Результаты поиска

Immunohistochemical analysis of IA-2 family of protein tyrosine phosphatases in rat gastrointestinal endocrine cells.

Islet-associated protein-2 (IA-2) and IA-2β (also known as phogrin) are unique neuroendocrine-specific protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs). … wn as the glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide), glucagon-like peptide-1, and glucagon, but not ghrelin were coexpressed with IA-2 or IA-2β in duodenal GECs. Pancreatic islet cells that secrete gut hormones expressed the IA-2 family of PTPs. The expression patterns of IA-2 and IA-2β were comparable. These results reveal that the IA-2 family of PTPs is …

Management and pathophysiology of functional gastrointestinal disorders.

Since 2005, every annual meeting of the Japanese Gastroenterological Association has included a core symposium for functional gastrointestin … al viewpoint. Findings included the effects of sumatriptan and nizatidine, acylated or des-acylated ghrelin, T-cell-activating anti-CD3 antibody, and transient receptor potential vanilloid-1. At the 7th meeting, not only functional dyspepsia and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), but also non-erosive esophageal reflux disease (NERD) and chronic intestinal ps …

The complex interaction between obesity, metabolic syndrome and reproductive axis: a narrative review.

The aim of this narrative review is to provide current evidence for the interaction between obesity, metabolic syndrome (MS) and reproductiv … age. Products of the adipocyte, such as leptin, adiponectin and resistin, and gut peptides, such as ghrelin, are considered to be crucial in the interaction between energy balance and reproduction. Finally, an indirect evidence for the interplay between MS and reproductive axis is the fact that when treating components of one, parameters of the other can …

Vitamin B₆ supplementation in pregnant women with nausea and vomiting.

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether supplementation with vitamin B(6) improves nausea and/or vomiting in pregnancy. METHODS: This experimental … score or in plasma concentration levels of protein, dopamine, serotonin, unconjugated estriol, and ghrelin after supplementation between the 2 groups at baseline, but there was a significantly lesser decrease in PUQE score and a greater increase in vitamin B(6) level and vitamin B(6) concentration to plasma protein concentration ratios in group 1 than in …

Emerging drugs for functional dyspepsia.

INTRODUCTION: Functional dyspepsia (FD) is a highly prevalent condition with a major impact on quality of life and high socio-economic and healthcare costs. To date, no treatment of established efficacy in FD is available. AREAS COVERED: This review of the literature summarizes recent progress in drug development for FD. Gastroprokinetics are considered therapeutically relevant in FD, although it has been difficult to prove symptomatic benefit. Recently studied drugs include 5-HT(4) receptor agonists (tegaserod), motilin receptor agonists (GSK962040 and others) and ghrelin receptor agonists (…

Gastrointestinal hormonal dysfunction in gastroparesis and functional dyspepsia.

BACKGROUND: Numerous hormones secreted by the gut, during both the fasted state and in response to a meal, influence gastrointestinal motor … CCK levels evident in this group. It will review the use of pharmacological agonists of motilin and ghrelin, which accelerate gastric emptying, in the management of gastroparesis and FD. The frequent finding of markedly delayed gastric emptying in the critically ill will be examined; this is associated with elevated plasma CCK and peptide YY in both the f …

Gastric exocrine and endocrine secretion.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: This review summarizes the last year's literature regarding the regulation and measurement of gastric exocrine and endocr … bly food allergy. The major stimulants of acid secretion are gastrin, histamine, and acetylcholine. Ghrelin and orexin also stimulate acid secretion. The main inhibitor of acid secretion is somatostatin. Nitric oxide and dopamine also inhibit acid secretion. Although Helicobacter pylori is associated with duodenal ulcer disease, most patients infected wit …

Effect of antrectomy in hypergastrinaemic female Japanese cotton rats.

OBJECTIVE: Female Japanese cotton rats become hypoacidic and hypergastrinaemic from age 2 months and later develop gastric carcinomas in the … ne cells in the oxyntic mucosa expressing chromogranin A, vesicular monoamine transporter (VMAT)-2, ghrelin and somatostatin. Gastrin-positive cells were found adjacent to neoplastic areas in the oxyntic mucosa. CONCLUSIONS: The removal of antral gastrin by antrectomy halts carcinogenesis in cotton rats, but other mechanisms may also play a role.

Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis activity of newborn mice rapidly desensitizes to repeated maternal absence but becomes highly responsive to novelty.

In CD1 mice we investigated the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis response to maternal separation for 8 h daily from postnatal d 3 t … thers. To explain the HPA axis desensitization after repeated separation, we found that circulating ghrelin levels increased and glucose levels decreased after all periods of maternal separation, ruling out a role of altered metabolism. Glucocorticoid feedback was not involved either because a glucocorticoid receptor antagonist amplified the corticosteron …

Sensory nutrition of sweet taste. Physiological, pathophysiological and pharmacological implications of T1R2/T1R3 signalling pathways on energy (glucose) and body weight homeostasis.

Taste perception plays a key role in food chose. Both taste receptors type 1 member 2 (T1R2) and member 3 (T1R3) are responsible for detecting mono- and disaccharides, and sweet taste perception is dependent of the recognition threshold (RT) of these molecules. Differences in sweet RT are mainly attributed to polymorphisms of T1R2 and T1R3 as well as their expression in taste buds, which are regulated by several hormones including glucagon, ghrelins, glucagon-like peptide, leptins and endocannabinoids. Interestingly, aging, diabetes and obesity are characterized by significant changes in sweet…

Cancer Cachexia Research and Drug Development: Lessons from Failures and the Promise of Immunomodulation.

Cancer cachexia is a multifactorial systemic syndrome characterized by progressive muscle loss, with or without adipose tissue depletion, th … ly nutritional and appetite-stimulating interventions to contemporary targeted therapies, including ghrelin receptor agonists, cytokine inhibitors, and anabolic agents. Despite advances in mechanistic understanding, numerous trials targeting single pathways have failed to produce meaningful functional or survival benefits, underscoring the limitations of …

Central liver-expressed antimicrobial peptide 2 induces anxiety- and depression-related behaviors and activates the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis in male mice.

The ghrelinergic system is a key regulator of feeding and metabolism. Beyond this, the ghrelinergic system has been implicated for reward, anxiety and depression. In this regard, the effects of the endogenous ghrelin receptor inverse agonist liver-expressed antimicrobial peptide (LEAP) 2 on mental health parameters are unknown. In the present study, the aim was to delineate LEAP2's central effects on anxiety- and depressive-like behaviors in mice, as well as downstream central monoaminergic signaling and HPA-axis activation. Acute intracerebroventricular administration was used to evaluate the…

Эффективность вибрации всего тела на гормональной реакции у людей с гормональными расстройствами: систематический обзор и метаанализ.

Цель. Цель этого систематического обзора заключается в изучении нынешней литературы о воздействии вибрации всего тела на гормональный уровень у людей с гормональными расстройствами. Методы. Систематический поиск проводился в шести электронных базах данных с целью получения результатов исследований воздействия вибрации всего тела на гормональный уровень у лиц с гормональными расстройствами. Полученные исследования оценивались на основе заранее установленных критериев отбора в два этапа: название и абстрактная фильтрация и полнотекстовая фильтрация. Качество проведенных исследований оценивалось

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
Objective. This systematic review aims to examine the current literature on the effects of whole-body vibration on hormonal levels in indivi … irisin, while other studies showed no effect for whole-body vibration on insulin, gonadal hormones, ghrelin and leptin, adiponectin, parathyroid hormone, and insulin-like growth factor 1 in women with fibromyalgia. Conclusion. The whole-body vibration training may have an action in endocrine system as observed by the alteration of plasma concentration of …

Unique and conserved endoplasmic reticulum stress responses in neuroendocrine cells.

Endocrine cells are dedicated to the production and processing of hormones, from peptides to small molecules, to regulate key physiological … representative lines for β-cells (insulin), α-cells (glucagon), δ-cells (somatostatin), X/A-cells (ghrelin), L-cells (glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP1)), and thyrotropes (thyroid hormone and thyroglobulin). We exposed each cell type to the canonical ER stressor thapsigargin for 6 and 24 h, or vehicle for 24 h and performed mRNA sequencing. Analysis of the d …

Unique and Conserved Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Responses in Neuroendocrine Cells.

Endocrine cells are dedicated to the production and processing of hormones, from peptides to small molecules, to regulate key physiological … representative lines for β-cells (insulin), α-cells (glucagon), δ-cells (somatostatin), X/A-cells (ghrelin), L-cells (glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP1)), and thyrotropes (thyroid hormone and thyroglobulin). We exposed each cell type to the canonical ER stressor thapsigargin for 6 and 24 h, or vehicle for 24 h, and performed mRNA sequencing. Analysis of the …

Investigation of the association between therapeutic effectiveness of anamorelin and Glasgow prognostic score in patients with cancer cachexia: a competing risk analysis.

Anamorelin, a highly selective ghrelin receptor agonist, enhances appetite and increases lean body mass in patients with cancer cachexia. However, the predictors of its therapeutic effectiveness are uncertain. This study aimed to investigate the association between the Glasgow prognostic score (GPS), used for classifying the severity of cancer cachexia, the therapeutic effectiveness of anamorelin, and the feasibility of early treatment based on cancer types. A retrospective analysis included patients with gastric, pancreatic, colorectal, and non-small-cell lung cancer treated with anamorelin b…

Neurochemical Aspects of the Role of Thirst in Body Fluid Homeostasis and Their Significance in Health and Disease: A Literature Review.

Thirst is usually characterized as an unpleasant sensation provoking drinking of water. The purpose of the present review is to draw attenti … mponents of the renin-angiotensin system, vasopressin, atrial natriuretic peptide, cholecystokinin, ghrelin, gaseous transmitters, cytokines and prostaglandins. Experimental studies provide evidence that elevation of fluid osmolality, which is the most frequent cause of thirst, influences function of the voltage-gated sodium channel and calcium-dependent …

Implication of digestive functions and microbiota in the establishment of muscle glycogen differences between divergent lines for ultimate pH.

Both the quality of chicken meat and the quality of chicks are influenced by the level of breast muscle glycogen reserves. In order to study … rolling pHu and selection signatures identified in the divergent lines, such as the gene coding for ghrelin, a hormone regulating appetite.

Localisation of the relaxin-family peptide 3 receptor to enteroendocrine cells of the intestine in RXFP3-Cre/tdTomato mice.

The relaxin-family peptide 3 receptor (RXFP3) and its native ligand, relaxin-3, are expressed in specific populations of brain neurons, and … xytryptamine (5-HT), cholecystokinin (CCK), secretin, peptide YY (PYY), oxyntomodulin, neurotensin, ghrelin, or glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP). Faithful co-expression of Cre and RXFP3 mRNA was confirmed in RXFP3-Cre mice using multiplex, fluorescence in situ hybridisation (via RNAscope™). Our results indicate that RXFP3 is expressed by …

A high salt intake in early life affects stress-coping response in males but not in female rats.

Eating diets high in salt has been associated with alterations in the immune system and the potential development of neuropsychiatric disord … effect of diet and sex were detected in the SST and the SLA, and hypothalamic levels of leptin and ghrelin receptors. On the other hand, female rats were less susceptible to the experimental conditions applied in this protocol than males.