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Congenital Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Infection Mimicking Congenital Erosive and Vesicular Dermatosis: Possible Pathogenic Insights.

Congenital erosive and vesicular dermatosis (CEVD) is a rare entity of unknown etiology. We report a case of congenital herpes simplex virus (HSV) type 1 infection that healed with reticulated and supple scarring, similar to that seen in CEVD. Twenty percent of previously reported cases of CEVD had recurrent HSV infection throughout the first year of life. We postulate that at least some previous cases of CEVD may have been due to undiagnosed congenital HSV infection.

In vitro anti-herpes simplex virus-2 activity of Salvia desoleana Atzei & V. Picci essential oil.

Salvia desoleana Atzei & V. Picci is an indigenous species in Sardinia island used in folk medicine to treat menstrual, digestive and central nervous system diseases. Nowadays, it is widely cultivated for the pleasant smell of its essential oil (EO), whose antimicrobial and antifungal activities have already been screened. This study evaluated the in vitro anti-Herpes Simplex Virus-2 (HSV-2) activity of S. desoleana EO, fractions and main components: linalyl acetate, alpha terpinyl acetate, and germacrene D. Phytochemical composition of S. desoleana EO was studied by GC-FID/MS analysis and the…

Invasive Obstetric Procedures and Cesarean Sections in Women With Known Herpes Simplex Virus Status During Pregnancy.

BACKGROUND: Neonatal herpes is a potentially devastating infection that results from acquisition of herpes simplex virus (HSV) type 1 or 2 from the maternal genital tract at the time of vaginal delivery. Current guidelines recommend (1) cesarean delivery if maternal genital HSV lesions are present at the time of labor and (2) antiviral suppressive therapy for women with known genital herpes to decrease HSV shedding from the genital tract at the time of vaginal delivery. However, most neonatal infections occur in infants born to women without a history of genital HSV, making current prevention …

[Herpes simplex encephalitis initially presented with parietal cortex lesions mimicking acute ischemic stroke: A case report].

A 73-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital due to a decreased conscious level and a high fever. Six days before her admission, she fel … o stroke risk factors, and embolic sources were not detected. Cerebrospinal fluid analysis detected herpes simplex virus DNA. She was diagnosed with herpes simplex encephalitis (HSE). HSE is common encephalitis which develops fever, headache and alteration in mental status. It often involves temporal lobe, but extratemporal lesions alone are not uncommon. Diffus …

Расчистка ацикловирусного герпеса от вируса 1 и аденовирусной инфекции после трансплантации стволовых клеток.

Инфекции аденовирусом (АДВ) и герпесвирусами могут привести к значительной заболеваемости и смертности среди детей, получающих трансплантацию стволовых клеток. Реактивация вируса герпеса (HSV) обычно предотвращается ацикловиром (ACV), в то время как цидофовиром (CDV) используется для борьбы с инфекциями ADV. Мы сообщали о ребенке с миэлодизпластическим синдромом, который страдает множественным СХТ, у которого была болезнь HSV-1, включая тяжелый слизистой слизистой и герпетической витлоу, а также повышенная вирусная ДНК. Как ACV, так и CDV оказались неэффективными; однако вирусные нагрузки были

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
Infections with adenovirus (AdV) and herpesviruses can result in considerable morbidity and mortality in pediatric hematopoietic stem cell transplant (SCT) recipients. Herpes simplex virus (HSV) reactivations are usually prevented by acyclovir (ACV) prophylaxis, whereas cidofovir (CDV) has been used off indication to manage AdV infections. We report a child …

High Rate of β-Globin DNA Detection Validates Self-Sampling in Herpes Simplex Virus Shedding Studies.

BACKGROUND: Self-sampling is a convenient, feasible, and acceptable way of collecting genital specimens, but the veracity of reported self-collection is difficult to verify. We investigated whether a host gene, β-globin, can be used to confirm adequacy of self-collected mucosal and skin genital specimens in studies of genital herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) infection. METHODS: Herpes simplex virus type 2-seropositive adults self-collected daily anogenital and oral swabs. Mucosal samples were tested for HSV DNA using a real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction assay. A real-time Taq…

Synthetic pregnenolone derivatives as antiviral agents against acyclovir-resistant isolates of Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1.

The conventional therapy for the management of Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 (HSV-1) infections mainly comprises acyclovir (ACV) and other nucleoside analogues. A common outcome of this treatment is the emergence of resistant viral strains, principally when immunosuppressed patients are involved. Thus, the development of new antiherpetic compounds remains as a central challenge. In this work we describe the synthesis and the in vitro antiherpetic activity of a new family of steroidal compounds derived from the endogenous hormone pregnenolone. Some of these derivatives showed a remarkable inhibit…

Herpes simplex type 2 virus deleted in glycoprotein D protects against vaginal, skin and neural disease.

Subunit vaccines comprised of glycoprotein D (gD-2) failed to prevent HSV-2 highlighting need for novel strategies. To test the hypothesis that deletion of gD-2 unmasks protective antigens, we evaluated the efficacy and safety of an HSV-2 virus deleted in gD-2 and complemented allowing a single round of replication on cells expressing HSV-1 gD (ΔgD(-/+gD-1)). Subcutaneous immunization of C57BL/6 or BALB/c mice with ΔgD(-/+gD1) provided 100% protection against lethal intravaginal or skin challenges and prevented latency. ΔgD(-/+gD1) elicited no disease in SCID mice, whereas 1000-fold lower dose

Varicella-Zoster Virus and Herpes Simplex Virus 1 Differentially Modulate NKG2D Ligand Expression during Productive Infection.

UNLABELLED: Natural killer (NK) cell-deficient patients are particularly susceptible to severe infection with herpesviruses, especially varicella-zoster virus (VZV) and herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1). The critical role that NK cells play in controlling these infections denotes an intricate struggle for dominance between virus and NK cell antiviral immunity; however, research in this area has remained surprisingly limited. Our study addressed this absence of knowledge and found that infection with VZV was not associated with enhanced NK cell activation, suggesting that the virus uses specific m…

Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 and Other Pathogens are Key Causative Factors in Sporadic Alzheimer's Disease.

This review focuses on research in epidemiology, neuropathology, molecular biology, and genetics regarding the hypothesis that pathogens interact with susceptibility genes and are causative in sporadic Alzheimer's disease (AD). Sporadic AD is a complex multifactorial neurodegenerative disease with evidence indicating coexisting multi-pathogen and inflammatory etiologies. There are significant associations between AD and various pathogens, including Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1), Cytomegalovirus, and other Herpesviridae, Chlamydophila pneumoniae, spirochetes, Helicobacter pylori, and vari…

Potent efficacy signals from systemically administered oncolytic herpes simplex virus (HSV1716) in hepatocellular carcinoma xenograft models.

Oncolytic herpes simplex virus (HSV1716), lacking the neurovirulence factor ICP34.5, has highly selective replication competence for cancer cells and has been used in clinical studies of glioma, melanoma, head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, pediatric non-central nervous system solid tumors, and malignant pleural mesothelioma. To date, 88 patients have received HSV1716 and the virus is well tolerated, with selective replication in tumor cells and no spread to surrounding normal tissue. We assessed the potential value of HSV1716 in preclinical studies with two human hepatocellular carcinoma c…

Inhibition of ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) kinase suppresses herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) keratitis.

PURPOSE: Herpes keratitis (HK) remains the leading cause of cornea-derived blindness in the developed world, despite the availability of effective antiviral drugs. Treatment toxicity and the emergence of drug resistance highlight the need for additional therapeutic approaches. This study examined ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM), an apical kinase in the host DNA damage response, as a potential new target for the treatment of HK. METHODS: Small molecule inhibitor of ATM (KU-55933) was used to treat herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) infection in three experimental models: (1) in vitro--cul…

[Herpes simplex virus type 2 fulminant hepatitis after umbilical cord blood transplantation for acute myeloid leukemia].

This report describes a 41-year-old patient, who developed herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2)-hepatitis after umbilical cord blood transplantation (CBT). The patient had received allogeneic bone marrow transplantation from an unrelated donor for acute myeloid leukemia (AML) not in remission. AML relapsed 18 months after the first transplantation, and CBT was performed. AML relapsed again 5 months later and the patient was given chemotherapy. Although there was no active chronic graft-versus-host disease, liver dysfunction appeared, and one week later, progressed to acute liver failure. Viral …

Predictors of undiagnosed herpes simplex virus type 2 seropositivity among persons attending an HIV care clinic.

We evaluated herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) sero- positivity in an HIV clinic- based population with CD4 lymphocytes counts ≥250 cells/μL and no previous knowledge of HSV-2 infection by history of serology. We demonstrate that although the seroprevalence of HSV-2 is higher in this HIV-infected population, predictors of HSV-2 seropositivity are similar to those in the general population.

Adaptive and innate transforming growth factor beta signaling impact herpes simplex virus 1 latency and reactivation.

Innate and adaptive immunity play important protective roles by combating herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) infection. Transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) is a key negative cytokine regulator of both innate and adaptive immune responses. Yet, it is unknown whether TGF-β signaling in either immune compartment impacts HSV-1 replication and latency. We undertook genetic approaches to address these issues by infecting two different dominant negative TGF-β receptor type II transgenic mouse lines. These mice have specific TGF-β signaling blockades in either T cells or innate cells. Mice were ocularly …

An anti-inflammatory role of VEGFR2/Src kinase inhibitor in herpes simplex virus 1-induced immunopathology.

Corneal neovascularization represents a key step in the blinding inflammatory stromal keratitis (SK) lesion caused by ocular infection with herpes simplex virus (HSV). In this report, we describe a novel approach for limiting the angiogenesis caused by HSV infection of the mouse eye. We show that topical or systemic administration of the Src kinase inhibitor (TG100572) that inhibits downstream molecules involved in the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) signaling pathway resulted in markedly diminished levels of HSV-induced angiogenesis and significantly reduced the severity of SK lesio…

Oncolytic herpes simplex virus expressing yeast cytosine deaminase: relationship between viral replication, transgene expression, prodrug bioactivation.

Yeast cytosine deaminase (yCD) is a well-characterized prodrug/enzyme system that converts 5-fluorocytosine (5-FC) to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), and has been combined with oncolytic viruses. However, in vivo studies of the interactions between 5-FC bioactivation and viral replication have not been previously reported, nor have the kinetics of transgene expression and the pharmacokinetics of 5-FC and 5-FU. We constructed a replication-conditional Herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) expressing yCD and examined cytotoxicity when 5-FC was initiated at different times after viral infection, and observed tha…

Hepatocyte growth factor incorporated into herpes simplex virus vector accelerates facial nerve regeneration after crush injury.

Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) promotes regeneration of the central nervous system, but its effects on the peripheral nervous system remain unclear. This study was conducted to elucidate the effect of HGF on regeneration of the murine facial nerve after crush injury. To do so, a replication-defective herpes simplex virus vector that incorporated HGF was prepared (HSV-HGF). The main trunk of the facial nerve was compressed by mosquito hemostats, and HSV-HGF, control vector or medium was then applied to the compressed nerve. We found that mice in the HGF group required significantly fewer days f…