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Research Progress in Traditional Chinese Medicine Intervention of Autophagy in the Treatment of Osteoporosis.

Osteoporosis, a common and high-incidence bone disease, is characterized by low bone density and degradation of bone microstructure. Its pathogenesis is intricate, with the imbalance of osteoblast and osteoclast functions being a core element and abnormal autophagy also serving as a key pathogenic factor. This paper delves into the intrinsic link between the pathological mechanisms of osteoporosis and autophagy. It comprehensively outlines the manifestations of bone metabolic imbalance, interprets the normal physiological role of autophagy in bone metabolism, and explores the abnormal changes …

Stage-dependent Expression of Autophagy-related Genes in Patients With Knee Osteoarthritis.

BACKGROUND/AIM: Autophagy plays a crucial role in maintaining cellular homeostasis and has been implicated in the pathogenesis of knee osteoarthritis (OA). However, data on radiographic stage-dependent transcriptional variation of autophagy-related genes in patients with knee OA, particularly using peripheral blood samples, remain limited. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether disease severity was associated with stage-dependent changes in the expression of selected autophagy-related genes within a patient cohort. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A total of 200 patients diagnosed with knee OA we…

The effects of LINC00324 on cell proliferation, migration, and invasion via autophagy in melanoma.

Cutaneous melanoma is a highly aggressive malignant neoplasm. Increasing evidence has suggested that lncRNAs exerts regulatory effects on melanoma proliferation and metastasis. However, the role of LINC00324 in melanoma remains unclear. A review of existing literature revealed that LINC00324 is highly expressed and exhibits oncogenic functions in most tumors. In our study, LINC00324 was found to show low expression in melanoma tissues and cell lines. Subsequently, we measured cell proliferation, migration, invasion and autophagy-related markers. Additionally, the AKT/mTOR signaling pathway was…

The multifaceted regulation of autophagy protein ATG16L1 and its implications in human diseases.

ATG16L1 (autophagy related 16 like 1) is a core macroautophagy/autophagy protein essential for autophagosome formation. It also functions in non-canonical autophagy pathways such as LC3-associated phagocytosis (LAP) and in other processes including immunity, inflammation, and membrane trafficking. This review synthesizes recent advances and proposes that ATG16L1 functions as a central molecular integrator governed by a multi-layered regulatory code. This framework includes genetic polymorphisms, transcriptional control, and diverse post-transcriptional and post-translational mechanisms. We det…

Retinal ganglion cell autophagy: a housekeeper essential for neuronal homeostasis and survival.

Retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) are the sole projection neurons of the retina and the only direct link between retinal circuitry and the brain. Maintaining this lifelong connection requires constitutive autophagy to preserve organelle quality control and neuronal homeostasis. Although autophagy has been widely studied following ocular hypertension and optic nerve injury, its physiological role in healthy RGCs has remained unclear. We have recently revealed that basal autophagy is highly active in RGCs and that conditional deletion of Atg5 or Atg7 is sufficient to induce progressive RGC dysfuncti…

Autophagy in testicular physiology and male fertility: Mechanisms, dysregulation, and translational opportunities.

Autophagy is a highly conserved intracellular degradation pathway that plays a central role in maintaining testicular homeostasis and male reproductive function. This review summarises recent advances in the understanding of autophagy in the testis, with particular emphasis on its roles in Sertoli cells, Leydig cells, and germ cells, as well as its regulatory mechanisms and implications for male infertility. Autophagy contributes to key processes, including spermatogenesis, spermiogenesis, blood-testis barrier integrity, and steroidogenesis, through coordinated organelle turnover and cellular …

Identification and validation of autophagy-related genes in keratoconus and their correlation with immune infiltration.

Keratoconus (KCN) is a bilateral and asymmetric cornea disease. Autophagy plays an important role in homeostasis by protecting cells against stress. However, the roles of autophagy-related genes (ARGs) in KCN remains unclear. Hence, this study aimed to identify the signatures of ARGs of KCN and explore their correlation with immune infiltration. Transcriptional data and clinical information of patients with KCN were downloaded from the profile data GSE112155 and GSE151631. Functional analysis was used to reflect the biological functions, and weighted gene co-expression network analysis was app…

Combined Transcriptomic and Proteomic Profiling Uncovers Developmental Dynamics of Autophagy in the Cortex.

Background/Objectives: Autophagy is an evolutionarily conserved degradation and recycling pathway through which cells deliver cytoplasmic components, including toxic or damaged proteins and organelles, to lysosomes for clearance. In neurons, which are largely post-mitotic, degradative pathways are essential to prevent the accumulation of cellular waste and to maintain nutrient and energy homeostasis. Increasing evidence suggests that autophagy plays a critical role during early brain development, when neuronal circuits are established, synaptic connections are refined, and activity-dependent m…

Transcriptional and epigenetic regulation of autophagy: mechanisms, disease relevance and therapeutic opportunities.

Autophagy is a tightly regulated catabolic process that is essential for cellular homeostasis, stress adaptation, and metabolic balance. Its dysregulation has been implicated in a wide range of diseases, including cancer, neurodegenerative disorders, metabolic syndromes, muscular diseases, and infections. Recent studies have revealed the central roles of transcription factors, including TFEB, FOXO family members, p53, and NF-κB, in orchestrating autophagy through their direct regulation of lysosome-related genes. These factors often interact with epigenetic regulators such as histone acetyltra…

Effects of dust exposure on IGF1 and autophagy related to coal workers' pneumoconiosis.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the correlated factors of pneumoconiosis in coal miners, and explore the potential regulatory mechanism of insulin-lik … s. The expression levels of inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IL-1β), polypeptide growth factor (IGF1), autophagy marker proteins (LC3, P62) and intracellular signaling kinases (PI3K, AKT, mTOR) were detected. Logistic regression analysis was applied to identify pneumoconiosis correlated factors, and bioinformatics analysis was performed to clarify the regulato …

Molecular switches of SQSTM1: the impact of post-translational modifications on autophagy and neurodegeneration.

SQSTM1/p62 (sequestosome 1) is an important receptor protein involved in many cellular signaling processes, including macroautophagy/autophagy. It is a molecular hub for cellular homeostasis and cellular responses. Within autophagy, SQSTM1 targets ubiquitinated cargo for degradation, maintaining cellular proteostasis. Structurally, SQSTM1 consists of several domains that facilitate its binding to ubiquitinated cargo, the formation of SQSTM1 aggregate inclusions, interactions with MAP1LC3/LC3, and the mediation of clearance via the autophagy pathway. Beyond its structure, post-translational mod…

Autophagy in tuberculosis: advances, translational gaps, and the promise of host-directed therapies.

Tuberculosis (TB) is still a major global health threat, worsened by the advancement of multidrug-resistant and extensively drug-resistant strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). Autophagy is a natural degradation and immune process that plays a critical role in the defence against intracellular pathogens, including Mtb. However, Mtb has developed complex mechanisms to evade autophagy by modulating phagosome-lysosome fusion, inhibiting xenophagy, and modifying host signaling pathways, including mTORC1 and AMPK, thereby suppressing epigenetically autophagy-related genes. These immune evasi…

Myelodysplastic neoplasms are inhibited by Brefeldin A through endoplasmic reticulum stress and autophagy.

Myelodysplastic neoplasms (MDS) are a clonal malignant bone marrow disease with high heterogeneity and a high risk of transformation into ac … e the effects of BFA on MDS cell proliferation, cell cycle, endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS), and autophagy. The in vivo anti-tumor validation was conducted using mouse xenograft models. The results showed that BFA significantly inhibited the proliferation of MDS cell lines and patient-derived bone marrow mononuclear cells (BMMCs). Mechanistically, BFA ac …

Autophapy-NLRP3 Inflammasome Crosstalk в Микроглии: терапевтическая цель для множественного склероза.

Множественный склероз (МС) затрагивает приблизительно 2,9 млн. человек во всем мире, и для предотвращения развития заболеваний решающее значение имеет адресация белка рецептора 3 (NLRP3) воспаления и микроглиальной автофагии. Микроглия способствует началу и развитию НР путем сохранения подстрекательских реакций и удаления клеточного мусора. Автофагия может поддерживать клеточный гомеостаз и смягчать подстрекательскую реакцию в центральной нервной системе (СНС). Автофагия является важным механизмом клеточной деградации и циркуляции, который помогает поддерживать клеточную гомеостазу и смягчать

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
Multiple sclerosis (MS) affects approximately 2.9 million people globally, and targeting the nod-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome and microglial autophagy is critical for preventing disease development. Microglia contribute to the onset and progression of MS by maintaining inflammatory reactions and removing cellular debris. Autophagy can maintai…

Navigating the neuronal recycling bin: Another look at huntingtin in coordinating autophagy.

Neurons, as post-mitotic and long-lived cells, rely heavily on autophagy to maintain cellular homoeostasis and ensure proper function. Huntingtin (HTT), a protein central to Huntington's disease (HD), has emerged as a putative multifunctional regulator within the neuronal autophagy-lysosome pathway. This review explores normal HTT's multifaceted role in neuronal autophagy, from its potential involvement in autophagy induction, its capacity to influence cargo recognition and autophagosome formation, and its contribution to autophagosome-lysosome fusion and transport. We also discuss the unique …

Restoration of Autophagy and Apoptosis in Myelodysplastic Syndromes: The Effect of Azacitidine in Disease Pathogenesis.

Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDSs) comprise a diverse group of clonal hematopoietic stem cell disorders characterized by ineffective hematopoiesis, cytopenia in the peripheral blood, and an increased risk of transformation into acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Despite extensive research, the mechanisms underlying MDS pathogenesis remain unclear. In the present study, we explored the role of autophagy and apoptosis in the development of MDS and assessed the impact of azacitidine on these processes in vitro. First, we assessed the expression of proteins involved in both autophagic and apoptotic pathw…

Dietary stress triggers autophagy and apoptotic signalling pathways in the rat ovary.

Dieting is a global emerging trend in recent years as more people strive to adhere to food restriction plans for weight management in obese people and to achieve desired slim body. This strategy may have unforeseen repercussions in females that may affect reproductive potential. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the impact of dietary stress on reproductive hormone levels, histoarchitecture of the ovary, autophagy and apoptosis markers in the rat ovary. Data suggest that dietary stress caused due to food deprivation decreased body weight and ovary weight, luteinising hormone, follicular-stimul…

Targeting NCAPD2 as a Therapeutic Strategy for Crohn's Disease: Implications for Autophagy and Inflammation.

BACKGROUND: Our earlier studies identified that non-SMC condensin I complex subunit D2 (NCAPD2) induces inflammation through the IKK/NF-κB p … opment of TNBS-induced intestinal inflammation in mice. In addition, we found that NCAPD2 inhibited autophagy. Mechanistically, NCAPD2 promoted the phosphorylation of mammalian target of the rapamycin (mTOR) and its direct effector S6K and downregulated the expression of autophagy-related proteins Beclin1, LC3II, and Atg5. In addition, NCAPD2 activates the …

[Development of Immunotherapy to Target Autophagy‒Dependent Immune Evasion in Pancreatic Cancer].

Autophagy has recently been shown to promote the immune evasion in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) via lysosomal degradation of MHC‒Ⅰ. Since PDAC shows high levels of basal autophagy, autophagy has been proposed as a tumor‒specific target in combination with immunotherapy. We have developed an oncolytic adenovirus OBP‒702 carrying the tumor suppressor gene p53 and have demonstrated its therapeutic potential to induce cytopathic effect and activate antitumor immunity via p53 induction. In this study, we investigated the role of autophagy inhibition to promote the efficacy of OBP‒702 in …