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Examining the potentials of stem cell therapy in reducing the burden of selected non-communicable diseases in Africa.

Stem cell therapy (SCT) is a promising solution for addressing health challenges in Africa, particularly non-communicable diseases (NCDs). With their regenerative potential, stem cells have the inherent capacity to differentiate into numerous cell types for tissue repair. Despite infrastructural, ethical, and legal challenges, SCT holds immense promise for managing chronic illnesses and deep-seated tissue injuries. The rising prevalence of NCDs in Africa highlights the need for innovative strategies and treatment options. SCT offers hope in combating conditions like burns, osteoarthritis, diab

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… Numerous MSC transplantation strategies, including autologous and allogeneic methods, as well as the application of the MSC secretome, have been investigated in studies [ 111 ]. …

Chronic Kidney Disease: Strategies to Retard Progression.

Chronic kidney disease (CKD), defined as the presence of irreversible structural or functional kidney damages, increases the risk of poor outcomes due to its association with multiple complications, including altered mineral metabolism, anemia, metabolic acidosis, and increased cardiovascular events. The mainstay of treatments for CKD lies in the prevention of the development and progression of CKD as well as its complications. Due to the heterogeneous origins and the uncertainty in the pathogenesis of CKD, efficacious therapies for CKD remain challenging. In this review, we focus on the follo

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… Tubular cells with partial EMT can also activate fibroblasts and recruit inflammatory cells via the secretome composed of growth factors, chemokines, and cytokines, subsequently aggravating fibrosis [ 20 ]. …

Soluble Biomarkers of Osteoporosis and Osteoarthritis, from Pathway Mapping to Clinical Trials: An Update.

Serum biomarkers of osteoarticular diseases have been in the limelight of current clinical research trends. Laboratory validation of defined and candidate biomarkers for both osteoarthritis and osteoporosis is of key importance for future decisional algorithms in the diagnosis, monitoring, and prognosis of these diseases. The current guidelines recommend the use of collagen degradation remnants, eg, CTX-I and CTX-II, in the complementary diagnosis of both osteoporosis and osteoarthritis. Besides the collagen degradation markers, enzymes that regulate bone and articular metabolism are useful in

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… Proteomic studies were initiated to explore the sera, synovial fluid, the cartilage and chondrocyte secretome of OA patients, for a better understanding of disease mechanisms and definition of diagnostic and prognostic biomarker panels. 63 , 64 Clinical OA biomarker studies, in general, suffer from a …

Abstracts of the 3rd International Conference on Cancer Cachexia, September 23–25, 2016 in Washington, DC, USA

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… In an unbiased differential secretome analysis of colon cancer cells combined with high‐throughput cardiomyocyte phenotyping, we defined a set of tumor‐secreted mediators with cachexia‐inducing capacities. …

S100A4 in Cancer Metastasis: Wnt Signaling-Driven Interventions for Metastasis Restriction.

The aberrant activity of Wnt signaling is an early step in the transformation of normal intestinal cells to malignant tissue, leading to more aggressive tumors, and eventually metastases. In colorectal cancer (CRC), metastasis accounts for about 90% of patient deaths, representing the most lethal event during the course of the disease and is directly linked to patient survival, critically limiting successful therapy. This review focuses on our studies of the metastasis-inducing gene S100A4, which we identified as transcriptional target of β-catenin. S100A4 increased migration and invasion in v

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… Comparative secretome analysis of epithelial and mesenchymal subpopulations of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma identifies S100A4 as a potential therapeutic target Mol. Cell. Proteomics 2013 12 3778 3792 10.1074/mcp.M113.029587 24037664 PMC3861723 51. Sung R. Kang L. Han J.-H. Choi J.-W. …

Cancer-Induced Cardiac Dysfunction: Mechanisms, Diagnostics, and Emerging Therapeutics in the Era of Onco-Cardiology.

Cancer-induced cardiac dysfunction has become a major clinical challenge as advances in cancer therapies continue to extend patient survival. Once regarded as a secondary concern, cardiotoxicity is now recognized as a leading contributor to morbidity and mortality among cancer patients and survivors. Its pathophysiology is multifactorial, involving systemic inflammation (e.g., TNF-α, IL-6), oxidative stress driven by reactive oxygen species (ROS), neurohormonal imbalances (e.g., angiotensin II, endothelin-1), and metabolic disturbances. These mechanisms collectively promote cardiomyocyte apopt

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… While there was evidence of clinical improvement, this was not related to the replacement of new cardiomyocytes, but as is currently acknowledged, due to the paracrine effects of the cell’s secretome (microvesicles and secreted bioactive mediators). …

Многомерное профилирование и модели риска, основанные на клиническом развертывании АИ, в МГУС и миеломе.

Моноклональная гаммопатия неопределённого значения (MGUS), храпающая миелома (SMM) и множественная миелома (MM) образуют континуум расстройств плазменных клеток, причем прогрессировать от MGUS до MM трудно предсказать. Нынешние модели стратификации риска, в значительной степени основанные на клинических, лабораторных и цитогенетических маркерах, не отражают молекулярную сложность, лежащую в основе развития заболеваний, что ограничивает их прогнозную точность. Последние достижения в области мультиомики, включая геномику, транскриптомику, протеомику и метаболомику, позволили глубже понять молеку

Interleukin-32: a Pandora's box in human immunodeficiency virus infection.

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), which causes acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), has been estimated to infect around 40.8 million people globally. This virus can persist and thrive in the presence of antiretroviral therapy, which is a major obstacle to HIV eradication. Therefore, understanding host immunological factors that underlie HIV persistence and pathogenesis can lead to the development of immunotherapeutic interventions. Interleukin-32 (IL-32) is an orphan cytokine with multiple isoforms and a complex signal transduction pathway that transmits through non-specific receptors.

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… Transcriptomic and functional evidence that mirna193a-3p inhibits lymphatic endothelial cell (Lec) and lec + Mcf-7 spheroid growth directly and by altering mcf-7 secretome . Cells . ( 2023 ) 12 . doi: 10.3390/cells12030389 , PMID: 36766731 PMC9913637 61 Li J Lin TY Chen L Liu Y Dian MJ Hao WC . …

The role of MSCs and CAR-MSCs in cellular immunotherapy.

Chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) are widely used by T cells (CAR-T cells), natural killer cells dendritic cells and macrophages, and they are of great importance in cellular immunotherapy. However, the use of CAR-related products faces several challenges, including the poor persistence of cells carrying CARs, cell dysfunction or exhaustion, relapse of disease, immune effector cell-associated neurotoxicity syndrome, cytokine release syndrome, low efficacy against solid tumors and immunosuppression by the tumor microenvironment. Another important cell therapy regimen involves mesenchymal stem c

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… Mesenchymal stem cell secretome: toward cell-free therapeutic strategies in regenerative medicine. Int J Mol Sci. 2017;18(9):1852. doi: 10.3390/ijms18091852. 56. Lin L, Du L. The role of secreted factors in stem cells-mediated immune regulation. …

Exosomes and organ-specific metastasis.

The transmission of information between tumor cells and other cell types in the tumor microenvironment plays an important role in tumor metastasis and is critically modulated by exosomes and other mediators. Tumor-derived exosomes can promote epithelial-mesenchymal transition, angiogenesis, immune escape, formation of the pre-metastatic microenvironment, and transmission of drug-resistant molecules, thereby promoting tumor growth, invasion, and metastasis. Integrins are important regulatory molecules on exosomes that can locate metastatic cells at the initial stage of metastasis and show good

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… Loss of Sirtuin 1 Alters the Secretome of Breast Cancer Cells by Impairing Lysosomal Integrity. Dev. Cell. 2019;49:393–408.e7. doi: 10.1016/j.devcel.2019.03.011. 62. Kia V., Paryan M., Mortazavi Y., Biglari A., Mohammadi-Yeganeh S. …

Targeting Cellular Senescence in Aging and Age-Related Diseases: Challenges, Considerations, and the Emerging Role of Senolytic and Senomorphic Therapies.

Cellular senescence is characterized by the permanent arrest of cell proliferation and is a response to endogenous and exogenous stress. The continuous accumulation of senescent cells (SnCs) in the body leads to the development of aging and age-related diseases (such as neurodegenerative diseases, cancer, metabolic diseases, cardiovascular diseases, and osteoarthritis). In the face of the growing challenge of aging and age-related diseases, several compounds have received widespread attention for their potential to target SnCs. As a result, senolytics (compounds that selectively eliminate SnCs

The Fifth International Meeting of ISEV, ISEV2016, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, 4 - 7 May, 2016.

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… study includes (i) cell morphological analysis by photonic microscopy, (ii) transcriptomic study by RT-qPCR, (iii) flow cytometric analysis of the expression of specific makers (phenotypic DC and co-stimulatory markers), (iv) a preliminary DC functional study by western blotting (IDO) and finally (v) a secretome …

Harnessing the Therapeutic Potential of Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Cancer Treatment.

Cancer, as a complicated disease, is considered to be one of the major leading causes of death globally. Although various cancer therapeutic strategies have been established, however, some issues confine the efficacies of the treatments. In recent decades researchers for finding efficient therapeutic solutions have extensively focused on the abilities of stem cells in cancer inhibition. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent stromal cells that can the most widely extracted from various sources such as the bone marrow (BM), placenta, umbilical cord (UC), menses blood, Wharton's jelly (WJ

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… A proinflammatory secretome mediates the impaired immunopotency of human mesenchymal stromal cells in elderly patients with atherosclerosis. Stem Cells Transl Med. 2017;6(4):1132–40. doi: 10.1002/sctm.16-0221. 177. Zhang Y, Ravikumar M, Ling L, Nurcombe V, Cool SM. …

Иммунометаболизм в старении мозга и нейродегенерации: преодоление метаболических путей и иммунные ответные меры.

Сложный набор взаимодействий между иммунной системой и метаболизмом, известный как иммунометаболизм, стал критическим регулятором последствий заболеваний в центральной нервной системе. В ходе многочисленных исследований метаболические расстройства увязывались с ослабленной иммунной реакцией при старении мозга, нейродегенеративных расстройствах и травме мозга. В этом обзоре мы обсудим вопрос о том, как нарушения баланса иммунометаболизма мозга способствуют патофизиологии дисфункции мозга. В первой части обзора резюмируется вклад таких критических групп иммунной клетки, как микроглии, астроциты,

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… The senescence-associated secretome as an indicator of age and medical risk . JCI Insight . doi: 10.1172/jci.insight.133668 . PMC7406245 32554926 [18] Boothby M , Rickert RC ( 2017 ). Metabolic Regulation of the Immune Humoral Response . …

Oxidative Stress Linking Obesity and Cancer: Is Obesity a 'Radical Trigger' to Cancer?

Obesity is on the rise worldwide, and consequently, obesity-related non-communicable diseases are as well. Nutritional overload induces metabolic adaptations in an attempt to restore the disturbed balance, and the byproducts of the mechanisms at hand include an increased generation of reactive species. Obesity-related oxidative stress causes damage to vulnerable systems and ultimately contributes to neoplastic transformation. Dysfunctional obese adipose tissue releases cytokines and induces changes in the cell microenvironment, promoting cell survival and progression of the transformed cancer

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… Adipocyte Secretome Increases Radioresistance of Malignant Melanocytes by Improving Cell Survival and Decreasing Oxidative Status Radiat. Res. 2017 187 581 588 10.1667/RR14551.1 28362167 180. Okunogbe A. Nugent R. Spencer G. Powis J. Ralston J. Wilding J. …

Senescent T cells: Beneficial and detrimental roles.

As the thymus involutes during aging, the T-cell pool has to be maintained by the periodic expansion of preexisting T cells during adulthood. A conundrum is that repeated episodes of activation and proliferation drive the differentiation of T cells toward replicative senescence, due to telomere erosion. This review discusses mechanisms that regulate the end-stage differentiation (senescence) of T cells. Although these cells, within both CD4 and CD8 compartments, lose proliferative activity after antigen-specific challenge, they acquire innate-like immune function. While this may confer broad i

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… Senescence‐messaging secretome: SMS‐ing cellular stress. Nat Rev Cancer. 2009;9(2):81‐94. doi: 10.1038/nrc2560 9. Akbar AN, Henson SM, Lanna A. Senescence of T lymphocytes: implications for enhancing human immunity. Trends Immunol. 2016;37(12):866‐876. doi: 10.1016/j.it.2016.09.002 10. …

In vitro models of breast cancer bone metastasis: analyzing drug resistance through the lens of the microenvironment.

Even though breast cancers usually have a good outcome compared to other tumors, the cancer can progress and create metastases in different parts of the organism, the bone being a predilection locus. These metastases are usually the cause of death, as they are mostly resistant to treatments. This resistance can be caused by intrinsic properties of the tumor, such as its heterogeneity, but it can also be due to the protective role of the microenvironment. By activating signaling pathways protecting cancer cells when exposed to chemotherapy, contributing to their ability to reach dormancy, or ev

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… The effect of marrow secretome and culture environment on the rate of metastatic breast cancer cell migration in two and three dimensions - PubMed. Available at: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33689396/. 100. Zarrer J, Haider MT, Smit DJ, Taipaleenmäki H. …

Time to evolve: predicting engineered T cell-associated toxicity with next-generation models.

Despite promising clinical results in a small subset of malignancies, therapies based on engineered chimeric antigen receptor and T-cell receptor T cells are associated with serious adverse events, including cytokine release syndrome and neurotoxicity. These toxicities are sometimes so severe that they significantly hinder the implementation of this therapeutic strategy. For a long time, existing preclinical models failed to predict severe toxicities seen in human clinical trials after engineered T-cell infusion. However, in recent years, there has been a concerted effort to develop models, in

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… . | Extension of the technology within the plasma membrane proteome and the secretome | Target antigen expression measurement (via immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining) | Ease of implementation | Often predefined to certain tissues. Lack sensitivity. …

Calcium Signalling in Breast Cancer Associated Bone Pain.

Calcium (Ca2+) is involved as a signalling mediator in a broad variety of physiological processes. Some of the fastest responses in human body like neuronal action potential firing, to the slowest gene transcriptional regulation processes are controlled by pathways involving calcium signalling. Under pathological conditions these mechanisms are also involved in tumoral cells reprogramming, resulting in the altered expression of genes associated with cell proliferation, metastatisation and homing to the secondary metastatic site. On the other hand, calcium exerts a central function in nocicepti

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… CABP aetiology is multifactorial, being the result of nociceptive nerve compression from growing tumour cells and micro-fractures, together with a complex inflammatory signalling and altered secretome niche, leading to increased bone innervation and to peripheral and central sensitisation [ 135 , 136 …

Inflammaging, an Imbalanced Immune Response That Needs to Be Restored for Cancer Prevention and Treatment in the Elderly.

Nowadays, new advances in society and health have brought an increased life expectancy. However, at the same time, aging comes with complications that impact the development of autoimmunity, neurodegenerative diseases and cancer. These complications affect the quality of life and impact the public health system. Specifically, with aging, a low-grade chronic sterile systemic inflammation with self-reactivity in the absence of acute infection occurs termed inflammaging. Inflammaging is related to an imbalanced immune response that can be either naturally acquired with aging or accelerated due to

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… A Proteomic Atlas of Senescence-Associated Secretomes for Aging Biomarker Development. PLoS Biol. 2020;18:e3000599. doi: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3000599. 33. Zenaro E., Piacentino G., Constantin G. The Blood-Brain Barrier in Alzheimer’s Disease. Neurobiol. …