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Data-driven heterogeneity in mathematical learning disabilities based on the triple code model.

Many classifications of heterogeneity in mathematical learning disabilities (MLD) have been proposed over the past four decades, however no empirical research has been conducted until recently, and none of the classifications are derived from Triple Code Model (TCM) postulates. The TCM proposes MLD as a heterogeneous disorder, with two distinguishable profiles: a representational subtype and a verbal subtype. A sample of elementary school 3rd to 6th graders was divided into two age cohorts (3rd - 4th grades, and 5th - 6th grades). Using data-driven strategies, based on the cognitive classifica

The relationship between severity of apraxia of speech and working memory.

UNLABELLED: Based on previously observed relationships between working memory (WM) and speech, the current study investigated the relationship between degree of oral apraxia (AOS) and WM capacity. METHODS: This study involved assessment and classification of degree of apraxia of speech in 22 apraxic participants and evaluation of WM capacity using digit span and word-list repetition tests. Both tests were able to assess the phonoarticulatory loop, while the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test investigated the phonoarticulatory loop and the episodic buffer. RESULTS: Independently from the degre…

Studying social cognition in patients with schizophrenia and patients with frontotemporal dementia: theory of mind and the perception of sarcasm.

We investigated social cognition and theory of mind in patients with schizophrenia and in patients with frontotemporal dementia in order to elucidate the cognitive mechanisms involved in the breakdown of these skills in psychiatric and neurological patients. Our tasks included videotaped scenarios of social interactions depicting sincere, sarcastic and paradoxical remarks, as well as lies. We found impaired performance of the schizophrenia group on all theory of mind conditions despite their intact understanding of sincere statements. In contrast, the FTD group performed poorly only when they

Influence of intensive phonomotor rehabilitation on apraxia of speech.

In this phase I rehabilitation study, we investigated the effects of an intensive phonomotor rehabilitation program on verbal production in a 73-year-old male, 11 years postonset a left-hemisphere stroke, who exhibited apraxia of speech and aphasia. In the context of a single-subject design, we studied whether treatment would improve phoneme production and generalize to repetition of multisyllabic words, words of increasing length, discourse, and measures of self-report. We predicted that a predominant motor impairment would respond to intensive phonomotor rehabilitation. While able to learn t

Motor inhibition and learning impairments in school-aged children following exposure to organophosphate pesticides in infancy.

Despite the critical role of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) in cortical function and development, no long-term studies have been conducted in h … Children with pesticide or kerosene poisoning had a retrieval deficit on the acquisition phase of a verbal learning task.

Effects of galantamine on working memory and global functioning in patients with mild cognitive impairment: a double-blind placebo-controlled study.

Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) causes memory impairment and executive function deficits in those with the condition. There is also some evi … e Automated Neuropsychiatric Test Assessment Battery and in immediate free recall on the California Verbal Learning Test.

Cognitive function in major depression.

Forty patients with a major depressive episode were divided into equal endogenous and neurotic sub-groups using the Newcastle scale. They were all rated on the 17-item Hamilton scale and with a variety of neuropsychological tests. They were compared with 20 age- and education-matched control subjects. Both endogenous and neurotic groups had impaired memory function on the auditory verbal learning test; recall and recognition were equally impaired suggesting that effort was not a major determinant of performance. The endogenous group was more impaired on digit symbol substitution and the Trail …

Psychological aspects of Gilles de la Tourette syndrome.

The unmistakable symptoms of Gilles de la Tourette Syndrome are classically of muscular spasms or tics, often accompanied by uncontrolled verbal outbursts or shouting of obscenities. Anecdotal as well as clinical reports suggest that these patients also suffer some psychological distress. This study used traditional MMPI scales to evaluate the psychopathological features that may underlie or accompany this disorder. In addition, we analyzed individual items of the MMPI to learn more of the phenomenology of this disorder. Data were collected from 29 Tourette patients and 29 normal controls matc

The relationship between low-sodium salt substitutes and cognitive function among middle-aged and older adults: The Chinese Square Dance Cohort.

BackgroundPrevious studies have indicated that high sodium intake is associated with poorer cognitive function, and low-sodium salt substitutes (LSSS) can reduce sodium intake.ObjectiveWe hypothesized that the use of LSSS is linked to better cognitive performance.MethodsIn this cross-sectional study, participants reported using LSSS or regular salt via questionnaire. Cognitive function was evaluated using Auditory Verbal Learning Test (AVLT), Verbal Fluency Test (VFT), Digit Symbol Substitution Test (DSST), and Trail Making Test-B (TMT-B). Z-scores were utilized to standardize the results, wit…

Cognitive functioning in first episode and recurrent major depressive disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysis of comparative performance.

OBJECTIVE: Major depressive disorder is associated with cognitive deficits, yet the specific impact of recurrence remains unclear. This syst … domains: processing speed (g = -0.20), auditory attention (g = -0.33), working memory (g = -0.47), verbal learning (g = -0.41), and verbal memory (g = -0.54), albeit the size of effect was found to vary dependent on the neuropsychological test or outcome measure. Over half the analyses resulted in nonsignificant differences in cognitive performance in rMDD versu …

Neurocognitive performance in an Irish collegiate athlete sample: a comparison with normative data from the CNS vital signs test.

Neurocognitive function is an important element of academic and sports performance, which is often impaired following sport-related concussion. Neurocognitive assessment provides objective data that can be clinically valuable in the process of concussion diagnosis and management. However, the applicability of existing normative data to specific populations remains uncertain. This study investigated neurocognitive performance in an Irish collegiate athlete sample using the CNS Vital Signs (CNS VS) battery and compared results with the published normative data. A cross-sectional design was emplo

Cultural and linguistic adaptation, preliminary psychometric characterization, and reference data for the Turkish verbal FCSRT-16.

Objective: The Free and Cued Selective Reminding Test uses controlled learning to assess hippocampal-type memory impairment. This study culturally and linguistically adapted three Turkish verbal forms of the 16-item test (FCSRT-16TR) and characterized their psychometric properties, score-level comparability, and demographic reference estimates. Method: The complete-case reference sample comprised 285 cognitively unimpaired native Turkish-speaking adults aged 18-87 years. A pilot study (N = 45) refined the stimulus sets. Item response theory (IRT) analyses were conducted in a broader dataset wi

Intraoperative Verbal Communication in Pediatric Single-Incision Laparoscopic Percutaneous Extraperitoneal Closure: A Comprehensive Analysis and Educational Implications.

INTRODUCTION: In pediatric surgery, declining case volumes and restrictions on working hours have intensified the need for efficient training strategies. The operating room remains a central educational environment, yet the nature of intraoperative teaching is unclear. We examined the educational role of intraoperative verbal communication and identified opportunities for improvement. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed data of unilateral single-incision laparoscopic percutaneous extraperitoneal closure procedures performed between December 2024 and June 2025 with complete audio and video re

Predictive values of the DANish cognitive screen for cardiac arrest survivors (DANcSCA) - A digital cognitive screening.

BACKGROUND: Persistent cognitive deficits affect up to 50 % of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) survivors. Despite this prevalence, no … rvivors were included. The reference standard comprised four neuropsychological tests: Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test, Symbol Digit Modalities Test, Trail Making Test, and Verbal Fluency. The DANcSCA index test used subtests from the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery. Cognitive assessments occurred six to eight weeks post-arrest or during reh …

Норма латинская нейропсихологическая оценка лиц с множественным склерозом и его связи с инвалидностью.

Фон: Множественный склероз (MS) является воспалительным, аутоиммунным и нейродегенеративным заболеванием центральной нервной системы, которое ведет к постепенной потере двигательных и сенсорных функций. Когнитивная дисфункция является распространенным симптомом, который оказывает значительное влияние на качество жизни и повседневную деятельность. Диагностика MS связана с постепенной инвалидностью вследствие ее нейродегенеративного характера. Цель: анализ взаимосвязи между неевропсихологической оценкой латиноамериканских стран и недееспособностью аккумуляторных батарей с множественным склерозом

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
Background: Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory, autoimmune and neurodegenerative disease of the central nervous system that leads to … rved between EDSS scores and performance on the Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT) and the Hopkins Verbal Learning Test-Revised (HVLT-R), which assess attention, processing speed and memory. Strong correlations were also found between EDSS and performance on verbal fluency tests, Trail Making Test (TMT), Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure copy (ROCF), and the Modifie …

Impact of Patient Education Formats on Treatment Adherence and Denture Hygiene in Edentulous Patients: A Comparative Study.

BACKGROUND Effective communication and patient education are important in geriatric dental care. Memory decline complicates patient adherence. This study aimed to compare verbal, audio, and video patient education material (PEM) and adherence to dental prosthetic management in edentulous patients. MATERIAL AND METHODS 90 completely/partially edentulous patients (aged 40 to 70 years), were divided (simple random) into three groups (Gp) of 30 each . A total of 68 instructions were organized into 9 learning categories. For GpVi, a 20 minute video was shot using a Sony camera (PD170), with two act

Gut inflammation associated with age and Alzheimer's disease pathology: a human cohort study.

Age-related disease may be mediated by low levels of chronic inflammation ("inflammaging"). Recent work suggests that gut microbes can contr … n tomography (PiB PET) imaging, and performance on cognitive tests measuring executive function and verbal learning and recall. Calprotectin levels were elevated in advanced age and were higher in participants diagnosed with amyloid-confirmed AD dementia. Additionally, among individuals with AD dementia, higher calprotectin was associated with greater amyloid bur …

A Cross-Sectional Decision-Making Approach to Inform Neuropsychological Battery Development in Professional Hockey.

OBJECTIVE: Neuropsychologists commonly use a large battery of tests to inform clinical decisions. Decision analysis can be used to determine … tions of test usefulness when making decisions. Qualitatively, clinicians reported that the Hopkins Verbal Learning Test-Revised, Symbol Digit Modalities Test, ImPACT Reaction Time, and Color Trails 2 were the most useful tests when making decisions. CONCLUSIONS: Along with validation studies, decision analysis can be used as part of a comprehensive evaluation p …

Chronic Mild Traumatic Brain Injury: Aberrant Static and Dynamic Connectomic Features Identified Through Machine Learning Model Fusion.

Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) is a frequently occurring condition and approximately 90% of TBI cases are classified as mild (mTBI). However, conventional MRI has limited diagnostic and prognostic value, thus warranting the utilization of additional imaging modalities and analysis procedures. The functional connectomic approach using resting-state functional MRI (rs-fMRI) has shown great potential and promising diagnostic capabilities across multiple clinical scenarios, including mTBI. Additionally, there is increasing recognition of a fundamental role of brain dynamics in healthy and pathologic

Efficacy of non-invasive brain stimulation on cognitive functioning in brain disorders: a meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: Cognition is commonly affected in brain disorders. Non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) may have procognitive effects, with hig … s on: attention/vigilance, working memory, executive functioning, processing speed, verbal fluency, verbal learning, and social cognition. RESULTS: We included 82 studies (n = 2784). For working memory, both TMS (ES = 0.17, p = 0.015) and tDCS (ES = 0.17, p = 0.021) showed small but significant effects. Age positively moderated the effect of TMS. TDCS was superi …