES: No gold standard for ideal body weight determination in children exists. We aimed to compare four methods of ideal body weight calculation and determine level of agreement between methods and impact of measurement variance on tidal volumes prescribed in mechanically ventilated pediatric acute respiratory distress syndrome. DESIGN: Post hoc analysis of four multicenter pediatric acute respiratory distress syndrome studies. SETTING: Twenty-six academic PICUs. PATIENTS: Five hundred eighty-nine patients. INTERVENTIONS: None. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Ideal body weight was ca…

Effect of the Proprotein Convertase Subtilisin/Kexin Type 9 Inhibitor Evolocumab on Glycemia, Body Weight, and New-Onset Diabetes Mellitus.

Statin therapy modestly increases new-onset diabetes risk. The effect of proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 inhibition on new-onset diabetes, glycemia, and weight remains unclear. We studied the effects of the proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 inhibitor evolocumab on fasting plasma glucose, glycated hemoglobin, weight, and new-onset diabetes mellitus. We pooled 1-year (48-week) data for participants who had completed an evolocumab parent study before entering an open-label extension (OLE) trial. Data were available for 4,802 participants (1,602 on standard of care [SOC];

Role of body mass index in school-aged children with lower urinary tract dysfunction: Does weight classification predict treatment outcome?

INTRODUCTION: Lower urinary tract (LUT) dysfunction comprises a large percentage of pediatric urology referrals. Childhood obesity is a major health concern, and has been associated with voiding symptoms. We assessed the impact of body mass index (BMI) on treatment outcomes of children presenting with LUT or bladder-bowel dysfunction (BBD). STUDY DESIGN: Children aged 5-17 years diagnosed with non-neurogenic LUT dysfunction and no prior urologic diagnoses were identified. Patient demographics including BMI, lower urinary tract symptoms, constipation, medical and psychologic comorbidities, ima

Exogenous glucagon-like peptide-1 reduces body weight and cholecystokinin-8 enhances this reduction in diet-induced obese male rats.

The sites of action regulating meal size (MS) and intermeal interval (IMI) length by glucagon like peptide-1 (7-36) (GLP-1 (7-36)) and cholecystokinin-8 (CCK-8) reside in the areas supplied by the two major branches of the abdominal aorta, celiac and cranial mesenteric arteries. We hypothesized that infusing GLP-1 near those sites reduces body weight (BW) and adding CCK-8 to this infusion enhances the reduction. Here, we measured BW in diet-induced obese (DIO) male rats maintained and tested on normal rat chow and infused with saline, GLP-1 (0.5nmol/kg) and GLP-1+CCK-8 (0.5nmol/kg each) in the…

Age-dependent effects of chronic intermittent ethanol treatment: Gross motor behavior and body weight in aged, adult and adolescent rats.

The proportion of people in the population who are elderly is rapidly increasing. In addition, dangerous alcohol consumption in this demogra … injections every other day for 20days in aged, adult and adolescent male rats differentially alters body weight and impairs gross motor behavior as measured by the aerial righting reflex. The body weight of aged and adult rats were significantly decreased by chronic intermittent ethanol exposure while the body weight of adolescent rats was not impacted. In ad …

Effects of MetAP2 inhibition on hyperphagia and body weight in Prader-Willi syndrome: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.

AIMS: There are no treatments for the extreme hyperphagia and obesity in Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS). The bestPWS clinical trial assessed the efficacy, safety and tolerability of the methionine aminopeptidase 2 (MetAP2) inhibitor, beloranib. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Participants with PWS (12-65 years old) were randomly assigned (1:1:1) to biweekly placebo, 1.8 mg beloranib or 2.4 mg beloranib injection for 26 weeks at 15 US sites. Co-primary endpoints were the changes in hyperphagia [measured by Hyperphagia Questionnaire for Clinical Trials (HQ-CT); possible score 0-36] and weight by intention-

Ipragliflozin Improves Hepatic Steatosis in Obese Mice and Liver Dysfunction in Type 2 Diabetic Patients Irrespective of Body Weight Reduction.

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is associated with a high incidence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) related to obesity and insulin resistance. Currently, medical interventions for NAFLD have focused on diet control and exercise to reduce body weight, and there is a requirement for effective pharmacological therapies. Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors are oral antidiabetic drugs that promote the urinary excretion of glucose by blocking its reabsorption in renal proximal tubules. SGLT2 inhibitors lower blood glucose independent of insulin action and are expected to r…

Dietary supplementation with Lactobacillus plantarum dy-1 fermented barley suppresses body weight gain in high-fat diet-induced obese rats.

BACKGROUND: Cereal fermentations have shown significant potential in improvement and design of the nutritional quality and health effects of foods and ingredients. In the present study, the effect of supplementary Lactobacillus plantarum dy-1 fermented barley (LFB) on obesity in high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese rats was investigated. RESULTS: LFB treatment showed a lower rate of increase in body weight and percentage of body fat and a reversal of HFD-induced glucose intolerance, with ameliorated hyperinsulinemia, decreased levels of triglycerides and total cholesterol, and inhibited concentr…

Pregestational body mass index, gestational weight gain, and risks for adverse pregnancy outcomes among Taiwanese women: A retrospective cohort study.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the associations between maternal pregestational body mass index (BMI), gestational weight gain (GWG), and adverse pregnancy outcomes among Taiwanese women. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective cohort study was conducted among all singletons without fetal anomalies delivered to women at Taipei Chang Gung Memorial Hospital between 2009 and 2015. Two study cohorts were selected for analysis: all deliveries after 24 0/7 weeks of gestation (Cohort 1, n=12,064) and all live births after 37 0/7 weeks of gestation excluding maternal overt diabetes mellitus and chronic hyp

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and postmenopausal breast cancer: An evaluation of effect measure modification by body mass index and weight change.

BACKGROUND: Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) have been linked to breast cancer in many, but not all, previous studies. PAHs are lipophilic and stored in fat tissue, which we hypothesized may result in constant low-dose exposure to these carcinogens. No previous studies have evaluated whether obesity modifies associations between multiple measures of PAHs and breast cancer incidence. METHODS: This population-based study included 1,006 postmenopausal women with first primary in situ or invasive breast cancer and 990 age-frequency matched controls. To evaluate effect modification by obesi

Nonmedical prescription stimulant use for suppressing appetite and controlling body weight is uniquely associated with more severe eating disorder symptomatology.

OBJECTIVE: Nonmedical prescription stimulant use (NPS; i.e., use without a prescription or in ways other than prescribed) to suppress appetite or control weight appears to be associated with eating disorder (ED) symptomatology among college students. However, it remains unknown if this relationship is motive-specific and uniquely related to ED symptomatology. This research examined whether engaging in NPS specifically for appetite/weight-related purposes is associated with ED symptomatology and a unique indicator of more severe symptomatology. METHOD: A nonclinical sample of college students

Effect of body-weight suspension training versus treadmill training on gross motor abilities of children with spastic diplegic cerebral palsy.

BACKGROUND: Suspension training and treadmill training are commonly used for promoting functional gross motor skills in children with cerebral palsy. AIM: The aim of this study was to compare the effect of body-weight suspension training versus treadmill training on gross motor functional skills. DESIGN: Assessor-blinded, randomized, controlled intervention study. SETTING: Outpatient rehabilitation facility. POPULATION: Twenty children with spastic diplegia (7 boys and 13 girls) in the age ranged from 6 to 8 years old were randomly allocated into two equal groups. All children were assesse

The Effects of Prepregnancy Body Mass Index and Gestational Weight Gain on Fetal Macrosomia Among American Indian/Alaska Native Women.

OBJECTIVES: The American Indian/Alaska Native (AI/AN) population is a high-risk group across many health indicators, including fetal macrosomia. We aimed to investigate the effects of prepregnancy body mass index (BMI) and gestational weight gain (GWG) on macrosomia and explore possible racial and geographical variations among AI/AN women. METHODS: This retrospective cohort study was conducted from the Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System in eight states (2004-2011) among live, singleton, term births to AI/AN women 20 years or older. Prevalence of macrosomia (birth weight ≥ 4000 g) by

Weight Loss and Decrease of Body Mass Index during Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation Are Common Events with Limited Clinical Impact.

PurposeWeight loss in cancer patients has been attributed with significant morbidity and mortality. During allogeneic stem cell transplantation (SCT), oral nutrition is often hampered and hence total parenteral nutrition (TPN) is necessary. We therefore investigated the course of weight during stem cell transplantation and the clinical consequences of weight change.Methods180 consecutive patients who received allogeneic SCT between January 2010 and December 2011 at our center were analyzed for weight loss, laboratory and clinical parameters.ResultsDuring SCT, a median decrease of 6.6% of body

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… Categorization followed the definitions by DIMDI ( Deutsches Institut für Medizinische Dokumentation und Information [ 7 ]): E43: body weight was below 3 standard deviations of the age and sex-adjusted mean body weight of the normal population, E44.0: body weight was below 2 standard deviations of the … age and sex-adjusted mean body weight of the normal population, E44.1: body weight was below 1 standard deviations of the age and sex-adjusted mean body weight of the normal population. …