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Synthesizing Living Tissues with Microfluidics.

In native tissues, various cell types organize and spatiotemporally function and communicate with neighboring or remote cells in a highly regulated way. How can we replicate these amazing functional structures in vitro? From the view of a chemist, the heterogeneous cells and extracellular matrix (ECM) could be regarded as various chemical substrate materials for "synthetic" reactions during tissue engineering. But how can we accelerate these reactions? Microfluidics provides ideal solutions. Microfluidics could be metaphorically regarded as a miniature "biofactory", whereas the on-chip critica

Public health and international drug policy.

UNLABELLED: In September 2015, the member states of the United Nations endorsed sustainable development goals (SDG) for 2030 that aspire to human rights-centered approaches to ensuring the health and well-being of all people. The SDGs embody both the UN Charter values of rights and justice for all and the responsibility of states to rely on the best scientific evidence as they seek to better humankind. In April 2016, these same states will consider control of illicit drugs, an area of social policy that has been fraught with controversy, seen as inconsistent with human rights norms, and for wh

Adverse Events in Studies of Classic Psychedelics: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

IMPORTANCE: A clear and comprehensive understanding of risks associated with psychedelic-assisted therapy is necessary as investigators extend its application to new populations and indications. OBJECTIVE: To assess adverse events (AEs) associated with classic psychedelics, particularly serious AEs (SAEs) and nonserious AEs (NSAEs) requiring medical or psychiatric evaluation. DATA SOURCES: The search for potentially eligible studies was conducted in the Scopus, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, and Web of Science databases from inception through February 8, 2024. STUDY SELECTION: Two independent reviewers

High prevalence of medical conditions and unhealthy lifestyle behaviours in women with PCOS during preconception: findings from the Australian Longitudinal Study on Women's Health.

STUDY QUESTION: What are the pre-existing medical conditions and lifestyle behaviours of women with and without PCOS during the preconceptio … luded BMI, pre-existing medical conditions, and modifiable lifestyle behaviours, including smoking, recreational drug use, alcohol intake, and physical activity level, during the preconception period. Differences between subgroups were tested using Student's t-test, χ2 test, or Fisher's exact test as appropriate. The associations of pregnancy intention with medical con …

Primary pyogenic infection of the spine in intravenous drug users: a prospective observational study.

STUDY DESIGN: A prospective comparative analysis of surgically-treated nontuberculous primary pyogenic infection of the spine (PPIS). OBJECTIVE: To evaluate and compare the demographics, presentation, treatment and outcomes of surgically-treated PPIS between intravenous drug users (IVDU) and non-IVDU patients. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: This is the first prospective cohort comparative analysis of the clinical outcomes of surgically-treated PPIS between IVDU and non-IVDU populations. This is also the largest cohort of consecutive surgically-treated PPIS in a population of IVDU. METHODS: Dat

Modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors for poor sperm morphology.

STUDY QUESTION: Are common lifestyle factors associated with poor sperm morphology? SUMMARY ANSWER: Common lifestyle choices make little contribution to the risk of poor sperm morphology. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY: Although many studies have claimed that men's lifestyle can affect sperm morphology, the evidence is weak with studies often underpowered and poorly controlled. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION: Unmatched case-referent study with 318 cases and 1652 referents. Cases had poor sperm morphology (<4% normal forms based on 200 sperm assessed). Exposures included self-reported exposures to alco

Unexpected non-HIV causes of death in children born to HIV-infected mothers. Pediatric Pulmonary and Cardiac Complications of Vertically Transmitted HIV Infection Study Group.

INTRODUCTION: A high incidence of sudden, unexplained deaths in infants born to HIV-infected mothers has been noted in several epidemiologic studies. During the course of a prospective study of heart and lung disease in children born to HIV-infected mothers, we noted that of 5 unexpected non-HIV-related deaths, 4 were attributed to traumatic events. METHODS: The Pediatric Pulmonary and Cardiac Complications of Vertically Transmitted HIV Infection (P2C2) study is a multicenter, prospective investigation of the incidence of heart and lung disease in HIV-infected children. A total of 805 childre

[A case of acute psychotic episode after a single dose of ecstasy].

Over the last 10 years or so in Europe, there has been a development of the "ecstasy" phenomenon, which is the symbol of "recreational" drugs in general. Users, either alone or in private parties, are on the increase. The phenomenon is most frequent in England and in the Netherlands, with an estimated incidence of 13-18% amongst the 18-25 years old, which may reach 52% in "exposed populations", such as individuals who go to "techno" night clubs. In France, the prevalence is uncertain, but estimated at least 5% of males between 18 and 23 years old. Several substance, with more or less the same

"Is It Her Hormones?": Psychiatric Diagnoses and Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome.

Beth, whom you have cared for in your primary care practice since she was born, is a 15-year-old adolescent girl with no prior psychiatric history who developed significant symptoms of clinical depression, associated with self-injurious behavior (cutting on wrists, arms, and thighs). She denied any known precipitant for her depression.She is a ninth grade honors student in the gifted program at a local high school and is described as a talented musician, playing multiple musical instruments as well as soccer and basketball. She has good family support, was sociable, and had several close frien

Sustained-release naltrexone for opioid dependence.

BACKGROUND: Opioid dependence is a severe and often lifelong disorder with a high risk of overdose and premature death, as well as severe psychosocial difficulties. Sustained-release naltrexone is a treatment option that works by blocking the euphoric and overdose effects of opioids. When injected intramuscularly, naltrexone provides blockade for one month, while the blocking effects with implants can last for up to six months. OBJECTIVES: To assess the benefits and harms of sustained-release naltrexone for the treatment of opioid dependence. SEARCH METHODS: For this update, we searched the

Support during pregnancy for women at increased risk of low birthweight babies.

BACKGROUND: Studies consistently show a relationship between social disadvantage and low birthweight. Many countries have programmes offering special assistance to women thought to be at risk for giving birth to a low birthweight infant. These programmes, collectively referred to in this review as additional social support, may include emotional support, which gives a person a feeling of being loved and cared for, tangible/instrumental support, in the form of direct assistance/home visits, and informational support, through the provision of advice, guidance and counselling. The programmes may

Survey of MaineHealth Cancer Care Network Providers on Cannabis Use: Preparation for Studies Sponsored by the National Cancer Institute.

IntroductionCannabis and cannabinoid use in patients with cancer has rapidly scaled up over the past decade and is a topic of considerable clinical, research, and public health interest.MethodsWe conducted a cannabis landscape survey among front-line providers in the MaineHealth Cancer Care Network (MHCCN) before applying and participating in National Cancer Institute (NCI)-sponsored studies on cannabis use in patients with cancer. The results of the survey can better inform participation in national studies and provide a departure point for provider educational activities focused on cannabis

The Persistence of Stigma and Other Challenges Experienced by Medical Cannabis Users: A Thematic Synthesis of Qualitative Studies.

BackgroundThe legislation, practices, and guidance shaping patient and professional access to medical cannabis (MC) for managing chronic pain and other conditions vary widely across jurisdictions. Despite promising evidence of effectiveness, challenges persist for those trying to access or prescribe MC. Little is known about how patients navigate these complex environments. We aimed to understand the evidence related to personal lived experiences associated with using MC for chronic pain and other conditions in negotiating these challenges.SummaryWe used a framework by Thomas and Harden for co

Cannabis stigma and symptom management considerations in cancer survivors: a mixed-methods exploration of patient perspectives.

PurposeThis study aims to assess for indications of stigma and attitudes toward cannabis among cancer survivors (CS) who use or consider the use of cannabis.MethodsThis study employed a convergent, parallel mixed methods design utilizing focus group and questionnaire data to assess the presence of stigma among a sample of CS (n = 23) who use (n = 10) and do not use (n = 13) cannabis to manage symptoms. CS were recruited from a multi-site observational study in the Northeast U.S. region that assesses cannabis use among oncology patients.ResultsA total of 23 CS participated in this study. In gen

Cannabis Use for Medical or Non-Medical Purposes in a Sample of Young Adult Cancer Survivors in the United States.

ObjectiveThis study examined cannabis use and motives (i.e., medical, non-medical ['recreational']) for first use and current use among young adult cancer survivors (ages 18-39).MethodWe analyzed 2024 baseline survey data from 155 young adult cancer survivors (Mage = 32.89 [SD = 4.89], 87.7% female, 81.9% White, M = 1.34 [SD = 1.04] years post-treatment) regarding cannabis use, use motives (i.e., medical, non-medical), use characteristics (e.g., frequency/mode), and quality of life (PROMIS). Analyses characterized participants by lifetime use, past-month use, and first use for medical or non-m

Challenges of airway management in a patient with temporomandibular joint ankylosis complicating forceps delivery--a case report.

INTRODUCTION: These guidelines provide a comprehensive and practical framework for preventing osteoporosis. They are designed for use by healthcare professionals, including orthopaedic surgeons, primary care physicians, specialists, nurses, and allied health providers, as they work with patients at risk of or already diagnosed with osteoporosis. METHODOLOGY: This iterative process involved multiple questionnaires sent to a panel of 62 osteoporosis and bone health experts. Experts, including clinicians, researchers, and academicians, were selected based on their recognised expertise and contri

Alendronate improves QOL of postmenopausal women with osteoporosis.

PURPOSE: Postmenopausal osteoporosis causes bone fracture as well as pain, physical, psychological and socially adverse effects, which affects a patient's quality of life (QOL). The effect of alendronate on QOL was investigated compared with that of alfacalcidol in post-menopausal osteoporotic women. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A total of 44 postmenopausal osteoporotic women (mean age 69.8 years) with back or joint pain, although capable of walking, were randomly assigned to two groups; group A (n=25) received 5 mg/day of alendronate, and group B (n=19) received 0.5 microg/day of alfacalcidol, for

Decoding Cancer Risk: Understanding Gene-Environment Interactions in Cancer Development.

While lifestyle choices or behavioral patterns remain the most significant factors influencing cancer risk, environmental exposure to certain chemicals, both manufactured and natural, may also contribute to an individual's likelihood of developing cancer. This interplay of factors, coupled with an aging demographic and shifting lifestyle patterns, has led to an increasing prevalence of cancer in recent years. This study examines the environmental and behavioral factors that contribute to anomalies in the immune system and increase the risk of developing cancer. Significant environmental and oc

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… Furthermore, substance misuse, such as alcohol, tobacco, and recreational drug use, has a major impact on immunological function and raises the risk of lymphoma. … Alcohol, tobacco and recreational drug use and the risk of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Nelson RA, Levine AM, Marks G, Bernstein L. Br J Cancer. 1997;76:1532–1537. doi: 10.1038/bjc.1997.590. 53. …

Использование каннабиса и риск возникновения периодонтита и негативных последствий для здоровья полости рта: систематический анализ литературы.

Каннабис широко употребляется во всем мире. К числу общих методов потребления относятся курение, оплодотворение и потребление съедобных веществ. Несмотря на все более широкое использование каннабиса, его воздействие на лечение и лечение расстройств, связанных с оральным здоровьем, по-прежнему недостаточно изучено. Каннабис ассоциируется с негативными оральными последствиями, такими, как периодонтит, ксеростомия, кариес и ингивит. Эти отрицательные оральные эффекты осложняют стоматологическую помощь. Был проведен систематический обзор литературы с целью поиска баз данных PubMed, EMBASE и Cochra

Can Hemp Help? Low-THC Cannabis and Non-THC Cannabinoids for the Treatment of Cancer.

Cannabis has been used to relieve the symptoms of disease for thousands of years. However, social and political biases have limited effective interrogation of the potential benefits of cannabis and polarised public opinion. Further, the medicinal and clinical utility of cannabis is limited by the psychotropic side effects of ∆9-tetrahydrocannabinol (∆9-THC). Evidence is emerging for the therapeutic benefits of cannabis in the treatment of neurological and neurodegenerative diseases, with potential efficacy as an analgesic and antiemetic for the management of cancer-related pain and treatment-r