Результаты поиска

The effect of a therapy dog on the communication skills of an adult with aphasia.

UNLABELLED: Little evidence-based research has been published within the field of communication disorders on the role of dogs as catalysts for human communication. This single participant study, a point of entry into this realm of research, explores the effects of a therapy dog on the communication skills of a patient with aphasia receiving intensive speech and language therapy within a rehabilitation setting. The researchers conclude that the presence of the dog does have the potential to stimulate both overt social-verbal and social-nonverbal communication. LEARNING OUTCOMES: As a result of

Attention deficits in children with 22q.11 deletion syndrome.

This study examined attention abilities of children with 22q.11 deletion syndrome. Thirty children (14 males, 16 females; age range 7 to 13y) were given comprehensive neuropsychological and neuropsychiatric assessments. Learning disability was found in 13 children. Superiority in verbal over performance IQ was very common. Attention-deficit-hyperactivity disorder (mainly of inattentive subtype) was diagnosed in 13 children. There appeared to be a relation between low IQ and presence of autism spectrum problems. The presence of attention deficits was clearly supported by the scores on the Child

Asperger syndrome: a simple matter of white matter?

Asperger syndrome, one of the Pervasive Developmental Disorders, is formally diagnosed on the basis of a cluster of cognitive, social and motor signs. It is also associated with poor visuo-spatial skills, good verbal performance, gauche social behaviour and clumsiness. Many of the difficulties evident in those with Asperger syndrome are closely associated with right-hemisphere dysfunction. In this respect they also resemble signs used to diagnose what has been labelled Nonverbal Learning Disorder. Here, these are treated as being the same or closely-related disorders with a possible common und…

Neuropsychological comparison of alcohol-exposed children with or without physical features of fetal alcohol syndrome.

Fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) is associated with behavioral and cognitive deficits. However, the majority of children born to alcohol-abusing … ted that, relative to controls, both the FAS and the PEA groups were impaired on tests of language, verbal learning and memory, academic skills, fine-motor speed, and visual-motor integration. These data suggest that heavy prenatal alcohol exposure is related to a consistent pattern of neuropsychological deficits and the degree of these deficits may be independen …

For better or for worse: left-handedness, pathology, and talent.

Geschwind and his colleagues have hypothesized that left-handedness may be a marker for anomalous dominance and is associated with certain immune disorders, learning disorders, and special talents. The few relevant studies done to date have yielded somewhat mixed findings, and little had been done to study the relationship of relevant findings to the definition of handedness employed in a given study. The present study assessed the association between handedness and a variety of disorders, talents, and skills in subjects and their parents and siblings. Results showed that mathematical, artisti

Neuropsychological impairment following inorganic arsenic exposure.

A 50-year-old chemical engineer, routinely screened for occupational arsenic exposure, was admitted with a delirium for which no known etiology was found. Elevated levels of arsenic were found in the urine and hair. The patient received chelation treatment with British anti-Lewisite; substantial amounts of arsenic were excreted and the toxic encephalopathy improved gradually over the 8-month follow-up period. The patient was tested at 6 weeks, 4 months, and 8 months postdelirium with a battery of neuropsychological tasks. The pattern of results showed verbal learning and memory to be severely …

Home-delivered transcranial direct current stimulation with or without cognitive training in mild dementia due to Alzheimer's disease.

BackgroundTranscranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) and cognitive training are non-pharmacological interventions for cognitive impairme … tive conditions showed greater change from baseline than sham tDCS in MMSE, Memory Alteration Test, verbal learning, total verbal recall, and delayed recall. The combined condition also showed greater change than sham tDCS in initial immediate recall and Forward Digit Span. No significant differences were observed between the two active conditions.ConclusionsActi …

Cognitive and structural brain changes in ofatumumab-treated multiple sclerosis: A longitudinal study.

Anti-CD20 therapies control inflammatory activity in multiple sclerosis (MS), but their effects on neurodegeneration and cognition in real-w … increases in verbal and visuospatial memory (Brief Visuospatial Memory Test-Revised and California Verbal Learning Test-Second Edition, p< 0.05). No global longitudinal structure-cognition association was observed. In subgroups, thalamic atrophy was associated with SDMT decline in patients with Expanded Disability Status Scale ≥3 (β= -54.31; p= 0.013), and DGM a …

Pathological Aging of Patients With Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: A Preliminary Longitudinal Study.

OBJECTIVE: This longitudinal study investigated pathological brain aging in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) by evaluating disparities between chronological age and deep learning-derived brain structure age (BSA) and exploring associations with cognitive and functional decline. METHODS: Ten limb-onset ALS patients (seven males) and 10 demographically matched healthy controls (HCs) underwent structural magnetic resonance imaging (sMRI) and cognitive assessments at baseline and follow-up. The BSA was estimated using the validated volBrain platform. Cognitive domains (language, verbal fluency

Neurodevelopmental Disorders, Cognitive Function, and Quality of Life in Children with Congenital Hypothyroidism in a Portuguese Population.

OBJECTIVE: Although neonatal screening programs have reduced severe intellectual disability, children with congenital hypothyroidism (CH) are still at risk for neurodevelopmental deficits and a lower quality of life (QoL). The aim of this study was to evaluate cognitive profiles, prevalence of neurodevelopmental disorders, and QoL in children with CH. METHODS: A longitudinal study was conducted at the northern reference endocrinology unit for CH in Portugal. Cognitive assessments were performed at four time points using standardized intelligence scales. Diagnoses of attention deficit hyperact

Verbal memory dysfunction in substance use and gambling addictive disorders: a comparative analysis of performance accuracy and error typologies.

Addiction is increasingly recognized as a disorder involving not only reward dysregulation but also alterations in core cognitive processes, including learning and memory. Although various studies have documented memory impairments in substance use and behavioral addictions, evidence remains inconsistent-particularly regarding verbal memory deficits and the diagnostic relevance of specific recall error types. This study investigated immediate and delayed verbal memory performance and error patterns in 515 individuals, including patients with stimulant use disorder, alcohol use disorder, cannab

Long-term cognitive outcome in dural arteriovenous fistula after embolization therapy.

Patients with dural arteriovenous fistulas (DAVF) suffer from cognitive impairments that go often unrecognized. This study aimed to explore … cognitive scores across all domains (Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination [m-ACE], the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test [RAVLT], the Wechsler Memory Scale, digit span forward and backward tests, and the Trail Making Test Parts A and B) in the DAVF group compared to healthy controls (p < .001). Post embolization, the m-ACE (p < .001), RAVLT (p = .04), WMS-verbal …

Relations of hippocampal and ventricle volumes to Memory Outcomes in the Management of Myelomeningocele Study (MOMS) prenatal surgery clinical trial.

OBJECTIVE: Many individuals with spina bifida myelomeningocele perform poorly on memory tasks, with hippocampal damage a possible mechanism. … a, and lateral ventricles were quantified using FreeSurfer. Memory was assessed with the California Verbal Learning Test-Children and Children's Memory Scale. RESULTS: Children who received prenatal surgery did not differ from children who received postnatal surgery on memory performance. However, within the prenatal group, children who did not meet clinical cri …

Differentiating Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder from other neurodevelopmental disorders: neurocognitive and socio-emotional evidence.

BACKGROUND: Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD) is associated with widespread cognitive, behavioral, and adaptive impairments. Its clinical presentation often overlaps with other neurodevelopmental conditions (ND), such as learning disorders (LD) or Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), making differential diagnosis challenging. Although syndrome-specific cognitive patterns have been suggested, a distinctive neurocognitive profile of FASD remains inconclusive. METHOD: Seventy-six children (46 with FASD and 30 with ND), aged 6-15 years (M = 11.00, SD = 2.30), completed a comprehe

Beyond neuropsychological tests: AI speech analysis in PKU.

Phenylketonuria (PKU) is a rare inherited metabolic disorder characterized by toxic phenylalanine (Phe) concentrations in blood and brain. State-of-the-art analyses of speech detected a dimension of verbal discourse providing insights that extend beyond those captured by existing paradigms to measure performance associated with biochemical markers in PKU. The Cookie Theft Picture Task provided a standardized stimulus for eliciting spontaneous speech from 42 adults with PKU and 41 adults without PKU. Subtests measuring language and memory from the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Fourth Editio

Lesion-Based Disconnectome Explains Cognitive Outcomes in Multiple Sclerosis.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Cognitive impairment is common and disabling in multiple sclerosis (MS), yet poorly explained by lesion burden. This study aimed to determine whether the indirect impact of lesions, quantified through disconnectomes, explains multidomain cognitive deficits more effectively than lesion load, and to identify specific white matter tracts underlying these deficits. METHODS: Thirty adults with MS completed the Brief International Cognitive Assessment for MS, covering processing speed (Symbol Digit Modalities Test; SDMT), verbal memory (California Verbal Learning Test-II; CV…

От адаптивного к неадаптационному гиппокампальному функциональному соединению в состоянии отдыха в течение нескольких склерозов для понимания нарушения памяти.

СПРАВОЧНАЯ ИНФОРМАЦИЯ: Остается неясным, каким образом изменения функциональных связей в состоянии покоя (RSF) в гиппокампе изменяют негативное воздействие повреждений белой материи (WM) на эффективность памяти в ходе множественных склерозов (MS). В ходе этого исследования изучается вопрос о том, влияют ли изменения гиппокампала resFC на каждой клинической стадии MS на эффективность памяти. Это перекрестное исследование охватывало 109 человек: 30 здоровых и 79 пациентов (20 с синдромом клинической или радиологической изоляции (CIS-RIS), 24 с релапсирующим MS (RRMS) и 35 с прогрессивным MS (PMS

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
BACKGROUND: It remains unclear how resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) changes in the hippocampus modulate the negative impact of w … RRMS) and 35 with progressive MS (PMS)). Verbal memory was assessed using a modified Rey's Auditory Verbal Learning Test. Magnetic resonance imaging measured WM lesions and hippocampal rsFC. Between-group memory differences were analyzed using linear regression, while rsFC differences using ANOVA and two-sample t-tests. Final regression models tested whether hipp …

Neuropsychiatric outcomes following strokes involving the cerebellum: a retrospective cohort study.

INTRODUCTION: Given the wide-ranging involvement of cerebellar activity in motor, cognitive, and affective functions, clinical outcomes resu … in performance were detected in the word and color sub-scales of the Stroop task, the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test, and the Lafayette Grooved Pegboard Test. DISCUSSION: It is well established that the acute phase of cerebellar vascular accidents can be life-threatening, largely due to brainstem compression. In the chronic phase, our findings indicate that …

Factors influencing cognitive function in patients with Huntington's disease from China: A cross-sectional clinical study.

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Huntington's disease (HD) is an autosomal dominant inherited neurodegenerative disorder caused by CAG repeats expansion. … ymbol digit modalities test (SDMT), trail making test (TMT), verbal fluency test (VFT), and Hopkins verbal learning test-revised, as well as motor and psychiatric assessment. Pearson correlation and multiple linear regression models were applied to investigate the correlation. RESULTS: Only 41.46% of patients had normal global function first come to our center. …

Neurocognitive and Psychosocial Characteristics of Pediatric Patients With Post-Acute/Long-COVID: A Retrospective Clinical Case Series.

OBJECTIVE: Studies suggest a large number of patients have persistent symptoms following COVID-19 infection-a condition termed "long COVID." … ry assessed verbal fluency and category switching, attention, working memory, processing speed, and verbal learning and memory. Patients' caregivers also completed standardized questionnaires regarding day-to-day mood and behavior. RESULTS: At intake, the most common neurologic symptoms reported by caregivers were attention problems (83.3%), fatigue/lethargy (77 …