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Congenital malaria by Plasmodium falciparum.

UNLABELLED: Introdution: Congenital malaria (CM) is a Plasmodium spp infection acquired in utero or during delivery with nonspecific clinical manifestations. Plasmodium falciparum can cause severe illness in pregnant wo men and newborns. OBJECTIVE: to describe two cases of CM caused by Plasmodium falciparum, di fferential diagnosis of sepsis in newborns of pregnant women who live in or have visited endemic malaria zones. CLINICAL CASES: Female neonates born in a non-endemic malaria area, diagnosed with neonatal sepsis and treated with antibiotics without clinical response. After the first we…

Age and etiology of childhood epidermolysis bullosa mortality.

Epidermolysis bullosa (EB) is a heterogeneous group of congenital blistering diseases that are usually present in the neonatal period. They are characterized by blister formation in response to rubbing or frictional trauma. EB is classified into three major categories, each with many subtypes based on the precise location at which separation or blistering occurs, namely epidermolysis bullosa simplex (EBS), junctional epidermolysis bullosa (JEB), and dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa (DEB). We describe the causes and ages of death of three cases of EB in Hong Kong. A 24-year-old male with EBD di

A case-control study of necrotising enterocolitis in very low birth weight neonates at a tertiary hospital in South Africa.

Between January 2018 to June 2020, 119 of 1,106 Very Low Birth Weight (VLBW) neonates admitted to Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital (CMJAH) were diagnosed with Necrotising Enterocolitis (NEC), representing 10.8% of the VLBW neonates. This retrospective matched case-control study (119 cases, 119 controls; matched 1:1 on birthweight ±100 g, gestational age ±2 weeks, and postnatal age ±1 week) aimed to determine the prevalence, risk factors, and outcomes of NEC in VLBW neonates at a tertiary hospital in South Africa. We handled missing data using Multiple Imputation by Chained Equat

Single dose cefazolin prophylaxis for postcesarean infections: before vs. after cord clamping.

The objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that 1 g of cefazolin administered preoperatively is no more effective than the same dose administered after cord clamping in preventing postcesarean infectious morbidity. Ninety consecutive laboring subjects undergoing cesarean delivery at > or = 37 weeks gestation were randomized by computer to receive 1 g of cefazolin intravenously preoperatively or after cord clamping in a double-blinded, placebo-controlled study. The 2 groups were compared for differences in maternal and neonatal demographics, and intrapartum and operative characteris

Magnitude of Neonatal Jaundice and Its Associated Factor in Neonatal Intensive Care Units of Mekelle City Public Hospitals, Northern Ethiopia.

BACKGROUND: Jaundice in the neonate is one of the most common clinical problems. Globally, every year about 1.1 million babies develop it and the vast majority reside in sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia. Study on magnitude and local factors associated with neonatal jaundice is limited in Ethiopia. So this study was aimed at assessing magnitude and predictors of neonatal jaundice among neonates admitted to neonatal intensive care unit of public hospitals in Mekelle city, Northern Ethiopia. METHODS: Institution based cross-sectional study was conducted from February to April 2016 in neonatal i

Serum and urinary NGAL in septic newborns.

Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) is postulated to be a potentially new and highly specific/sensitive marker of acute kidney injury (AKI). The aim of this study was to assess the impact of inflammation on serum and urine NGAL in newborns that were treated due to infection. We determined serum and urine NGAL concentrations in 73 infants (51 with sepsis; 22 with severe sepsis) admitted to the Intensive Care Unit in the first month of life, for three consecutive days during the course of treatment for infection. 29 neonates without infection served as the control group. Septic pat

Intraamniotic infection in low-birth-weight infants.

Intraamniotic infection (IAI) complicating births of low-birth-weight infants (less than 2500 g) was compared with IAI in births of infants weighing greater than or equal to 2500 g for differences in neonatal and maternal infectious morbidity and mortality, as well as differences in microbiological isolates in amniotic fluid. Four hundred four cases of clinically diagnosed IAI were prospectively evaluated. Thirty-seven patients (9.2%) delivered neonates less than 2500 g, and 367 patients (90.8%) delivered neonates greater than or equal to 2500 g. The low-birth-weight group had a significant in

Antibiotic Overuse in Premature Low Birth Weight Infants in a Developing Country.

BACKGROUND: Neonatal sepsis is a leading cause of child morbidity and mortality, especially in premature and low birth weight infants. Prompt antibiotic therapy is warranted, but its inappropriate use leads to bacterial resistance and adverse outcomes. Our objective is to describe the antibiotic use for late-onset sepsis in Peruvian premature infants. METHODS: This study is a prospective study as a secondary analysis of a clinical trial in 3 neonatal care units in Peru. We included infants in the first 72 hours of life, with birth weight (BW) <2000 g. We described the antibiotic use as length…

Innate immune deficiency of extremely premature neonates can be reversed by interferon-γ.

BACKGROUND: Bacterial sepsis is a major threat in neonates born prematurely, and is associated with elevated morbidity and mortality. Little … delivery with pharmacological agents aimed at maturing innate immune responses in order to prevent neonatal sepsis.

Risk factors for neonatal conjunctivitis in babies of HIV-1 infected mothers.

PURPOSE: To determine the prevalence and correlates of neonatal conjunctivitis in infants born to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1 … s using odds ratios (OR) and confidence intervals (CI), neonatal conjunctivitis was associated with neonatal sepsis (adjusted OR 21.95, 95% CI 1.76, 274.61), birth before arrival to hospital (adjusted OR 13.91, 95% CI 1.39, 138.78) and birth weight (median 3.4 versus 3.3 kilograms, p=0.016, OR 1.79, 95% CI 1.01, 3.15). Infant HIV-1 infection was not associated wi …

Perinatal outcome after preterm premature rupture of membranes with in situ cervical cerclage.

OBJECTIVE: The presence of a cervical cerclage at the time of preterm premature rupture of membranes (pPROM) could promote clinically eviden … matter disease (intraventricular hemorrhage or periventricular leukomalacia) at less than 33 weeks, neonatal sepsis, and neonatal death. RESULTS: One hundred fourteen cases of pPROM and cerclage were matched with 288 controls. The study had power (alpha =.05, power = 0.8) to detect a two-fold difference in incidence of adverse neonatal outcome. Among the mothers …

Reduced neonatal mortality in a regional hospital in Mozambique linked to a Quality Improvement intervention.

BACKGROUND: Neonatal mortality remains a serious health issue especially in low resource countries, where 99% of neonatal deaths occur. Doctors with Africa CUAMM is an Italian non-governmental organization in the field of healthcare that has been working in Africa since 1955. In Mozambique, at the Central Beira Hospital (CBH), it has a project with the aim of supporting the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) and the Obstetrical Department of the CBH through a multi-level intervention. Our aim was to evaluate the effectiveness of CUAMM continuous Quality Improvement intervention in terms of re

Early-onset group B streptococcal sepsis: a current assessment.

Group B streptococcus (GBS) is a common cause of early-onset sepsis in neonates. The most recent reviews describing incidence, diagnosis, treatment, and outcome evaluated data on patients from the early 1980s. To obtain current information about this disease, we retrospectively evaluated data on neonates with GBS early-onset sepsis from nine hospitals in the United States between Jan. 1, 1987, and Dec. 31, 1989. There were 245 infants with GBS bacteremia identified among 61,809 live births, resulting in an incidence of 0.32%. Ninety-six infants (39%) were preterm (less than 38 weeks of gestati

Transmission dynamics of Klebsiella pneumoniae in a neonatal intensive care unit in Zambia before and after an infection control bundle.

Klebsiella pneumoniae is a leading cause of neonatal sepsis in low- and middle-income countries, with antimicrobial resistance (AMR) significantly contributing to mortality. We used whole genome sequencing to explore the impact of an infection prevention and control (IPC) intervention on K. pneumoniae strains and transmission dynamics responsible for sepsis in a Zambian neonatal unit. Blood culture isolates were collected during the Sepsis Prevention in Neonates in Zambia (SPINZ) study, including a 7-month baseline period and 12 months following implementation of a low-cost IPC bundle. K. pneu…

Antimicrobial Stewardship at Birth in Preterm Infants: Not Just About a Decrease!

BACKGROUND: Early-onset sepsis results in increased morbidity and mortality in preterm infants. Antimicrobial Stewardship Programs (ASPs) address the need to balance adverse effects of antibiotic exposure with the need for empiric treatment for infants at the highest risk for early-onset sepsis. METHODS: All preterm infants <34 weeks gestational age born during a 6-month period before (January 2017-June 2017) and a 6-month period after (January 2019-June 2019) implementation of ASP in May 2018 were reviewed. The presence of perinatal sepsis risk factors, eligibility for, versus treatment with

Early-onset neonatal infections in Australia and New Zealand, 2002-2012.

BACKGROUND: The epidemiology of early-onset neonatal sepsis (EONS) varies over time, and requires regular surveillance. OBJECTIVE: To analyse data on EONS in Australia and New Zealand. METHODS: Retrospective analysis of data collected longitudinally from multiple neonatal units from 2002 to 2012. RESULTS: Of 386 423 live births, 454 infants had EONS. The incidence rate of EONS was 1.20 per 1000 live births in 2002 and 0.83 in 2012, decreasing by 4% per year (95% CI 1% to 7%, p=0.007). Group B streptococcus (GBS) (37%) and Escherichia coli (25%) were the most prevalent organisms. The early-o…

Association between parenteral nutrition and length of stay in late preterm and term infants: A retrospective cohort study.

BACKGROUND: We aimed to determine how the use of parenteral nutrition in late preterm and term infants admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) affects outcomes, specifically length of stay. METHODS: This is a retrospective cohort study that included infants ≥35 weeks gestation admitted to a Pediatrix Medical Group-affiliated NICU on day of life 0-2 in 2009-2019. Propensity score matching was used to control for demographics, delivery characteristics, and severity of illness. Infants were excluded if they received comfort or palliative care in the delivery room or transferred befor

В 2024 году в Западной Пенсильвании были зарегистрированы неонатальные заболевания параховируса человека.

Perechovirus A (PeV-A) — вирус с почти универсальной инфекцией к пяти годам; однако неонатальные инфекции могут привести к менингоэнцефалиту, сепсису и смерти. До пандемии COVID-19 PeV-A демонстрировала сезонность раз в два года с поздними летними пиками, но несколько вирусов изменили циркуляцию после пандемии. PeV-A не везде включается в неонатальный тест на сепсис; таким образом, частота и клинический спектр неонатального менингоэнцефалита PeV-A не полностью описаны. Мы пытались оценить эпидемиологию, сезонность и клиническое представление неонатального ПВ-А в сезоне 2024 года. Мы собрали об

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
Human Parechovirus A (PeV-A) is a virus with near-universal infection by age five; however, neonatal infections can lead to meningoencephali … t multiple viruses have had shifted circulation post-pandemic. PeV-A is not universally included in neonatal sepsis testing; thus, the frequency and clinical spectrum of PeV-A neonatal meningoencephalitis are not fully described. We sought to evaluate the epidemiology, seasonality, and clinical presentation of neonatal PeV-A in the 2024 season. We collected remna …

Antibiotics for meconium-stained amniotic fluid in labour for preventing maternal and neonatal infections.

BACKGROUND: Chorioamnionitis is more likely to occur when meconium-stained amniotic fluid (MSAF) is present. Meconium may enhance the growth … rophylactic antibiotics appeared to have no statistically significant reduction in the incidence of neonatal sepsis (risk ratio (RR) 1.00, 95% CI 0.21 to 4.76), neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) admission (RR 0.83, 95% CI 0.39 to 1.78) and postpartum endometritis (RR 0.50, 95% CI 0.18 to 1.38). However, there was a significant decrease in the risk of chorioamni …

Role of serum (1,3)-β-d-glucan assay in early diagnosis of invasive fungal infections in a neonatal intensive care unit.

OBJECTIVES: To study the microbiological pattern of late onset neonatal sepsis cultures and to assess the diagnostic performance of serum (1,3)-β-d-glucan level for early diagnosis of invasive fungemia in high-risk infants admitted to a neonatal intensive care unit. METHODS: A prospective multicenter clinical trial conducted on infants at high risk for invasive fungal infections, with suspected late onset sepsis, admitted to a neonatal intensive care unit at Mansoura University Children's Hospital and Mansoura General Hospital between March 2014 and February 2016. RESULTS: A total of 77 newb…