Результаты поиска

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma-deficient heterozygous mice develop an exacerbated neural antigen-induced Th1 response and experimental allergic encephalomyelitis.

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARgamma) is a nuclear receptor transcription factor that regulates cell growth, differentiation, and homeostasis. PPARgamma agonists are potent therapeutic agents for type 2 diabetes, obesity, and inflammation. Experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE) is a Th1 cell-mediated inflammatory demyelinating autoimmune disease model of multiple sclerosis. We have shown recently that PPARgamma agonists inhibit EAE by blocking IL-12 production, IL-12 signaling, and neural Ag-induced Th1 differentiation. In this study, we show that the PPARgamma-de…

Brain-derived gangliosides suppress the chronic relapsing-remitting experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in NOD mice induced with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein peptide.

Chronic relapsing-remitting experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (CREAE) induced with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein peptides 35-55 (MOG(35-55)) in NOD mice was successfully treated with brain-derived gangliosides (GA). The GA treatment suppressed the development and severity of CREAE, both clinically and histologically. Spleen cells from the GA-treated mice displayed markedly inhibited levels of MOG(35-55) specific proliferation and interferon-gamma production. Delayed-type hypersensitivity reactions to MOG(35-55) were suppressed by the GA treatment. GA modulate various T cell effec…

Vector competence of Culex tarsalis (Diptera: Culicidae) from Iowa for a sympatric strain of western equine encephalomyelitis (WEE-7738) virus.

Experiments were designed to evaluate the vector competence of Culex tarsalis Coquillet from an area (Sioux City) where Cx. tarsalis is most abundant in Iowa for western equine encephalomyelitis virus (WEE-7738). WEE-7738 was isolated from Aedes trivittatus (Coquillet) collected in Ames, IA, in 1977. Infection rate, dissemination rate, multiplication efficiency, and transmission rate were determined for this virus in the SC strain of Cx. tarsalis. SC strain of Cx. tarsalis was as susceptible to WEE-7738 as Californian strains of Cx. tarsalis were to BFS1703 strain of WEE; OID50 of SC Cx. tarsa…

Optic neuritis in chronic relapsing experimental allergic encephalomyelitis in Biozzi ABH mice: demyelination and fast axonal transport changes in disease.

The encephalitogenicity of optic nerve tissue was demonstrated in Biozzi ABH (H-2(dq1)) mice. Acute experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE) occurred in 11/14 animals and 4/5 exhibited relapse. The involvement of the optic nerve in spinal cord homogenate induced chronic relapsing EAE (CREAE) was demonstrated by mononuclear cell infiltration and myelin degradation in the optic nerve prior to and during clinical disease. During the relapse phase gross pathological assessment revealed swollen and translucent plaques on the optic nerves. Advanced lesions showed widespread demyelination, astro…

Use of a new synthetic-peptide-derived monoclonal antibody to differentiate between vaccine and wild-type Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis viruses.

We have prepared a murine monoclonal antibody (MAb) capable of distinguishing between wild-type Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis (VEE) virus and the TC-83 vaccine derivative. This MAb, 1A2B-10, was derived from immunization with a synthetic peptide corresponding to the first 19 amino acids of the E2 glycoprotein of Trinidad donkey VEE virus. The MAb reacts with prototype viruses from all naturally occurring VEE subtypes except subtype 6 in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. It does not react with TC-83 virus or members of the western and eastern equine encephalitis virus complex or with …

Effects of regional spinal X-irradiation on demyelinating disease caused by Theiler's virus, mouse hepatitis virus or experimental allergic encephalomyelitis.

The effects of X-irradiation on the course of chronic demyelinating disease were examined in mice with experimental allergic encephalitis (EAE), mouse hepatitis virus (MHV) or Theiler's virus (DAV) infection. One month after the induction of EAE or 2-16 months after inoculation of DAV, exposure of the cervical spinal cord to 20 Gy X-rays caused local exacerbation of disease activity but spinal irradiation did not affect MHV-induced demyelination. In EAE, there was a significant increase in the number of inflammatory cells in the irradiated part of the cord. Mice infected with DAV showed locall

Anti-T cell monoclonal antibodies in vivo. II. Modulation of acute and chronic experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE) in guinea pigs.

To determine the effects of anti-T cell monoclonal antibody-induced systemic T cell depletion in neuro-autoimmune disease, we studied the in vivo effects of 8BE6, a mouse anti-guinea pig (GP) pan-T cell monoclonal antibody, on the course and immunopathology of the disease model experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE) in adult Strain 13 GP. Central nervous system (CNS) tissues were studied by routine histology and by an immunoperoxidase staining technique using monoclonal antibodies to T cells, IgM, and macrophages. From 3 days before to 10 days after sensitization with GP spinal cord and…

Study of homologous and heterologous antibody response in California horses vaccinated with attenuated Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis vaccine (strain TC-83).

Of 359 horses vaccinated with attenuated Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis (VEE) vaccine (strain TC-83), 87% developed hemagglutination-inhibition (HI) antibodies to VEE virus within 1 month. Blood from a subsample of 101 of the 359 horses was obtained over a 1-year period. Within 1 month after vaccination, 84% of the 101 horses had developed VEE HI antibodies, 87% had developed VEE-neutralizing (Nt) antibodies, and 78% had developed VEE complement-fixing (CF) antibodies. One year after vaccination, 58% of the horses had VEE HI antibodies and 73% had VEE Nt antibodies. The percentage of hors…

Targeting HMGB1 in Microglia Alleviates Neuroinflammation and Modulates the Pro-/Anti-inflammatory Balance of Microglia/Macrophages in Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis.

High-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) undergoes dynamic expression, release, and subcellular localization changes, and exerts distinct functions in the central nervous system, playing a crucial role in neuroinflammation and exacerbating autoimmune diseases. Although microglia exhibit elevated HMGB1 expression during experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), the precise roles of microglial-derived HMGB1 in the pathogenesis and progression of EAE remain largely unknown. In this study, we generated conditional knockout mice lacking HMGB1 in microglia to assess the role of HMGB1 in EAE progress…

Orthostatic intolerance with small heart and/or disequilibrium in patients with myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome: clinical update and paradigm shift.

Orthostatic intolerance (OI) is characterized by the inability to maintain an upright posture without experiencing severe signs and symptoms, including hypotension, palpitations, light-headedness, pallor, fatigue, weakness, dizziness, impaired concentration, tremulousness, and nausea. The majority of patients with myalgic encephalomyelitis (ME) or chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) exhibit OI, which is the primary factor restricting daily functional capacity. During an upright posture, approximately 800 mL of blood is translocated from the intrathoracic venous compartment to the veins of the butto…

Age-specific alterations of the gut mycobiome in patients with myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome and identification of potential diagnostic biomarkers.

BACKGROUND: While bacterial dysbiosis and metabolic disruptions have been widely implicated in the pathogenesis of myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS), the contribution of the gut mycobiome remains largely unresolved, particularly in the context of host age. RESULTS: Here, high-throughput internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequencing was applied to fecal samples from 118 individuals (59 ME/CFS patients and 59 healthy matched controls), stratified into three age cohorts: young (18–34 years), middle-aged (35–55 years), and elderly (56–85 years). ME/CFS patients demonstrate…

Модуляция ацетилхолинового уровня при помощи гидрохлорида dopezil смягчает остроту экспериментального аутоиммунного энцефаломиелита (EAE) — животной модели множественного склероза.

Множественный склероз (MS) — хроническая аутоиммунная болезнь, характеризующаяся нейроинфламмацией и обезвоживанием, без какого-либо лечения. Предыдущие исследования показали, что кротоксин, нейротоксин, полученный из яда гремучих змей, эффективно смягчает гиперальгезию и клинические симптомы экспериментального аутоиммунного энцефаломиелита (EAE), в сочетании с силикой SBA-15 (CTX-SBA-15), инертной наноструктурной частицой. Эта комбинация затормозила развитие болезни и уменьшила нейронную воспаление. Опираясь на эти результаты, мы провели всеобъемлющий анализ выражения генов для выявления дифф

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
Multiple sclerosis (MS), is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by neuroinflammation and demyelination, with no known cure. Previous studies demonstrated that crotoxin, a neurotoxin derived from rattlesnake venom, effectively alleviated hyperalgesia and clinical symptoms in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) when combined with silica SBA-…

Activation of the MyD88-JNK pathway promotes pathogenetic Th17 differentiation by induction of activin-A secretion and enhances experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis.

OBJECTIVE: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease of the central nervous system, T helper 17 (Th17) cells play a key role in its p … thogenic Th17 cells play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of human MS and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), an animal model of MS. Recent data have shown that autocrine activin-A induces pathogenic Th17 cells, which promote neuroinflammation. However, the upstream regulatory mechanisms remain unclear. METHODS: We found that both interleukin (IL)-1 …

The dose-dependent neuroprotective effect of norepinephrine in improving memory retrieval in an experimental model of multiple sclerosis, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is considered an immune-mediated inflammatory disorder that causes cognitive impairments by damaging the hippocampal tissue. Conversely, norepinephrine (NEP) has anti-inflammatory and re-myelinating properties, which improve cognitive impairments. The aim of this study was to assess the neuroprotective effects of NEP on learning and memory disorders in an experimental animal model of MS. Two guide cannulas were bilaterally implanted in the rat hippocampal CA1 regions. After recovery, the animals received 3 μl of 0.01% ethidium bromide (EtB) in each of both hippocampal r

Therapeutic role of interferon-γ in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis is mediated through a tolerogenic subset of splenic CD11b+ myeloid cells.

Cumulative evidence has established that Interferon (IFN)-γ has both pathogenic and protective roles in Multiple Sclerosis and the animal model, Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis (EAE). However, the underlying mechanisms to the beneficial effects of IFN-γ are not well understood. In this study, we found that IFN-γ exerts therapeutic effects on chronic, relapsing-remitting, and chronic progressive EAE models. The frequency of regulatory T (Treg) cells in spinal cords from chronic EAE mice treated with IFN-γ was significantly increased with no effect on Th1 and Th17 cells. Consistently, …

Exercise Pathophysiology in Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome and Postacute Sequelae of SARS-CoV-2: More in Common Than Not?

TOPIC IMPORTANCE: Postacute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 (PASC) is a long-term consequence of acute infection from COVID-19. Clinical overlap between PASC and myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) has been observed, with shared symptoms including intractable fatigue, postexertional malaise, and orthostatic intolerance. The mechanistic underpinnings of such symptoms are poorly understood. REVIEW FINDINGS: Early studies suggest deconditioning as the primary explanation for exertional intolerance in PASC. Cardiopulmonary exercise testing reveals perturbations related to systemic …

Antibiotic treatment during pregnancy and lactation in dams exacerbates clinical symptoms and inflammatory responses in offspring with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis.

A growing body of evidence demonstrates that an imbalance in the intensive communication between gut microbiota and the host might be associated with immune-related disorders such as multiple sclerosis. This study set out to determine whether antibiotic treatment during pregnancy and lactation can affect the onset and severity of clinical symptoms and inflammatory responses in offspring with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE; a mouse model of multiples sclerosis). Female C57BL/6 mice received antibiotics or vehicles during pregnancy and lactation, then their offspring were induced…

Potential Implications of Mammalian Transient Receptor Potential Melastatin 7 in the Pathophysiology of Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome: A Review.

The transient receptor potential (TRP) superfamily of ion channels is involved in the molecular mechanisms that mediate neuroimmune interactions and activities. Recent advancements in neuroimmunology have identified a role for TRP cation channels in several neuroimmune disorders including amyotropic lateral sclerosis, multiple sclerosis, and myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS). ME/CFS is a debilitating disorder with an obscure aetiology, hence considerable examination of its pathobiology is warranted. Dysregulation of TRP melastatin (TRPM) subfamily members and calcium …

Morpholino Analogues of Fingolimod as Novel and Selective S1P1 Ligands with In Vivo Efficacy in a Mouse Model of Experimental Antigen-Induced Encephalomyelitis.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic, inflammatory, autoimmune disease of the central nervous system (CNS) which is associated with lower life expectancy and disability. The experimental antigen-induced encephalomyelitis (EAE) in mice is a useful animal model of MS, which allows exploring the etiopathogenetic mechanisms and testing novel potential therapeutic drugs. A new therapeutic paradigm for the treatment of MS was introduced in 2010 through the sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) analogue fingolimod (FTY720, Gilenya®), which acts as a functional S1P1 antagonist on T lymphocytes to deplete thes…

Gut microbiome signature of Viliuisk encephalomyelitis in Yakuts includes an increase in microbes linked to lean body mass and eating behaviour.

BACKGROUND: Viliuisk encephalomyelitis (VE) is a rare endemic neurodegenerative disease occurring in the Yakut population of Northeastern Siberia. The main clinical features of VE are spasticity, dysarthria, dementia, central paresis and paralysis, and cortical atrophy observed via MRI. Many hypotheses have been proposed regarding its etiology, including infectious agents, genetics, environmental factors, and immunopathology. Each of these hypotheses has been supported to some extent by epidemiological and experimental data. Nevertheless, none of them has been decisively proven. Gut microbiome…