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Mechanisms of action of repurposed Ebola virus antivirals - the roles of phospholipidosis and cholesterol homeostasis.

Cell-based drug repurposing screens have been a common approach to identifying compounds with antiviral properties. For Ebola virus (EBOV), … at PLD was not a confounding factor for screens against Lassa, Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever, and Rift Valley fever viruses. Of four cells lines tested, HeLa cells were the least susceptible to PLD induction. In addition to PLD, many of the hit compounds identified disrupt cholesterol homeostasis. Previous research found inhibition of cholesterol synthesis by sta …

Serologic evidence of human exposure to the severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus and associated viruses in Kenya.

BACKGROUND: Although the diverse communities of tick-borne viruses (TBVs) have recently been proposed, the threat of infection and exposure to TBVs among humans across Kenya has been poorly understood. OBJECTIVE: Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (SFTSV) is an emerging tick-borne viral agent associated with the epidemic of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) disease in East Asian countries. This study investigated the seroprevalence of SFTSV among humans in Kenya. METHODS: Serum samples were collected from 459 healthy people in Kenya and tested for anti-SFTSV a

Potential Benefits of Antiviral African Medicinal Plants in the Management of Viral Infections: Systematic Review.

Background: Viruses cause various human diseases, some of which become pandemic outbreaks. This study synthesized evidence on antiviral medi … rus, Dengue virus, Ebola virus, Chikungunya virus, Yellow fever virus, Respiratory syncytial virus, Rift Valley fever virus, Human cytomegalovirus each showed sensitivities to one plant. Conclusion: The current study provided a list of African medicinal plants which demonstrated antiviral activities and could potentially be candidates for COVID-19 treatment. Howeve …

In vitro and in vivo Phlebovirus inhibition by ribavirin.

Ribavirin (1-beta-D-ribofuranosyl-1,2,4-triazole-3-carboxamide) was markedly inhibitory in vitro to Adames and Balliet strains of Punta Toro virus (PTV), a Phlebovirus related to Rift Valley fever and sandfly fever viruses. By using inhibition of viral cytopathic effect in LLC-MK2 cells with both virus strains, the 50% effective dose was 4 to 10 micrograms/ml and the virus rating was 1.3. The Adames strain of PTV infection in mice was established for evaluation of the in vivo antiviral efficacy of ribavirin. The drug was administered subcutaneously (s.c.) twice daily for 5 to 7 days beginning …

Effects of flood irrigation on the risk of selected zoonotic pathogens in an arid and semi-arid area in the eastern Kenya.

To investigate the effects of irrigation on land cover changes and the risk of selected zoonotic pathogens, we carried out a study in irrigated, pastoral and riverine areas in the eastern Kenya. Activities implemented included secondary data analyses to determine land use and land cover (LULC) changes as well as human, livestock and wildlife population trends; entomological surveys to characterize mosquitoes population densities and species distribution by habitat and season; and serological surveys in people to determine the risk of Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV), West Nile fever virus (WNV),…

Aedes-borne arboviral human infections in Europe from 2000 to 2023: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

INTRODUCTION: Aedes-borne arboviral infections, both imported and autochthonous, are reported in Europe. We evaluated the landscape of these infections in Europe over 23 years and attempted to pre-empt the trajectory of impact of these infections in the climatic context of Aedes mosquito expansion in Europe. METHODS: This systematic review was conducted in accordance with PRISMA guidelines and registered in Prospero (CRD42023360259). PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, IEEE Xplore, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) databases and the European Centre for Disease Preventio

Prioritizing zoonotic diseases using a multisectoral, One Health approach for The Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS).

BACKGROUND: Zoonotic diseases pose a significant threat to human, animal, and environmental health. The Economic Community of West African S … Anthrax, Rabies, Ebola and other viral hemorrhagic fevers (for example, Marburg fever, Lassa fever, Rift Valley fever, Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic fever), zoonotic influenzas, zoonotic tuberculosis, Trypanosomiasis, and Yellow fever. Participants developed recommendations and further regional actions that could be taken, using a One Health approach to address the pri …

Переносные микрофлюиды-лаМП для быстрого обнаружения на месте восьми высокопатогенных вирусов.

В последнее время глобальное распространение высокопатогенных вирусов, таких, как вирусы Mpox и Эбола, подчеркивает настоятельную потребность в технологиях обнаружения мультиплексов. Нынешние методы не располагают возможностями для одновременной идентификации, что затрудняет борьбу со вспышками в условиях ограниченности ресурсов и усилия по глобальному наблюдению. Традиционные методы, такие, как количественная цепная реакция полимеразы в режиме реального времени (qPCR), часто непрактичны в районах с ограниченными ресурсами из-за зависимости от лабораторий и специальных кадровых потребностей. Д

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
BACKGROUND: The recent global spread of highly pathogenic viruses, such as Mpox and Ebola viruses, highlights the urgent need for multiplex … imultaneous detection of eight highly pathogenic viruses: Ebola virus (EBOV), Marburg virus (MARV), Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV), Lassa virus (LASV), yellow fever virus (YFV), Congo Basin Mpox virus (C-MPXV), West African Mpox virus (W-MPXV), and variola virus (VARV), all within a span of 70 min. The assay demonstrated a sensitivity of 7.02 × 102-8 × 104 copies/m …

Systemic and Ocular Manifestations of Arboviral Infections: A Review.

PURPOSE: To provide an overview of pre-selected emerging arboviruses (arthropod-borne viruses) that cause ocular inflammation in humans. METHODS: A comprehensive review of the literature published between 1997 and 2023 was conducted in PubMed database. We describe current insights into epidemiology, systemic and ocular manifestations, diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of arboviral diseases including West Nile fever, Dengue fever, Chikungunya, Rift Valley fever, Zika, and Yellow fever. RESULTS: Arboviruses refer to a group of ribonucleic acid viruses transmitted to humans by the bite of hem…

Phlebovirus sequences detected in ticks collected in Russia: Novel phleboviruses, distinguishing criteria and high tick specificity.

Phlebovirus is an abundant and rather heterogeneous genus within the Phenuiviridae family (order Bunyavirales). The genus Phlebovirus is divided into two antigenic complexes, which also correspond to the main vector: sandflies/mosquitoes and ticks. Previously, only sandfly/mosquito-borne phleboviruses were associated with human disease, such as Rift Valley fever virus, Toscana virus, Sicilian and Naples Sandfly fever viruses and others. Until recently, tick-borne phleboviruses were not considered as human pathogens. After the discovery of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome, interest t…

Hajj abattoirs in Makkah: risk of zoonotic infections among occupational workers.

At completion of Hajj, the Islamic pilgrimage to Makkah, pilgrims give thanks for the blessing, and acceptance, of Hajj, marking the end of … tigens for Brucella, Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever (CCHF), Alkhurma haemorrhagic fever (AHF) and Rift Valley Fever (RVF) were determined, among the study participants. An enrolment questionnaire, and a follow-up questionnaire, with provision of 10 mL blood for testing 2 days before intense Hajj animal exposure, up to 20 days after intense animal exposure and bet …

Assessing the mandatory bovine abortion notification system in France using unilist capture-recapture approach.

The mandatory bovine abortion notification system in France aims to detect as soon as possible any resurgence of bovine brucellosis. However … the ability to detect brucellosis outbreaks early. With the increasing need to survey the zoonotic Rift Valley Fever and Q fever diseases that may also cause bovine abortions, our approach is of primary interest for animal health stakeholders to develop information programs to increase abortion notifications. Our framework combining hurdle and ZIP models may also …

Discovering host-viral protein interactions in autophagy: A LIR discovery pipeline for identifying LC3-interacting region motifs in highly virulent viruses.

Hemorrhagic fever virus (HFV) infections are highly fatal, posing a significant global pandemic threat as they continue to emerge in new loc … from the Marburg virus nucleoprotein, the Nipah virus phosphoprotein, the Ebola virus VP35, and the Rift Valley fever virus NSs protein bind to Atg8/LC3 family proteins. The aromatic amino acid in the first position of each LIR motif was found to be critical for these interactions. We provide evidence for the utility of the LIR-DP in identifying functional LIRs wit …

Novel Ionophores Active against La Crosse Virus Identified through Rapid Antiviral Screening.

Bunyaviruses are significant human pathogens, causing diseases ranging from hemorrhagic fevers to encephalitis. Among these viruses, La Cros … hat the antiviral activity of valinomycin extended to other viral families, including bunyaviruses (Rift Valley fever virus, Keystone virus), enteroviruses (coxsackievirus, rhinovirus), flavirivuses (Zika virus), and coronaviruses (human coronavirus 229E [HCoV-229E] and Middle East respiratory syndrome CoV [MERS-CoV]). In all viral infections, we observed significa …

Spatial risk analysis for the introduction and circulation of six arboviruses in the Netherlands.

BACKGROUND: Arboviruses are a growing public health concern in Europe, with both endemic and exotic arboviruses expected to spread further i … that were previously prioritized for the Netherlands: West Nile virus, Japanese encephalitis virus, Rift Valley fever virus, tick-borne encephalitis virus, louping-ill virus and Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever virus. METHODS: Our spatial model included ecological risk factors that were identified as relevant for these arboviruses by an earlier systematic review, …

How to reach the poor? Surveillance in low-income countries, lessons from experiences in Cambodia and Madagascar.

Surveillance of animal diseases in developing countries faces many constraints. Innovative tools and methods to enhance surveillance in remo … rden of animal and zoonotic diseases (e.g. avian influenza, African swine fever, Newcastle disease, Rift Valley fever) is huge in both countries which are among the poorest in the world. Being poor countries implies a lack of human and financial means to ensure effective surveillance of emerging and endemic diseases. Several recent projects have shown that new appr …

Hospital-based surveillance for viral hemorrhagic fevers and hepatitides in Ghana.

BACKGROUND: Viral hemorrhagic fevers (VHF) are acute diseases associated with bleeding, organ failure, and shock. VHF may hardly be distinguished clinically from other diseases in the African hospital, including viral hepatitis. This study was conducted to determine if VHF and viral hepatitis contribute to hospital morbidity in the Central and Northern parts of Ghana. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: From 2009 to 2011, blood samples of 258 patients with VHF symptoms were collected at 18 hospitals in Ashanti, Brong-Ahafo, Northern, Upper West, and Upper East regions. Patients were tested by PCR

Severe fever with thrombocytopenia virus glycoproteins are targeted by neutralizing antibodies and can use DC-SIGN as a receptor for pH-dependent entry into human and animal cell lines.

Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (SFTSV) is a novel bunyavirus that recently emerged in China. Infection with SFTSV is asso … as well as human macrophages and dendritic cells. The Gn/Gc proteins of La Crosse virus (LACV) and Rift Valley Fever Virus (RVFV), other members of the bunyavirus family, facilitated entry into an overlapping but not identical range of cell lines, suggesting that SFTSV, LACV, and RVFV might differ in their receptor requirements. Entry driven by SFTSV Gn/Gc was dep …

Phylogenetic analysis reveals a low rate of homologous recombination in negative-sense RNA viruses.

Recombination is increasingly seen as an important means of shaping genetic diversity in RNA viruses. However, observed recombination freque … Influenza A virus, Influenza B virus, Influenza C virus, Lassa virus, Pirital virus, Rabies virus, Rift Valley Fever virus and Vesicular stomatitis virus. The possibility of recombination in these viruses should be investigated further. Overall, this study reveals that rates of homologous recombination in negative-sense RNA viruses are very much lower than those o …