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Trends in emerging vector-borne viral infections and their outcome in children over two decades.

This review utilizes quatitative methods and bibliometric data to analyse the trends of emerging and re-emerging vector-borne diseases, with … requently discussed in the literature. On the other hand, diseases such as Tick-borne encephalitis, Rift Valley fever, Venezuelan equine encephalitis, Sindbis fever, Venezuelan equine encephalitis, Ross River virus, and Eastern equine encephalitis showed an upward trend in publications, indicating potential resurgence. In addition to discussing trends and patterns, …

Identification and molecular characterization of Culex flavivirus in Culex quinquefasciatus (Diptera: Culicidae): first report from India.

BACKGROUND: Culex quinquefasciatus is a notorious vector known to transmit pathogens such as Wuchereria bancrofti (causing Lymphatic filariasis) and flaviviruses such as West Nile virus in India and St. Louis Encephalitis virus in the USA. It is the vector of the Rift Valley Fever virus, also on the African continent. Mosquitoes also harbor other non-pathogenic insect-specific flaviviruses (ISFs), such as Culex flavivirus (CxFV) and Aedes flavivirus. Recent studies have implicated ISFs interfering with the vectorial efficiency of the pathogenic arbo-viruses. METHODS: One hundred specimens of …

First Detection of the West Nile Virus Koutango Lineage in Sandflies in Niger.

West Nile virus (WNV), belonging to the Flaviviridae family, causes a mosquito-borne disease and shows great genetic diversity, with at least eight different lineages. The Koutango lineage of WNV (WN-KOUTV), mostly associated with ticks and rodents in the wild, is exclusively present in Africa and shows evidence of infection in humans and high virulence in mice. In 2016, in a context of Rift Valley fever (RVF) outbreak in Niger, mosquitoes, biting midges and sandflies were collected for arbovirus isolation using cell culture, immunofluorescence and RT-PCR assays. Whole genome sequencing and in…

Potential of antiviral therapy and prophylaxis for controlling RNA viral infections of livestock.

With intensification of trade, livestock are increasingly exposed to severe animal diseases caused by a range of RNA viruses. Recent prime examples include outbreaks of foot-and-mouth disease (FMD), peste des petits ruminants, Rift Valley fever and bluetongue. To minimise their impact, controlling the spread of virus is of utmost importance. Good quality, reliable vaccines exist for some, although not all, of these diseases, but suffer from a set of drawbacks, not the least of which being the time needed to trigger the immune response (i.e. "immunity-gap"). Effective, rapid control tools are, …

Evolutionary and molecular analysis of the emergent severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus.

In 2009, a novel Bunyavirus, called severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (SFTSV) was identified in the vicinity of Huaiyangshan … ent between Phlebovirus species. Further analysis reveals structural conservation between SFTSV and Rift Valley fever virus in the residues of their nucleocapsids that are responsible for oligomerisation and RNA-binding, suggesting the viruses share similar modes of higher-order assembly. We reconstruct the epidemic history of SFTSV using molecular clock and coales …

Increased Susceptibility of Cattle to Intranasal RVFV Infection.

Rift Valley Fever virus (RVFV) is a zoonotic mosquito-borne virus that belongs to the Phenuiviridae family. Infections in animal herds cause abortion storms, high mortality rates in neonates, and mild to severe symptoms. Infected animals can also transmit the virus to people, particularly people who live or work in close contact with livestock. There is currently an ongoing effort to produce safe and efficacious veterinary vaccines against RVFV in livestock to protect against both primary infection in animals and zoonotic infections in people. To test the efficacy of these vaccines it is essen…

Species-independent bioassay for sensitive quantification of antiviral type I interferons.

BACKGROUND: Studies of the host response to infection often require quantitative measurement of the antiviral type I interferons (IFN-alpha/beta) in biological samples. The amount of IFN is either determined via its ability to suppress a sensitive indicator virus, by an IFN-responding reporter cell line, or by ELISA. These assays however are either time-consuming and lack convenient readouts, or they are rather insensitive and restricted to IFN from a particular host species. RESULTS: An IFN-sensitive, Renilla luciferase-expressing Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV-Ren) was generated using revers…

Challenges in predicting climate and environmental effects on vector-borne disease episystems in a changing world.

Vector-borne pathogens cause enormous suffering to humans and animals. Many are expanding their range into new areas. Dengue, West Nile and Chikungunya have recently caused substantial human epidemics. Arthropod-borne animal diseases like Bluetongue, Rift Valley fever and African horse sickness pose substantial threats to livestock economies around the world. Climate change can impact the vector-borne disease epidemiology. Changes in climate will influence arthropod vectors, their life cycles and life histories, resulting in changes in both vector and pathogen distribution and changes in the a…

Biosensors for the detection of arthropod-borne veterinary viruses: A comprehensive review.

Veterinary arboviruses pose serious threats to animal health, especially in endemic areas. Traditional methods used for the diagnosis of the … of nanomaterials and smartphone integration. The platforms directed against Japanese encephalitis, Rift Valley fever, and African swine fever had the lowest detection limits of femtomolar and also had the capability for multiplexing. Nevertheless, the technological development of biosensors remains restricted to a few viruses only, thus revealing substantial veter …

Overexpression of cytochrome P450 and esterase genes in pyrethroid-resistant wild Culex quinquefasciatus populations from sub-Himalayan West Bengal, India.

Culex quinquefasciatus Say (Diptera: Culicidae) is an important vector that spreads a number of diseases like lymphatic filariasis, Rift Valley fever, West Nile fever, Zika virus, and Saint Louis encephalitis. Due to long-term exposure to insecticides applied during vector control programs, these mosquito populations exhibit varying degrees of resistance in response to distinct selection pressures. Therefore, it is imperative to assess their resistance status before deploying any control programs. The present study examined the resistance status of wild Cx. quinquefasciatus mosquito larvae aga…

Climate Change and the Impact on Ocular Infectious Diseases: A Narrative Review.

Climate change and global warming significantly affect the incidence and distribution of infectious ocular diseases. This narrative review e … ats for mosquitoes, facilitating the transmission of vector-borne diseases such as dengue fever and Rift Valley fever. Rising temperatures and humidity have been linked to increased rates of fungal infections, particularly fungal keratitis in tropical regions. Wind has been implicated in the airborne dispersal of pathogens, including fungal spores, T. gondii oocyst …

A system to rapidly develop a bunyavirus pseudotyped virus neutralisation assay for pandemic preparedness.

Several Bunyavirales families have been listed as being of high pandemic or epidemic risk by the WHO R&D Blueprint. To support pandemic prep … be a versatile plug-and-play system focusing on two prototype viruses for the family Phenuiviridae, Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) and for the family Nairoviridae, Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV). Shared key parameters for the production of RVFV and CCHFV PV were identified and optimised on a single-cycle, recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus vecto …

Окулярные проявления новых инфекционных заболеваний Артропод-Борна.

ЦЕЛЬ: Рассмотрение клинических особенностей, диагноза, методов лечения и прогнозов инфекционных заболеваний, переносимых артроподом. МЕТОДЫ: Настоящий доклад представляет собой описательный обзор инфекционных заболеваний, передаваемых через артропод, включая общие и офтальмологические аспекты этих инфекционных заболеваний. В период с января 1983 года по сентябрь 2020 года в базе данных PubMed был проведен всеобъемлющий обзор литературы. Был проведен обзор эпидемиологии, клинических особенностей, диагноза, лечения и прогнозирования инфекционных заболеваний, переносимых артроподом. Результаты: П

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
PURPOSE: To review the clinical features, diagnosis, treatment modalities, and prognosis of arthropod-borne infectious diseases. METHODS: T … cterial and viral agents including rickettsial disease, West Nile virus, Dengue fever, Chikungunya, Rift valley fever, and Zika virus have been associated with an array of ocular manifestations. These include anterior uveitis, retinitis, chorioretinitis, retinal vasculitis, and optic nerve involvement. Proper clinical diagnosis of any of these infectious diseases i …

Pathological findings in African buffaloes (Syncerus caffer) in South Africa.

The African buffalo (Syncerus caffer) is an iconic species of South African megafauna. As the farmed buffalo population expands, the potenti … counted for 34.9% (96/275). Abortions and neonatal deaths made up 11.6% (32/275) of necropsy cases. Rift Valley fever, bovine viral diarrhoea, malignant catarrhal fever, tuberculosis, bacterial pneumonia, anaesthetic deaths, cachexia and hepatotoxic lesions were the most common causes of death. The range of infectious, parasitic and non-infectious diseases to which …

A Review of Zoonotic Pathogens of Dromedary Camels.

Dromedary, or one-humped, camels Camelus dromedarius are an almost exclusively domesticated species that are common in arid areas as both be … (65%) focused on Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS), brucellosis, Echinococcus granulosus, and Rift Valley fever. The high fatality from MERS outbreaks during 2012-2016 elicited an immediate response from the research community as demonstrated by a surge of MERS-related publications. However, we contend that other camel-borne diseases such as Yersinia pestis, …

Biochemical and structural studies reveal differences and commonalities among cap-snatching endonucleases from segmented negative-strand RNA viruses.

Viruses rely on many host cell processes, including the cellular transcription machinery. Segmented negative-strand RNA viruses (sNSV) in pa … he context of other cap-snatching endonucleases, such as the enzymatically active endonuclease from Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV), from Arenaviridae and Bunyavirales, belonging to the His- and His+ endonucleases, respectively, according to the absence or presence of a metal ion-coordinating histidine in the active site. Mutational and metal-binding experiments rev …

Contemporary status of insecticide resistance in the major Aedes vectors of arboviruses infecting humans.

Both Aedes aegytpi and Ae. albopictus are major vectors of 5 important arboviruses (namely chikungunya virus, dengue virus, Rift Valley fever virus, yellow fever virus, and Zika virus), making these mosquitoes an important factor in the worldwide burden of infectious disease. Vector control using insecticides coupled with larval source reduction is critical to control the transmission of these viruses to humans but is threatened by the emergence of insecticide resistance. Here, we review the available evidence for the geographical distribution of insecticide resistance in these 2 major vectors…

Eradication of Transboundary Animal Diseases: Can the Rinderpest Success Story be Repeated?

A matrix system was developed to aid in the evaluation of the technical amenability to eradication, through mass vaccination, of transbounda … ups. One cluster contained only diseases transmitted by arthropods (e.g. African horse sickness and Rift Valley fever) and considered difficult to eradicate because technologies for managing parasitic arthropods on a large scale are unavailable, while a second cluster contained diseases that have been widely considered to be eradicable [rinderpest, canine rabies, t …

Disease control tools to secure animal and public health in a densely populated world.

Animal health is a prerequisite for global health, economic development, food security, food quality, and poverty reduction, while mitigatin … ntagious bovine pleuropneumonia, peste des petits ruminants, sheeppox and goatpox, avian influenza, Rift Valley fever, foot and mouth disease, and bovine tuberculosis, for the greatest impact on the UN's Sustainable Development Goals. Easy to use and accurate diagnostics are available for many animal diseases. However, there is an urgent need for the development of …