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Phage Display Derived Monoclonal Antibodies: From Bench to Bedside.

Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) have become one of the most important classes of biopharmaceutical products, and they continue to dominate the universe of biopharmaceutical markets in terms of approval and sales. They are the most profitable single product class, where they represent six of the top ten selling drugs. At the beginning of the 1990s, an in vitro antibody selection technology known as antibody phage display was developed by John McCafferty and Sir. Gregory Winter that enabled the discovery of human antibodies for diverse applications, particularly antibody-based drugs. They created c

Hypoxia within the glioblastoma tumor microenvironment: a master saboteur of novel treatments.

Glioblastoma (GBM) tumors are the most aggressive primary brain tumors in adults that, despite maximum treatment, carry a dismal prognosis. GBM tumors exhibit tissue hypoxia, which promotes tumor aggressiveness and maintenance of glioma stem cells and creates an overall immunosuppressive landscape. This article reviews how hypoxic conditions overlap with inflammatory responses, favoring the proliferation of immunosuppressive cells and inhibiting cytotoxic T cell development. Immunotherapies, including vaccines, immune checkpoint inhibitors, and CAR-T cell therapy, represent promising avenues f

Efficacy of oncolytic virus in the treatment of intermediate-to-advanced solid tumors: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

This meta-analysis assessed oncolytic virus therapy's efficacy for intermediate-to-advanced solid tumors. We systematically searched PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Embase databases until March 6, 2025. Our review included 87 studies, involving 5,385 individuals, encompassing 75 clinical trials and 12 retrospective studies. Patient response rates were as follows: complete response (CR) 11%, partial response (PR) 18%, stable disease (SD) 32%, and progressive disease (PD) 32%. The overall response rate (ORR) was 29%, and the durable response rate (DRR) was 39%. Comparing oncolytic virus therapy to

Cancer stem cells in esophageal squamous cell cancer.

Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are hypothesized to govern the origin, progression, drug resistance, recurrence and metastasis of human cancer. CSCs have been identified in nearly all types of human cancer, including esophageal squamous cell cancer (ESCC). Four major methods are typically used to isolate or enrich CSCs, including: i) fluorescence-activated cell sorting or magnetic-activated cell sorting using cell-specific surface markers; ii) stem cell markers, including aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family member A1; iii) side population cell phenotype markers; and iv) microsphere culture methods. ESCC

Cellular based treatment modalities for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common primary malignancy of the liver and is unfortunately associated with an overall poor prognosis and high mortality. Early and intermediate stages of HCC allow for treatment with surgical resection, ablation and even liver transplantation, however disease progression warrants conventional systemic therapy. For years treatment options were limited to molecular-targeting medications, of which sorafenib remains the standard of care. The recent development and success of immune checkpoint inhibitors has proven to be a breakthrough in the treatment of

Endodontics in Systemically Compromised Patients

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Methamphetamine induces transcriptional changes in cultured HIV-infected mature monocytes that may contribute to HIV neuropathogenesis.

HIV-associated neurocognitive impairment (HIV-NCI) persists in 15-40% of people with HIV (PWH) despite effective antiretroviral therapy. HIV-NCI significantly impacts quality of life, and there is currently no effective treatment for it. The development of HIV-NCI is complex and is mediated, in part, by the entry of HIV-infected mature monocytes into the central nervous system (CNS). Once in the CNS, these cells release inflammatory mediators that lead to neuroinflammation, and subsequent neuronal damage. Infected monocytes may infect other CNS cells as well as differentiate into macrophages,

Intestinal/Multivisceral Transplantation

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Сотрясение связано с множественным склерозом, если оно происходит до инфекционного мононуклеоза.

Если вирус Эпштейн-Барр имеет существенно важное значение для множественного склероза (MS) патогенеза, то могут существовать различия в риске MS для вспомогательного воздействия, которое происходит до или после заражения вирусом Эпштейн-Барр. Инфекционный мононуклеоз (IM) в подростковом возрасте обычно представляет собой первичную вирусную инфекцию Эпштейн-Барр, поэтому его можно использовать в качестве косвенного маркера, в то время как сотрясение мозга в подростковом возрасте рассматривается в качестве отдельного неосновного фактора риска для MS. Цель здесь заключалась в изучении того, связа

Joint modeling of longitudinal health-related quality of life during concurrent chemoradiotherapy period and long-term survival among patients with advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma.

BackgroundTo investigate the prognosis of longitudinal health-related quality of life (HRQOL) during concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) on survival outcomes in patients with advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC).MethodsDuring 2012-2014, 145 adult NPC patients with stage II-IVb NPC were investigated weekly using the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire core 30 (EORCT QLQ-C30) during their CCRT period. The effects of longitudinal trends of HRQOL on survival outcomes were estimated using joint modeling, and hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confid

Efficacy of Intermittent, Oral Famciclovir Prophylaxis for Bortezomib-Induced Herpes Zoster in Multiple Myeloma Patients.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the efficacy and safety of intermittent, oral famciclovir prophylaxis for bortezomib-induced herpes zoster in multiple myeloma patients. METHOD: We retrospectively analyzed the incidence of bortezomib treatment-related varicella-zoster virus reactivation in 719 newly-diagnosed multiple myeloma patients receiving intermittent oral famciclovir prophylaxis, continuous oral acyclovir prophylaxis or no prophylaxis. The definition of intermittent oral famciclovir prophylaxis was oral famciclovir at a dose of 250mg twice daily for 9 days after finishing the last dose of bortezo

Primary IgA nephropathy: current challenges and future prospects.

IgA nephropathy (IgAN) is the most common form of primary glomerulonephritis worldwide, exhibiting a variable clinical and pathological course and significantly contributing to the global burden of chronic kidney disease and end-stage renal disease. Current standards of care focus on optimization of antihypertensive and antiproteinuric therapies (typically renin- angiotensin system blockade) to reduce disease progression. Much recent attention has focused on whether additional immunosuppression confers better outcomes than supportive management alone, and indeed, several trials have demonstrat

Radiation induced oral mucositis.

PATIENTS RECEIVING RADIOTHERAPY OR CHEMOTHERAPY WILL RECEIVE SOME DEGREE OF ORAL MUCOSITIS THE INCIDENCE OF ORAL MUCOSITIS WAS ESPECIALLY HIGH IN PATIENTS: (i) With primary tumors in the oral cavity, oropharynx, or nasopharynx; (ii) who also received concomitant chemotherapy; (iii) who received a total dose over 5,000 cGy; and (iv) who were treated with altered fractionation radiation schedules. Radiation-induced oral mucositis affects the quality of life of the patients and the family concerned. The present day management of oral mucositis is mostly palliative and or supportive care. The newe

Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy during bispecific antibody therapy in multiple myeloma: from immune dysfunction to early recognition. Comment on: "Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy and BK virus-nephropathy with bispecific antibody therapy in multiple myeloma".

Not available.

Совпадение в полном тексте источника
… It is important to emphasise that longitudinal analysis of the immune profile revealed impairment of both humoral and cellular immunity, including the loss of JC virus (JCV)-specific CD8+ T-cell responses, which preceded the clinical onset of PML1. …

Evidence for the use of intravenous immunoglobulins--a review of the literature.

Intravenous immunoglobulins (IVIg) were first introduced in the middle of the twentieth century for the treatment of primary immunodeficiencies. In 1981, Paul Imbach noticed an improvement of immune-mediated thrombocytopenia, in patients receiving IVIg for immunodeficiencies. This opened a new era for the treatment of autoimmune conditions with IVIg. Since then, IVIg has become an important treatment option in a wide spectrum of diseases, including autoimmune and acute inflammatory conditions, most of them off-label (not included in the US Food and Drug Administration recommendation). A panel

Доклад по делу: Синдром Рефрактора Эванса two Пациенты, страдающие спондилоэндродисплазией с иммунной дисрегуляцией, успешно лечились с ингибицией JAK1/JAK2.

Biallelic мутации в гене ACP5 вызывают спондилоэндхондрисплазию с иммунной дисрегуляцией (SPENCDI). Для СЕНКОДИ характерна фенотипическая триада скелетной дисфункции, врожденная и адаптивная иммунная дисфункция, а также переменные неврологические результаты, начиная от асимптоматических кальцинаций мозга и заканчивая сильной задержкой в развитии и прививкой. Регулирование иммунной дискриминации в СИННКДИ часто является отходом от стандартного иммунодепрессивного лечения. Здесь мы представляем примеры two :: пациенты, страдающие синдромом SNNCDI и аутоиммунной цитопенией, которые продемонстриро

mRNA vaccine development and applications: A special focus on tumors (Review).

Cancer is characterized by unlimited proliferation and metastasis, and traditional therapeutic strategies usually result in the acquisition of drug resistance, thus highlighting the need for more personalized treatment. mRNA vaccines transfer the gene sequences of exogenous target antigens into human cells through transcription and translation to stimulate the body to produce specific immune responses against the encoded proteins, so as to enable the body to obtain immune protection against said antigens; this approach may be adopted for personalized cancer therapy. Since the recent coronaviru

Thrombopoietin Receptor Agonists: Can These Be the Future Answer to the Deadly Thrombocytopenia in Dengue Fever?

Dengue is considered the most prevalent mosquito-borne viral disease worldwide and sometimes turns out to be life-threatening. Thrombocytopenia is frequently observed in mild and severe cases of dengue. Severe thrombocytopenia, with a platelet count much below the normal range and hemorrhagic manifestation, is considered a fatal consequence of dengue that needs proper and timely management. The development of the dengue vaccine is quite challenging due to the existence of four different serotypes of the virus. Currently, neither a specific antiviral therapy nor a vaccine is available, and the

A review of immunotherapy for bone tumors.

This article reviews the latest research progress in immunotherapy for bone tumors. Bone tumors are a serious threat to human health, and traditional treatments have limitations. Recently, immunotherapy, as an emerging treatment method, has shown great potential in the treatment of bone tumors. This article systematically introduces the pathological features, traditional treatment methods and limitations of bone tumors, and focuses on the principles, application status and challenges of immune checkpoint inhibitors, CAR-T cell therapy, tumor vaccines and other immunotherapies. At the same time

Neurological updates: neurological complications of CAR-T therapy.

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-expressing T cells now offer an effective treatment option for people with previously refractory B cell malignancies and are under development for a wide range of other tumours. However, neurological toxicity is a common complication of CAR-T cell therapy, seen in over 50% of recipients in some cohorts. Since 2018, the term immune effector cell-associated neurotoxicity syndrome (ICANS) has been used to describe and grade neurotoxicity seen after CAR-T cells and other similar therapies. ICANS following CAR-T therapy is usually self-limiting but can necessitate ad

Совпадение в полном тексте источника
… Post mortem cases have not shown any evidence of herpes simplex virus 1 or 2, cytomegalovirus, varicella zoster virus, JC virus, adenovirus, or Epstein–Barr virus [ 18 ]. …