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Alemtuzumab-induced remission of multiple sclerosis-associated uveitis.

PURPOSE: The purpose of the study was to report a case of multiple sclerosis (MS)-associated uveitis refractory to conventional immunosuppressants, with subsequent remission following treatment with alemtuzumab. METHODS: Case report Patient was treated with intravenous alemtuzumab, a lymphocyte depleting anti-CD52 monoclonal antibody that has recently been approved for use in relapsing MS. RESULTS: A 17-year-old female presented with bilateral optic neuritis and subsequently bilateral intermediate uveitis and secondary macular oedema. She was diagnosed with active relapsing MS for which she …

Differential Diagnosis for Multiple Sclerosis-related Optic Neuritis.

PURPOSE: To analyze clinical features and main causes of multiple sclerosis-related optic neuritis (MS-ON), providing evidence for the differential diagnosis of MS-ON. METHODS: Clinical data were collected from 527 patients, 123 males and 404 females, diagnosed with MS-ON between June 2008 and June 2013. Visual acuity, optometry, visual field, slit-lamp microscopy, indirect ophthalmoscopy (20D), optical coherence tomography (OCT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were performed. Venous blood was sampled for detection of autoimmune antibodies and Aquaporin (AQP- 4). RESULTS: Fifty nine cas…

Relationship between Helicobacter pylori infection and multiple sclerosis.

BACKGROUND: Recent data indicate the presence of immunomodulating properties of Helicobacter pylori (Hp) (Hp Sydney Strain-1 antigen) in an experimental model of multiple sclerosis (MS), and there are limited contradictory epidemiologic data regarding Hp serology in MS patients. METHODS: The aim of this prospective, comparative study was to validate the incidence of active Hp infection by histology and the endoscopic abnormalities, in 44 patients with relapsing-remitting MS and 20 anemic controls. RESULTS: The overall prevalence of histologically confirmed active Hp infection in 44 MS patien…

Multiple sclerosis increases fracture risk: a meta-analysis.

PURPOSE: The association between multiple sclerosis (MS) and fracture risk has been reported, but results of previous studies remain controversial and ambiguous. To assess the association between MS and fracture risk, a meta-analysis was performed. METHOD: Based on comprehensive searches of the PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science, we identified outcome data from all articles estimating the association between MS and fracture risk. The pooled risk ratios (RRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated. RESULTS: A significant association between MS and fracture risk was found. This re…

Myelitis: Differences between multiple sclerosis and other aetiologies.

BACKGROUND: Myelitis can appear as an initial symptom in the context of demyelinating diseases, systemic inflammatory diseases, and infectious diseases. We aim to analyse the differences between myelitis associated with multiple sclerosis (MS) and myelitis resulting from other aetiologies. METHODS: Single-centre, retrospective analysis of patients with initial myelitis (2000-2013). Demographic, aetiological, clinical, radiological and prognostic variables were analysed and compared between patients with myelitis from MS and those with myelitis due to other aetiologies. RESULTS: We included 9…

[Spinal segmental myoclonus in multiple sclerosis (case report)].

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a disease with multicentric lesions of central nervous system. These numerous lesions can cause a lot of different symptoms. Sometimes these signs are atypical and make difficulties for MS diagnosing. Hyperkinesis is extremely rare manifestation of MS especially if it concerns spinal myoclonus. Spinal myoclonic jerks can be caused by various focal damages of neuraxis including demyelination lesions. This report describes the case of spinal segmental myoclonus as an unusual manifestation of MS. The patient was diagnosed definite MS according to the McDonald criteria (…

Deep brain stimulation and multiple sclerosis: Therapeutic applications.

Deep brain stimulation is a neurosurgical technique that can be used to alleviate symptoms in a growing number of neurological conditions through modulating activity within brain networks. Certain applications of deep brain stimulation are relevant for the management of symptoms in multiple sclerosis. In this paper we discuss existing treatment options for tremor, facial pain and urinary dysfunction in multiple sclerosis and discuss evidence to support the potential use of deep brain stimulation for these symptoms.

Multiple sclerosis: diagnosis, differential diagnosis, and clinical presentation.

The diagnosis of multiple sclerosis (MS) is based on demonstrating evidence of inflammatory-demyelinating injury within the central nervous system that is disseminated in both time and space. Diagnosis is made through a combination of the clinical history, neurologic examination, magnetic resonance imaging and the exclusion of other diagnostic possibilities. Other so-called "paraclinical" tests, including the examination of the cerebrospinal fluid, the recording of evoked potentials, urodynamic studies of bladder function, and ocular coherence tomography, may be helpful in establishing the dia…

Characterizing cognitive function during relapse in multiple sclerosis.

OBJECTIVE: To characterize neuropsychological (NP) test performance during multiple sclerosis (MS) relapse and recovery. METHODS: Clinical status was assessed with NP testing and Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) in 24 relapsing patients, and 24 individually-matched, stable controls. All presented with cognitive symptoms as indicated by patient, clinician or caregiver perceived decline, but were free of optic neuritis, ataxia and upper extremity weakness that could compromise NP testing. The presence of enhancing magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) lesions was considered confirmatory of re…

18F-FDG PET/CT in tumefactive multiple sclerosis.

A 35-year-old man underwent contrast-enhanced MRI and F-FDG PET/CT for acute peripheral paresthesia, vision loss, muscle weakness, and difficulty walking. T2-weighted MRI demonstrated multiple bright periventricular supratentorial and infratentorial white matter lesions, including 2 with nodularity. Both nodular lesions showed moderate focal FDG uptake (SUVmax, 6.9 in both cases). Cerebrospinal fluid analysis showed increased levels of immunocytes and oligoclonal antibody bands. A diagnosis of acute onset tumefactive multiple sclerosis was made.

Epstein-Barr virus candidate genes and multiple sclerosis.

BACKGROUND: Previous infection with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and a history of infectious mononucleosis (IM) have been previously associated with an increased risk of multiple sclerosis (MS). Whether there are common genetic factors that may partially explain these associations has not been thoroughly explored. OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether select polymorphisms in genes associated with IM susceptibility are related to MS risk-a self-reported history of IM or antibody titer against Epstein-Barr virus nuclear antigen 1 (anti-EBNA1). METHODS: A case-control study including 1213 MS cases and …

Postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome associated with multiple sclerosis.

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to determine if there is a difference in the frequency of postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS) in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) compared to patients with symptoms of orthostatic intolerance and with no evidence of MS or other neurological illness. METHODS: We analyzed data gathered from 293 patients who underwent the head-up tilt table test protocol. Group 1 included prospectively analyzed 112 with MS and group 2 included retrospectively analyzed 181 patients who were evaluated because of symptoms of orthostatic intolerance, and with n…

Color blindness among multiple sclerosis patients in Isfahan.

BACKGROUND: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a disease of young and middle aged individuals with a demyelinative axonal damage nature in central nervous system that causes various signs and symptoms. As color vision needs normal function of optic nerve and macula, it is proposed that MS can alter it via influencing optic nerve. In this survey, we evaluated color vision abnormalities and its relationship with history of optic neuritis and abnormal visual evoked potentials (VEPs) among MS patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The case group was included of clinically definitive MS patients and the same nu…

From recurrent peripheral facial palsy to multiple sclerosis.

Peripheral facial palsy is a clinical entity, which may be presented as the first symptom of multiple sclerosis (MS). Although MS is mostly a multifocal chronic inflammation of the central nervous system, peripheral nervous system can also be involved. Isolated cranial nerve palsies are rare and occur in 1.6% of MS patients. In this report, a case is presented of a 35-year-old woman who developed isolated seventh nerve palsy that was misdiagnosed as Bell's palsy. Despite recurrent peripheral facial palsy, positive cerebrospinal fluid finding and magnetic resonance imaging, the diagnosis of MS …

Multiple sclerosis, natalizumab, and PML: helping patients decide.

The treatment benefits of natalizumab in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) appear to exceed those of other disease-modifying drugs, but progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) has been identified as a risk in patients receiving natalizumab. As of August 2011, a total of 150 cases of natalizumab-associated PML had been reported worldwide. The overall risk is estimated at approximately 1.66 in 1,000 patients. Independent risk factors for natalizumab-associated PML are number of infusions beyond 36 and prior use of immunosuppressive drugs. Classifying JC virus antibody status appears…

Вирус Варичеллы Зостер и повторный перевод множественных склерозов.

Множественный склероз (MS) представляет собой иммунное расстройство; однако мало что известно о пусковых факторах аномальной иммунной реакции. В качестве потенциальных участников были упомянуты различные вирусы из семейства герпесов. Здесь мы анализируем доказательства, подтверждающие связь вируса варицелла-зостера (VZV) с MS. Эпидемиологические исследования, проведенные в географических районах, где в последние десятилетия наблюдалось увеличение числа случаев заболевания MS, показали высокую частотность варицелла и зостера в клинических предместьях пациентов MS, а также результаты лабораторны

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an immune-mediated disorder; however, little is known about the triggering factors of the abnormal immune response. Different viruses from the herpes family have been mentioned as potential participants. Here, we review the evidences that support the association of varicella zoster virus (VZV) with MS. Epidemiological studies from …