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Advances in gamete engineering, embryo technologies, and genetic preservation in domestic carnivores.

Domestic dogs (Canis lupus familiaris) and cats (Felis catus) possess unique reproductive physiologies that have historically limited the development and application of assisted reproductive technologies (ARTs). Major biological constraints include post-ovulatory oocyte maturation and prolonged oviductal residence in the dog, species-specific requirements for sperm capacitation and fertilization, and embryo developmental kinetics that require precise synchronization with the female reproductive tract. Consequently, progress in canine ARTs has been relatively slow, whereas the domestic cat has

DNA hydrogels in bone tissue engineering: where molecular ingenuity meets skeletal renaissance.

Bone tissue engineering is an emerging medical technology that utilizes scaffold materials to promote bone tissue regeneration and repair. Current scaffolds include biodegradable porous polymers, inorganic ceramics, and growth factors, but they face limitations such as difficulty in maintaining long-term biological activity in vivo and restricted applications. DNA hydrogels, composed of natural polymer chains and small molecules, exhibit excellent biocompatibility, biodegradability, bioactivity, high mechanical strength, and low toxicity. They have been applied in tissue repair, particularly i…

Enhancing cancer vaccine efficacy via electrostatic engineering of an FcγR-targeted protein.

BACKGROUND: Effective cancer vaccines require delivery platforms that can simultaneously enhance immune responses, maintain safety, and simplify the formulation process. This study aimed to develop a novel vaccine delivery system based on the Staphylococcus aureus-derived formyl peptide receptor-like 1 inhibitory protein (FLIPr), which naturally targets Fcγ receptors on antigen-presenting cells. METHODS: A recombinant variant, rF9R, was engineered by adding nine arginine residues to the C-terminus of FLIPr to facilitate electrostatic binding with anionic components. To optimize this interacti

Engineering oral commensal nanovaccines to activate mucosal-systemic immune cascades against tumor.

Mucosal immunity-the body's frontline defense, harboring 80% of the body's immune cells-represents a potent yet underexploited avenue for cancer vaccination. Here, we developed an oral biohybrid vaccine platform by integrating tumor antigen-loaded liposomes with fimbriae-enriched bacteria (Escherichia coli or VNP20009) through bacterial hitchhiking or membrane hybridization. These biohybrids promote mucosal antigen delivery via glycoprotein 2 (GP2)-mediated microfold-cell (M-cell) transcytosis, enhancing antigen cross-presentation and activation of a mucosa-periphery-tumor immune cascade. Bact

Engineering B cells to express fully customizable antibodies with enhanced Fc functions.

Genome editing within the constant region of the immunoglobulin Heavy chain locus (IGH) can reprogram B cells to express heavy-chain-only antibodies (HCAbs) containing custom antigen-recognition domains. HCAb-engineered cells express both surface B cell receptor (BCR) and secreted antibody isoforms and respond to antigen. Here, we extend this approach to also allow customization of the constant (Fc) domain of the Heavy chain by selecting alternate editing sites within IGH, producing HCAbs with enhanced effector functions or containing mutations to extend antibody half-life. We also introduced

Local electrostatics governs tryptophan oxidation and enables rational stability engineering in antibodies.

Oxidation of tryptophan (Trp) residues in therapeutic antibody complementarity-determining regions (CDRs) can impair binding affinity, stabi … electrostatics as a predictive, tunable, and mechanistically grounded handle for rational antibody engineering, and provide a practical framework for simultaneously optimizing oxidation stability and antigen-binding function.

Broad Neutralizing Antibodies Against SARS-CoV-2: Current Progress and Engineering Strategies.

The high-frequency mutation characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 have posed formidable challenges to the development of vaccines and therapeutic ag … search on nanobodies, antibody cocktails, multi-specific antibodies, and other antibody formats and engineering approaches, including artificial intelligence-enabled optimization. Each antibody-based strategy targeting SARS-CoV-2 has its own distinctive advantages and potential applications, providing an integrated perspective to support the continued develop …

Supramolecular Engineering of Melamine-Barbiturate Assemblies for Polyphenol Encapsulation and Antioxidant Delivery.

Supramolecular assemblies of melamine-barbituric acid (Mel-BA) were engineered for the controlled encapsulation of polyphenols, as exemplified by epicatechin (EC). Quantum chemical (DFT) calculations verified the thermodynamic viability of incorporation, although steric and geometric constraints introduced structural defects. EC displayed a binding affinity for Mel-BA higher than that of gallic acid, facilitated by its additional aromatic rings. Encapsulation modulated particle morphology, yielding spherical Mel-BA-GT particles (∼10 μm) and larger, nonspherical Mel-BA-EC assemblies (∼15 μm). T

Естественные и синтетические АМП из Латинской Америки по всему спектру технологий и приложений в области разнообразия.

Биоразнообразие в Латинской Америке примерно 60% в целом по миру, подпитывая научные исследования в области природных продуктов, весьма значимой области открытия наркотиков по сей день. Это сопровождается увеличением числа антимикробных пептидов (АМП), полученных из натуральных продуктов в регионе, которые за последнее десятилетие были переработаны путем модификации, усовершенствования и уточнения их физико-химических свойств и антимикробной эффективности с использованием подходов, которые варьируются от изучения рациональной конструкции и соотношения структуры-активности (САР) до методов иску

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
Latin America's biodiversity accounts for approximately 60% of the world's total, fueling scientific research into natural products, a highl … highlights the need to assess the region's progress in keeping pace with the recent advancements in engineering AMPs to combat resistant bacteria. This mini-review addresses these topics and related issues, exploring Latin America's discoveries, challenges, and innovations in AMPs and their applications, particularly in anti-infective agents.

Systematic Engineering of Loss-of-Function Alleles in the Zebrafish Mitochondrial Proteome.

Pathogenic variants in the 13 protein-coding genes of the mitochondrial genome underlie clinically and biochemically heterogeneous disorders. Most mtDNA-encoded genes lack defined loss-of-function (LOF) models in vivo. To address this gap, we have generated Z-Terminator, a systematic in vivo atlas of loss-of-function alleles covering all the mtDNA-encoded OXPHOS subunits in zebrafish (Danio rerio). We used mitochondrial TALE base editors to introduce premature termination codon (PTC) alleles via C-to-T transitions across Complexes I, III, IV, and V. Larvae harboring PTC alleles displayed bioen

Simultaneous synthesis of resveratrol by dual-compartment metabolic engineering in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Resveratrol, a plant-derived polyphenolic compound, is widely used in medicine, health care, and nutrition. Synthetic biologyenables the microbial synthesis of resveratrol as apromising alternative to traditional plant extraction. However, an insufficient precursor supply remains a critical bottleneck limiting the overall yield. Here, for the first time, a dual-compartment engineering strategy was developed to simultaneously synthesize resveratrol in the peroxisomes and cytoplasm of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and to increase resveratrol synthesis in the presence of a sufficient supply of precurs…

Metabolic engineering of Saccharomyces cerevisiae for the biosynthesis of indole-derived compounds.

Indole-3-acetonitrile (IAN) and its derivatives-indole-3-carboxaldehyde (I3A), indole-3-carboxylic acid (I3CA), and 3,3'-diindolylmethane (DIM)-are high-value indole-derived compounds widely used in the chemical, pharmaceutical, and nutraceutical industries. However, their de novo microbial production has not yet been achieved. In this study, we constructed a Saccharomyces cerevisiae platform for the de novo biosynthesis of IAN and its downstream derivatives. Reconstruction and optimization of the native plant pathway enabled production of 189.02 mg/l IAN from glucose, and the pathway was subs

Advances in Fc-based Biotherapeutics: Fusion Proteins, Engineering, and Emerging Conjugation Strategies.

Once considered primarily a structural component of antibodies, the fragment crystallizable (Fc) domain of immunoglobulin G (IgG) has emerged as a versatile platform in modern biotherapeutic design. A principal factor underlying this transition is the interaction of the Fc domain with the neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn), which enables pH-dependent recycling and extends circulation time. This property has made Fc-based approaches especially useful for improving pharmacokinetics. In this mini-review, we examine recent developments in the medicinal chemistry of Fc-fusion proteins and Fc-derived const

Cell surface engineering via self-assembly DNA networks for cell behavior control.

Synthesis of the extracellular matrix provides a novel opportunity to cell behavior control. However, exploration of the application of nucleic acid materials for cell surface engineering to achieve physical regulation of migration remains relatively limited. In this study, a self-assembled DNA network anchored to the cell membrane was constructed as a synthetic matrix mimic, which has been shown to inhibit cancer cell migration and invasion through physical confinement. The DNA network forms a dense and uniform engineering on the surface of tumor cells through a process of self-assembly. This…

Mesoporous engineering of metal-phenolic artificial enzymes for enhanced oxidative stress mitigation.

Catalytic antioxidant materials are crucial in medical research, yet current research efforts focus mainly on coordination environments whil … ters and maximizing the accessible surface area. The pore confinement achieved by intermediate pore engineering inhibits the densification of active centers and enhances the hydrogen atom transfer and electron transfer processes. Notably, mPDA-Cu with a mesoporous structure displays superior catalase-like (CAT-like) activity, efficiently decomposing H2O2, whi …

Enhancing chloride evolution kinetics on Fe-Co3O4 by engineering spin state transitions.

The chlorine evolution reaction (CER) is pivotal for advancing the chlor-alkali industry, which is limited by the sluggish kinetics. Transition metal catalysts offer highly tunable electronic structures, where regulating the spin state of metal centers is crucial but challenging for enhancing CER performance. Herein, Fe-doped spinel oxides (Fe-Co3O4) were synthesized via a simple sol-gel method. The strategic incorporation of Fe ions introduces geometric confinement, which modulates octahedral distortion at the surface and thereby regulating the spin state of Co centers, ultimately optimizing

Structure-Activity Relationships and Rational Engineering of Plant Defense and Toxic Peptides.

Plant-derived peptides represent a rich source of structurally diverse and biologically potent scaffolds, characterized by high stability an … de variable regions that contribute to functional diversity. We further explore rational design and engineering strategies, including loop grafting, cyclization, charge modulation, and backbone stabilization, supported by selected case studies demonstrating improved pharmacological profiles, membrane interactions, and target specificity. Building on these ins …

Engineering amino acid-derived Au(III) macrocycles as bioactive chemical biology agents.

Macrocyclic scaffolds have become increasingly important in modern drug discovery owing to their structural preorganization, favorable pharm … ty. These findings identify amino acid-derived bisphosphine macrocycles as a versatile platform for engineering the redox behavior of gold complexes and establish biologically inspired ligand design as a promising strategy for the development of next-generation gold-based anticancer therapeutics.

Protein engineering of formolase for the synthesis of 1,3-dihydroxyacetone from formaldehyde.

Formaldehyde is an attractive one-carbon building block for sustainable biomanufacturing, but efficient conversion of formaldehyde into higher-value chemicals remains challenging. Formolases, a class of engineered thiamine pyrophosphate-dependent enzymes, catalyze the condensation of formaldehyde to produce glycolaldehyde or 1,3-dihydroxyacetone (DHA), yet their catalytic performance is often insufficient for practical application. This chapter presents a workflow for engineering a benzoylformate decarboxylase (BFD)-derived formolase through a channel-modulating helix strategy. The protocol co…

Engineering of Surface Display Systems in E. coli for Recombinant Protein Production.

Isolation of various groups of protein preparations is a crucial task in many areas of biochemical research. Creating an effective, simple and economically feasible system for recombinant protein production is highly valuable for both basic research and applied biotechnology. Most laboratory studies focus on bacterial systems for heterologous gene expression. However, such systems can encounter major difficulties with target proteins that have specific properties. Some proteins can aggregate, form insoluble inclusion bodies or undergo proteolytic cleavage during overproduction. Moreover, they