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Терапевтическая эффективность 4-гидроксизолеуцина в экспериментальной крысиной модели демиелинации: защита от нейронов с помощью ФУИ-1 и восстановления уровня ГЛП-1.

Множественный склероз (MS) — хроническое аутоиммунное нейродегенеративное состояние, вызывающее демиэлирование и повреждение аксона. Бромистый этадиум (ЭБРД) вызывает демиелионацию с помощью повреждения глиальных клеток, особенно олигодендроцитов и астроцитов. 4-гидроксизолеуцин (4-HI) обладает потенциалом нейрозащиты, регулируя ключевые маршруты подачи сигналов. Насколько нам известно, это первое исследование с оценкой нейрозащитного потенциала 4-HI в экспериментальной крысиной модели обезвоживания. ЦЕЛЬ: Цель настоящего исследования заключается в оценке нейрозащитного потенциала 4-HI в экспе

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
BACKGROUND: Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune neurodegenerative condition causing demyelination and axonal damage. Ethidium br … P) to induce demyelination. Animals were administered 4-HI orally at a dose of 100 or 200 mg/kg and semaglutide at 2 mg/kg. Neurobehavioral performance, pro-inflammatory cytokines, apoptotic markers, neurotransmitter levels, and hematological indices were assessed. Histopathological analysis was conducted to evaluate myelin damage, neuroinflammation, and myel …

EASL-EASD-EASO Clinical Practice Guidelines on the management of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD): Executive Summary.

Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), previously termed non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), is defined as … tion-as well as optimal management of comorbidities-including use of incretin-based therapies (e.g. semaglutide, tirzepatide) for type 2 diabetes or obesity, if indicated-is advised. Bariatric surgery is also an option in individuals with MASLD and obesity. If locally approved and dependent on the label, adults with non-cirrhotic MASH and significant liver fi …

Generalizability of the Results of Cardiovascular Outcome Trials of Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 Receptor Agonists in Chinese Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.

INTRODUCTION: This study aimed to investigate the generalizability of the results of cardiovascular outcome trials (CVOTs) of glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) to Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). METHODS: The 3B (Blood Glucose, Blood Pressure, and Blood Lipid) population, a nationally representative population of patients with T2DM in China (n = 25,411), was examined for eligibility of enrollment in four GLP-1 RAs CVOTs (Dulaglutide-REWIND, Exenatide-EXSCEL, Liraglutide-LEADER, and Semaglutide-SUSTAIN-6). We first estimated the proportion of 3B popula…

Prescribing of GLP-1 and GIP/GLP-1 Receptor Agonists and Other Glucose-Lowering Drugs Requiring Special Caution in Elderly Japanese People With Type 2 Diabetes: A Preliminary Report.

BACKGROUND: Adverse drug events are more common in elderly people, prompting the Japan Geriatrics Society to update its "Guidelines for Safe … se cotransporter 2 inhibitor (SGLT2i), sulfonylureas, and insulin. In age-stratified analyses, oral semaglutide and dulaglutide were the most prescribed GLP-1RAs among people aged ≥ 75 years. CONCLUSIONS: GLP-1RAs were prescribed to approximately one quarter of elderly people with T2D and were most commonly used in people with obesity and more complex glucos …

Structured Exercise During and After Incretin-Based Pharmacotherapy Discontinuation: A Narrative Review of Mechanisms, Evidence, and Prescription Guidance.

Background/Objectives: Incretin-based pharmacotherapies are the most effective non-surgical treatments for obesity to date, yet 85% of patie … end. This evidence derives from a single liraglutide-based trial and may not generalize directly to semaglutide, tirzepatide, or next-generation agents. Real-world data associate exercise counseling with durable weight loss after discontinuation. Conclusions: No randomized controlled trial has directly evaluated exercise at pharmacotherapy cessation; conclusi …

GLP-1 Agonists in Adolescent Obesity: A Narrative Review of Single, Dual, and Triple Agonists.

Adolescent obesity is an escalating global health concern associated with increased risks of cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes mellitu … ingful weight reduction and metabolic benefits in adolescents. In the STEP TEENS trial, once-weekly semaglutide resulted in approximately 16% mean body weight reduction over 68 weeks, while liraglutide produced more modest reductions. Dual agonists such as tirzepatide and emerging triple agonists, including retatrutide, have shown superior weight-loss efficac …

GLP-1 Receptor Agonists in Adolescents: Emerging Endocrine, Reproductive, and Psychosocial Concerns.

OBJECTIVE: Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) are increasingly prescribed to adolescents for obesity and type 2 diabetes … l regularity with GLP-1 RA therapy. In adolescents with obesity, clinical trials of liraglutide and semaglutide show significant weight reduction without short-term effects on growth or pubertal development. However, adolescence represents a critical period for peak bone mass acquisition, and rapid pharmacologic weight loss may theoretically impair bone miner …

GLP-1 receptor agonist use and mental health outcomes in adolescents with obesity: a retrospective review.

OBJECTIVES: Adolescent obesity is associated with increased rates of depression and suicidality. Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists ( … retrospective chart review of adolescents aged 12-21 years with obesity treated with liraglutide or semaglutide at a single academic center between June 2022 and December 2024. Demographic, clinical, and psychosocial data were extracted from the electronic health record at baseline and follow-up. Depressive symptoms or suicidality were screened at clinic visi …

Injectable Peptides in Sports Medicine: A Structured Narrative Review of Evidence, Safety, and Antidoping Implications.

BACKGROUND: Injectable peptides are increasingly promoted for musculoskeletal recovery, tissue repair, and performance enhancements; however … : Five functional peptide classes were identified. Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (e.g., semaglutide) are the only class supported by reproducible randomized evidence of symptomatic improvement in knee osteoarthritis, with benefits primarily mediated by clinically meaningful weight loss and putative anti-inflammatory effects, whereas structural car …

Incretin-Based Therapies as Cardiometabolic Interventions: Outcome Hierarchy, Receptor-Network Pharmacology and Phenotype-Based Clinical Positioning.

AIMS: Incretin-based pharmacotherapy was initially developed to improve glucose-dependent insulin secretion and glycaemic control in type 2 … sclerotic risk reduction is a major treatment goal. In type 2 diabetes with chronic kidney disease, semaglutide has dedicated kidney outcome evidence. In obesity with cardiometabolic risk, high-magnitude and sustained weight reduction has become a clinically relevant therapeutic target. Receptor-network pharmacology, including GLP-1, GIP, glucagon and amylin …

Dual Glucagon and GLP-1 Receptor Agonist Survodutide Improves Biomarkers of Beta-Cell Function and Insulin Sensitivity in People With Type 2 Diabetes or Living With Overweight/Obesity.

AIMS: This post hoc analysis evaluated the effect of survodutide on beta-cell function, insulin sensitivity, and glucose biomarkers in two phase 2 trial populations. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Trial 1404-0002 randomised 413 participants with type 2 diabetes on metformin to receive survodutide, placebo, or semaglutide over 16 weeks. Trial 1404-0036 randomised 387 participants with overweight/obesity and normoglycaemia to receive survodutide or placebo for 46 weeks. Descriptive statistics were derived from both trials. Biomarker responses were analysed using mixed models for repeated measures and r…

Cancer risk of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists for obesity: comparison with bariatric surgery and other weight-loss drugs.

BACKGROUND: Obesity is associated with an increased risk of several cancers, including colorectal cancer (CRC), pancreatic cancer, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) have been linked to a lower risk of certain obesity-associated cancers, but most studies have focused on patients with diabetes. Their impact on nondiabetic patients using GLP-1 RAs for weight loss remains unclear. METHODS: Using the TriNetX Research network, we conducted a retrospective cohort study of nondiabetic adults with obesity who received semaglutide or tirzepatide, …

Effects of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists on male reproductive hormones, semen parameters, and metabolic outcomes: a systematic review.

INTRODUCTION: Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) are antidiabetic agents that also induce weight loss. Their widespread use has prompted investigation of potential benefits beyond glycemic control, including effects on male sexual and reproductive function. Emerging evidence suggests that they may improve male reproductive parameters, particularly in men with metabolic dysfunction. OBJECTIVES: To systematically evaluate the effects of GLP-1RAs (liraglutide, semaglutide, dulaglutide, and exenatide) on male reproductive hormones, semen parameters, and metabolic outcomes. METH…

Psychometric Validation of the Simplicity of Diabetes Treatment Questionnaire (Sim-Q) for Type 2 Diabetes.

INTRODUCTION: Over the past 2 decades, treatment for type 2 diabetes (T2D) has evolved with the introduction of medications that offer great … obal items differentiated between groups receiving different treatments (tirzepatide and injectable semaglutide). CONCLUSION: The Sim-Q demonstrated good reliability and validity in this psychometric study. This measure may be useful for assessing individuals' perceptions of treatment simplicity in clinical trials and clinical practice.

Hepatic Safety of Orforglipron in Adults With Obesity or Overweight and/or Type 2 Diabetes: A Pooled Analysis of the Orforglipron Phase 3 Clinical Trials.

AIMS: Orforglipron is a novel small-molecule, once daily oral non-peptide GLP-1 receptor agonist. The hepatic safety profile in adults with obesity or overweight and/or type 2 diabetes (T2D) across seven orforglipron Phase 3 clinical trials was assessed. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Overall, 11 220 participants were included in this analysis (orforglipron N = 6920; pooled comparator [placebo, oral semaglutide, dapagliflozin, insulin glargine] N = 4300) for up to 104 weeks, including safety follow-up. Eligibility criteria for these Phase 3 trials included ALT/AST < 3 × ULN in the weight management p…

Imaging-Derived Sarcopenic Obesity and Cardiovascular Outcomes: Insights Into Heart Failure Risk and Muscle Biology.

BACKGROUND: The prognostic value of obesity in cardiovascular disease is complex. Measures such as body mass index and waist-to-height ratio … ng muscle atrophy. Analyses identified ACVR2B, the target of bimagrumab, which is being tested with semaglutide to enhance fat loss while maintaining lean mass. CONCLUSIONS: These results establish sarcopenic obesity as a clinically meaningful cardiovascular risk phenotype and point to viable therapeutic targets.

GLP-1 Receptor Agonists and the Ocular Surface: A Narrative Review of Restoration, Remodeling, and Clinical Implications.

Glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) have become a recurring topic in ophthalmology, yet most reviews emphasize posterior se … ibrosis, and improved tear secretion, corneal epithelial migration, and nerve regeneration, while a semaglutide study in aged mice suggests lacrimal structural rescue through attenuation of senescence-associated inflammatory, oxidative, and fibrotic programs. Human evidence remains limited and largely observational, with retrospective diabetic cohorts showing …

Nutritional Deficiencies, Complications, and Nutrition Therapy/Counseling in Pediatric Patients Using GLP-1 Receptor Agonists.

BACKGROUND: Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) are increasingly used to treat childhood obesity, prediabetes, and type 2 d … 1.8) years, 61.5% were female, and 62.6% had obesity. Liraglutide (78.6%), dulaglutide (10.4%), and semaglutide (9.1%) were the most prescribed GLP-1RA drugs. Within 1 year, 16.88% of patients were diagnosed with at least one nutritional deficiency or deficiency-related complication, most frequently vitamin D deficiency (12.4%), followed by nutritional anemia …

Clinical Outcomes Associated with GLP-1 Receptor Agonist Exposure in Non-Diabetic Patients with Chronic Pancreatitis: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

Background: GLP-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) are increasingly used for obesity and metabolic disease, but their use in people with chroni … confirmation criteria were unavailable. The exposed cohort included patients receiving dulaglutide, semaglutide, or tirzepatide (n = 1441 before matching), and the comparator cohort included patients without recorded GLP-1 RA exposure (n = 142,047 before matching). One-to-one propensity score matching generated 1422 patients in each cohort. Outcomes were asse …

Obesity: Clinical Impact, Pathophysiology, Complications, and Modern Innovations in Therapeutic Strategies.

Obesity is a growing global health concern with widespread impacts on physical, psychological, and social well-being. Clinically, it is a ma … f treatment discontinuation. The advent of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists (e.g., semaglutide, tirzepatide) has revolutionized obesity management. These agents demonstrate unprecedented efficacy, achieving 15-25% mean weight loss in clinical trials, alongside reducing major adverse cardiovascular events by 20% and T2D incidence by 72%. Emerg …