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Situating commercialization of assisted reproduction in its socio-political context: a critical interpretive synthesis.

BACKGROUND: In many countries, ART service provision is a commercial enterprise. This has benefits, for example, creating efficiencies and e … ites for grey literature, carried out reference chaining and searched key journals (including Human Reproduction, Fertility and Sterility). The terms used to guide these searches were 'assisted reproductive technology' OR 'in vitro fertilization' AND 'commerce' OR 'commercialisation' OR 'industry' OR 'market'. The search was limited to the English language and …

A comparison of assisted human reproduction (AHR) regulation in Ireland with other developed countries.

BACKGROUND: Assisted human reproduction (AHR) treatment is not regulated in Ireland although it has been practiced since 1987. Thus, Ireland is one of the only European countries without any form of AHR specific regulation. This literature review research aimed to provide a comprehensive and comparative overview of AHR regulation and any associated literature to compare Ireland and other developed countries. METHODS: Systematic searches were conducted in several databases (Google Scholar, Web of Science, MEDLINE, SCOPUS and official government websites) utilising search strings in relation to…

Consequences of artificial light at night on behavior, reproduction, and development of Lymnaea stagnalis.

Light is an important zeitgeber that regulates many behavioral and physiological processes in animals. These processes may become disturbed due to the changes in natural patterns of light and dark via the introduction of artificial light at night (ALAN). The present study was designed to determine the effect of possible consequences of ALAN on reproduction, hatching success, developmental success, growth rate, feeding rate, mortality rate, and locomotor activity of the simultaneous hermaphrodite pond snail Lymnaea stagnalis. Snails were exposed to different light intensities at night that simu…

Sexual Reproduction in Zoanthus kuroshio and Isaurus tuberculatus (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Zoanthidae) in Southern Japan.

Among family Zoanthidae (Anthozoa: Hexacorallia: Zoantharia), Zoanthus and Isaurus are widespread benthos on coral reefs, but the reproductive biology of both genera is generally unknown. Accordingly, sexual reproduction of two Zoanthidae species in Japan, Zoanthus kuroshio in Okinawa, and Isaurus tuberculatus in Okinawa and Kochi, was investigated by annual sampling. Between 2012 and 2013, polyps of tagged colonies of Z. kuroshio and I. tuberculatus were sampled monthly, and gonads in mesenteries were examined under a stereomicroscope. In Z. kuroshio, sizes of oocytes were estimated and in si…

Characterizing the effective reproduction number during the COVID-19 pandemic: Insights from Qatar's experience.

BACKGROUND: The effective reproduction number, Rt , is a tool to track and understand pandemic dynamics. This investigation of Rt estimations was conducted to guide the national COVID-19 response in Qatar, from the onset of the pandemic until August 18, 2021. METHODS: Real-time "empirical" Rt Empirical was estimated using five methods, including the Robert Koch Institute, Cislaghi, Systrom-Bettencourt and Ribeiro, Wallinga and Teunis, and Cori et al. methods. Rt was also estimated using a transmission dynamics model (Rt Model-based ). Uncertainty and sensitivity analyses were conducted. Corre…

Математическое моделирование модели совместного заражения ВИЧ-инфекцией: влияние параметров на количество репродукций.

Фон: вирусы гепатита С (ВИЧ) и вирусы иммунодефицита человека (ВИЧ) классифицируются как вирусы, передаваемые через кровь, поскольку они передаются через контакт с зараженной кровью. Примерно 1,3 млн. человек из 2,75 млн. носителей ВИЧ/ГКВ -- это люди, употребляющие наркотики путем инъекций. Совместное заражение ВИЧ оказывает пагубное воздействие на развитие ВЦВ, что приводит к более высоким показателям стойкости ВЦВ после острой инфекции, более высоким вирусным уровням и ускорению развития фиброза печени и заболевания конечной стадией печени. В этом исследовании мы разработали и изучили матем

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
Background: Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) and Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) are both classified as blood-borne viruses since they are transmi … s. The equilibria were demonstrated by bringing all differential equations to zero. The associative reproduction numbers for mono-infected and dual-infected models were calculated using the next-generation matrix approach. The local and global stabilities of the models were validated using the linearization and comparison theorem and the negative criterion tec …

Effects of Hochuekkito, a traditional Japanese medicine (Kampo), on reproduction of aging female mice.

PURPOSE: To determine the potentials of Hochuekkito (HET) treatment for aging infertility. METHODS: Mice at 36 weeks of age were fed without (control, n = 40) or with low (100 mg/kg/day, n = 24) and high (1000 mg/kg/day, n = 38) doses of HET for 12 weeks. Aging animals at 48 weeks of age were used for in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer (IVF-ET), and their ovaries were subjected to histological and quantitative inflammation analyses. RESULTS: HET administration decreased transcript levels of ovarian inflammatory markers, interleukin 6 (IL-6), IL-1β, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and inte

Prenatal exposure to the phthalate DEHP impacts reproduction-related gene expression in the pituitary.

Phthalates are chemicals used in products including plastics, personal care products, and building materials, leading to widespread contact. … a critical period of embryonic development (e15.5 to e18.5) will cause sex-specific disruptions in reproduction-related mRNA expression in offspring's pituitary due to interference with androgen and aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) signaling. We found that prenatal DEHP exposure in vivo caused a significant increase in Fshb specifically in males, while the ant …

Impact of micro-environmental factors on survival, reproduction and distribution of Oncomelania hupensis snails.

BACKGROUND: Schistosomiasis japonica is a chronic parasitic disease that seriously harms people's health. Oncomelania hupensis is the only intermediate host of Schistosoma japonicum. The micro-environmental factors surrounding the snail have a great impact on the survival, growth and reproduction of O. hupensis, but there are few relevant systematic analyses until the present. This scoping review aims to identify and summarize the micro-environmental factors that greatly affect O. hupensis, and to find gaps in research thus to provide directions for future in-depth studies. MAIN BODY: This sc…

Reproduction of Mesobiotus: Comparison of Morphology and Behavior in the Family Macrobiotidae (Tardigrada: Eutardigrada).

The genus Mesobiotus was separated from the genus Macrobiotus in 2016 and the name referred to its phylogenetic position among the family Macrobiotidae; however, knowledge of the reproductive behavior of this genus is limited compared to those of Paramacrobiotus and Macrobiotus. This study comprehensively provides the reproductive traits, including the gamete morphologies and behavioral observations, of Mesobiotus. The morphology of its spermatozoon showed a length that was intermediary among those of Paramacrobiotus and Macrobiotus species. The sequence of mating behavior was generally conser

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 and Male Reproduction: Relationship, Explanations, and Clinical Remedies.

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-2019) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has been an ongoing pandemic and worldwide public health emergency, having drawn a lot of attention around the world. The pathogenesis of COVID-19 is characterized by infecting angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2)-expressing cells, including testis-specific cells, namely, Leydig, Sertoli, and spermatogenic cells, which are closely related to male reproduction. This leads to aberrant hyperactivation of the immune system generating damage to the infected organs. An impairment in testicu…

Seminal exosomes - An important biological marker for various disorders and syndrome in human reproduction.

BACKGROUND: Exosomes are nano-sized membrane vesicles, secreted by different types of cells into the body's biological fluids. They are found in abundance in semen as compared to other fluids. Exosomes contain a cargo of lipid molecules, proteins, phospholipids, cholesterol, mRNAs, and miRNAs. Each molecule of seminal exosomes (SE) has a potential role in male reproduction for childbirth. Many potential candidates are available within the seminal exosomes that can be used as diagnostic markers for various diseases or syndromes associated with male reproduction. Also these seminal exospmes play…

2021 European Thyroid Association Guideline on Thyroid Disorders prior to and during Assisted Reproduction.

Severe thyroid dysfunction may lead to menstrual disorders and subfertility. Fertility problems may persist even after restoring normal thyroid function, and then an assisted reproductive technology (ART) may be a solution. Prior to an ART treatment, ovarian stimulation is performed, leading to high oestradiol levels, which may lead to hypothyroidism in women with thyroid autoimmunity (TAI), necessitating levothyroxine (LT4) supplements before pregnancy. Moreover, women with the polycystic ovarian syndrome and idiopathic subfertility have a higher prevalence of TAI. Women with hypothyroidism t

Posthumous assisted reproduction policies among a cohort of United States' in vitro fertilization clinics.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the presence and content of policies toward posthumous assisted reproduction (PAR) using oocytes and embryos among Society for Assisted Reproductive Technology (SART) member clinics in the United States. DESIGN: Cross-sectional questionnaire-based study. SETTING: Not applicable. PATIENTS: A total of 62 SART member clinics. INTERVENTIONS: Questionnaire including multiple choice and open-ended questions. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Descriptive statistics regarding presence and content of policies regarding PAR using oocytes and embryos, consent document content regarding ooc…

Inhibition of the NAD salvage pathway in schistosomes impairs metabolism, reproduction, and parasite survival.

NAD, a key co-enzyme required for cell metabolism, is synthesized via two pathways in most organisms. Since schistosomes apparently lack enzymes required for de novo NAD biosynthesis, we evaluated whether these parasites, which infect >200 million people worldwide, maintain NAD homeostasis via the NAD salvage biosynthetic pathway. We found that intracellular NAD levels decline in schistosomes treated with drugs that block production of nicotinamide or nicotinamide mononucleotide-known NAD precursors in the non-deamidating salvage pathway. Moreover, in vitro inhibition of the NAD salvage pathwa

The Beneficial Role of Intra Cytoplasmic Morphologically Selected Sperm Injection (IMSI) in Assisted Reproduction.

Since the introduction of intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI), the importance of sperm morphology assessment has been given attention in the assisted reproduction field. It is important to select a good-quality motile spermatozoon for giving a better embryo quality in assisted reproduction technique (ART). In ICSI, sperm morphology evaluation is limited due to its low magnification. However, by using intracytoplasmic morphologically selected sperm injection (IMSI), the selection is done at high magnification of ×6600 using motile sperm organelle morphology examination (MSOME). Therefore, i…

The physiology of male reproduction: Impact of drugs and their abuse on male fertility.

Male factor accounts for about 30-50% of infertility. A common cause of male infertility is drug abuse; either illicit or prolonged use of prescribed drugs. This study provides a review of the physiology of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis and recent literature on drugs that have been linked to male infertility and the associated mechanisms. Relevant peer-reviewed papers were assessed online using PubMed/PubMed Central, Scopus, AJOL, Google Scholar and DOAJ databases using Medical Subjects Headings (MeSH) indexes and relevant key word searches. Although drugs are beneficial when used at

Current Insights and Latest Updates in Sperm Motility and Associated Applications in Assisted Reproduction.

Spermatozoon is a motile cell with a special ability to travel through the woman's reproductive tract and fertilize an oocyte. To reach and penetrate the oocyte, spermatozoa should possess progressive motility. Therefore, motility is an important parameter during both natural and assisted conception. The global trend of progressive reduction in the number and motility of healthy spermatozoa in the ejaculate is associated with increased risk of infertility. Therefore, developing approaches for maintaining or enhancing human sperm motility has been an important area of investigation. In this rev

Reproduction and Pregnancy in Inflammatory Bowel Disease - Management and Treatment Based on Current Guidelines.

Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) affect mainly young population. Therefore, fertility and pregnancy are important clinical issues to be con … with caution. In 2015, European Crohn's and Colitis Organisation (ECCO) published its Consensus on Reproduction and Pregnancy in IBD. However, management of IBD during the reproductive age and during pregnancy still remains controversial, since evidence-based data come mostly from retrospective studies. The aim of this paper was to discuss the issue of reprod …