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Longitudinal neurostimulation in older adults improves working memory.

An increasing concern affecting a growing aging population is working memory (WM) decline. Consequently, there is great interest in improvin … hese results demonstrate that tDCS-linked WM training can provide long-term benefits in maintaining cognitive training benefits and extending them to untrained tasks.

Increased parietal activity after training of interference control.

Recent studies suggest that computerized cognitive training leads to improved performance in related but untrained tasks (i.e. transfer effects). However, most study designs prevent disentangling which of the task components are necessary for transfer. In the current study, we examined whether training on two variants of the adaptive dual n-back task would affect untrained task performance and the corresponding electrophysiological event-related potentials (ERPs). Forty three healthy young adults were trained for three weeks with a high or low interference training variant of the dual n-back t…

Active Components in Internet-Based Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for Social Anxiety Disorder: A Randomized Full Factorial Trial.

INTRODUCTION: Many studies have demonstrated that social anxiety disorder (SAD) can be effectively treated with psychotherapy, particularly cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), including internet-based CBT (ICBT). Despite evidence-based treatments, many individuals do not sufficiently benefit from them. Identifying the active components could help improve the effectiveness of SAD treatment. This study tested the effects of four treatment components (psychoeducation, cognitive restructuring, attention training, and exposure) within ICBT for SAD to investigate its active components. METHODS: Thi

Расширение повседневной памяти и участие в многочисленных склерозах: экспериментальное исследование метакогнитивной стратегии вмешательства.

СПРАВОЧНАЯ ИНФОРМАЦИЯ: Когнитивная дисфункция у лиц с множественным склерозом (МС) связана с ограничениями в повседневной деятельности и ограниченным участием. Существующие меры по устранению когнитивной дисфункции часто свидетельствуют о непоследовательном переходе на повседневную деятельность и, как правило, требуют частых посещений клиник, что может быть сопряжено с трудностями для пациентов с НР из-за проблем с мобильностью. Для преодоления этого барьера мы разработали систему когнитивного вмешательства на основе телемедицины, которая основана на подготовке по вопросам метакогнитивной стра

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… training and strategy training. 6 , 10 Computerized cognitive training enhances cognitive functions through repetitive practice but shows limited generalization to everyday life activities. 11 Strategy training teaches cognitive strategies to minimize the effects of cognitive impairment on daily … Including metacognitive strategy training into the self-GEN cognitive training may help transfer gains to the real world. …

[Cognitive impairment after stroke--diagnosis and management].

BACKGROUND: An incidence of stroke is often followed by cognitive impairment. This review article presents an update about such impairment and emphasises diagnostical and therapeutical challenges. MATERIAL AND METHOD: This article is based mainly on literature identified on Medline using the terms "cognitive impairment and stroke," "dementia and stroke," "vascular dementia" and "vascular cognitive impairment." RESULTS AND INTERPRETATION: Cognitive impairment after stroke varies with respect to cerebral localisation and the magnitude of injured brain tissue, and may be classified according to

Nonlinguistic Cognitive Factors Predict Treatment-Induced Recovery in Chronic Poststroke Aphasia.

OBJECTIVE: To determine if pretreatment nonlinguistic cognition predicted language treatment outcomes and if so, which specific nonlinguistic cognitive subskills predicted naming therapy outcomes. DESIGN: Retrospective. SETTING: Research clinic. PARTICIPANTS: Study 1 included data from 67 persons with aphasia who underwent language treatment and a pretreatment cognitive-linguistic assessment battery (N=67). Study 2 included data from 27 study 1 participants who completed additional pretreatment nonlinguistic cognitive assessments. INTERVENTIONS: 120-minute sessions of sentence comprehensio

Pace and Patience: Essential Components of Radiology Training.

Burnout among medical trainees is a significant challenge, with over half of physicians and trainees reporting high levels of stress and emotional exhaustion. Radiology training is particularly demanding due to high imaging volumes, time sensitive decision making, and the cognitive complexity required for accurate interpretation. This article examines the role of pacing and patience as essential pedagogical components in radiology education that can support trainee well-being while maintaining diagnostic quality and clinical urgency. Intentional instructional pacing and structure allow trainee

Working Memory Training in Youth With Autism, Fragile X, and Intellectual Disability: A Pilot Study.

This pilot study sought to identify potential markers of improvement from pre-post treatment in response to computerized working memory (WM) … hyperactivity/impulsivity ratings predicted lower performance on visuospatial WM. Findings suggest cognitive training may be beneficial for youth with ASD and ID, warranting further exploration.

Relationship between physical activity and biomarkers of pathology and neuroinflammation in preclinical autosomal-dominant Alzheimer's disease.

OBJECTIVE: Physical activity (PA) has been linked to reduced Alzheimer's disease (AD) risk. However, less is known about its effects in the AD preclinical stage. We aimed to investigate whether greater PA was associated with lower plasma biomarkers of AD pathology, neural injury, reactive astrocytes, and better cognition in individuals with autosomal-dominant AD due to the presenilin-1 E280A mutation who are virtually guaranteed to develop dementia. METHODS: Twenty-eight cognitively unimpaired mutation carriers (ages x̄ = 29.28) wore a FitBit Charge-4 for 14 days. We calculated their average

Beta/theta ratio neurofeedback training effects on the spectral topography of EEG.

Neurofeedback training (NFT) has shown positive effects on cognition and behavior enhancement as well as clinical treatment. However, little is known about the training effects in brain activity besides training location which is crucial for understanding the mechanism of neurofeedback and enhancing training efficiency. This study aimed to investigate beta/theta ratio (BTR) NFT effects on the spectral topography of electroencephalogram (EEG). Eleven healthy volunteers completed 25 sessions of NFT in consecutive five days with 5 sessions per day. The results showed that BTR NFT in occipital reg

Peritoneal dialysis training performed remotely: results and comparison with Home Training.

OBJECTIVES: Traditional training (Home Training) in peritoneal dialysis (PD) is based on the physical presence of nurse and patient/caregiver. These "space-time" constraints can influence the training's duration, methodology and results. A remote caregiving system (Videodialysis) in our Center has proved to be effective and safe in remotely guiding patients/caregivers with cognitive/psychological barriers to self-care-PD. Since 08/01/2016, to overcome the limitations of Home Training, Videodialysis has also been used to carry out remote patients/caregivers training (Video Training). Retrospect

A multi-scale, circuit-to-gene signature of approach-bias modification in internet gaming disorder.

BACKGROUND: Approach-bias modification (ApBM) is a cognitive training intervention with potential therapeutic value for internet gaming disorder (IGD). However, its clinical efficacy and the underlying neural mechanisms remain to be systematically investigated. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of ApBM for IGD and to identify the associated multi-scale neurobiological signatures, from brain connectivity to gene expression. METHODS: We conducted a randomized controlled trial involving individuals with IGD assigned to either an ApBM (N = 30) or a control group (N = 27). Resting-sta…

A qualitative examination of football players' acceptability and perceptions on the use of virtual reality in football training.

INTRODUCTION: Virtual reality (VR) technologies are being increasingly used for training among football teams. Despite this, limited research has examined football players' acceptability and perceptions of VR training. It is essential to understand football players' perspectives on this training approach to identify any psychological factors that may influence its uptake. METHODS: A qualitative approach was adopted to explore footballers' acceptability and perceptions of VR in training. Fourteen professional and semi-professional football players completed a survey and took part in qualitativ

Training of verbal creativity modulates brain activity in regions associated with language- and memory-related demands.

This functional magnetic resonance (fMRI) study was designed to investigate changes in functional patterns of brain activity during creative ideation as a result of a computerized, 3-week verbal creativity training. The training was composed of various verbal divergent thinking exercises requiring participants to train approximately 20 min per day. Fifty-three participants were tested three times (psychometric tests and fMRI assessment) with an intertest-interval of 4 weeks each. Participants were randomly assigned to two different training groups, which received the training time-delayed: The

Evaluation of the Ronnie Gardiner Method in individuals with stroke in the late phase of recovery: a protocol for a single-blind multicentre randomised controlled trial.

BACKGROUND: Stroke is a prevalent neurological condition that frequently results in long-term disabilities and considerable societal costs. While existing rehabilitation approaches provide some benefits, residual motor impairments often persist and become permanent, leading to ongoing activity restrictions. Music-based intervention, such as the Ronnie Gardiner Method (RGM), adheres to best practice principles of stroke rehabilitation by simultaneously engaging motor, sensory, cognitive and emotional functions, potentially offering enhanced recovery outcomes. However, research examining its eff

Influence of different rehabilitative aerobic exercise programs on (anti-) inflammatory immune signalling, cognitive and functional capacity in persons with MS - study protocol of a randomized controlled trial.

BACKGROUND: Studies have shown positive effects of therapeutic exercise on motor- and cognitive function as well as on psychosocial outcomes in persons with multiple sclerosis (MS). A reduction of inflammatory stress through physical exercise has been suspected as one key mechanism, mediating the positive effects of exercise in the context of MS. The primary objective of this trial is to investigate the acute and chronic effects of different exercise modalities on (anti-)inflammatory immune signalling as well as on cognitive and functional capacity in persons with MS. METHODS: A two armed sin

A meta-analysis and systematic review of interventions to prevent or treat cognitive decline related to Alzheimer's disease in adults with Down syndrome.

Down syndrome (DS) is a leading genetic risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD). Although prevention and treatment of AD are well documented for those without DS, less is known about individuals with DS. This review evaluates the efficacy of AD and dementia interventions in people with DS. It includes 26 articles with 1417 participants ages 18-69 in the qualitative synthesis and 17 articles with 1118 participants in the meta-analysis. Four types of interventions demonstrated small-to-moderate effects: pharmacological (n = 19), exercise (n = 5), environmental (n = 1), and cognitive training (n…

Cloud-Based Brain Magnetic Resonance Image Segmentation and Parcellation System for Individualized Prediction of Cognitive Worsening.

For patients with cognitive disorders and dementia, accurate prognosis of cognitive worsening is critical to their ability to prepare for the future, in collaboration with health-care providers. Despite multiple efforts to apply computational brain magnetic resonance image (MRI) analysis in predicting cognitive worsening, with several successes, brain MRI is not routinely quantified in clinical settings to guide prognosis and clinical decision-making. To encourage the clinical use of a cutting-edge image segmentation method, we developed a prediction model as part of an established web-based c

[Telemonitoring of bike exercise training in patients with obstructive sleep apnoea].

BACKGROUND: Patients with obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) suffer from daytime sleepiness, cognitive disorders and are at increased risk of cardiovascular diseases. In addition to continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP), major lifestyle changes to increase physical activity contribute to risk reduction. The daily training duration should be at least 20 minutes to achieve a relevant effect. In addition to exercise training in groups, home training is useful. However, sufficiently intensive training is often not performed because of unavailable feedback (monitoring). It is not clear yet how man

Serious Games for Seniors With Dementia: A Pilot Study.

Dementia, marked by cognitive decline, significantly impacts daily life. With global prevalence rising, traditional treatments manage symptoms but have side effects and offer no cure. Non-pharmacological interventions, like serious games, are gaining importance. This study assesses the feasibility and benefits of serious games for people with mild to moderate dementia over a 10-week intervention. Sixty-one patients were recruited, with 35 completing the study. The intervention included six games focusing on physical and cognitive training. Outcome measures were motor function, cognitive assess…