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Hepatitis E virus: reasons for emergence in humans.

Hepatitis E virus (HEV) infects both humans and other animal species. Recently, we have seen a steady increase in autochthonous cases of human HEV infection in certain areas especially in Europe, and large outbreaks in several African countries among the displaced population. This mini-review critically analyzes potential host, environmental, and viral factors that may be associated with the emergence of hepatitis E in humans. The existence of numerous HEV reservoir animals such as pig, deer and rabbit results in human exposure to infected animals via direct contact or through animal meat cons…

Display Modes of Personal Ornaments in the Upper Palaeolithic Sites of Istria, Croatia.

In the attempt to understand culture and social behavior of prehistoric populations, findings of personal ornaments are of particular interest. Personal ornaments in their formal expressions (marine shells and snails, river snails, animal teeth, modified animal bones etc.) not only point to an universal idea of decoration and aesthetic sensibility, but may also reveal contact zones and communication paths. Perforated animal teeth, mostly deer canines, reveal us not only symbolic, but also some important sociocultural aspects of behavior of prehistoric populations. In order to test whether ther…

Epidemiologic relatedness between Brucella abortus isolates from livestock and wildlife in South Korea.

To investigate the epidemiologic relatedness of Brucella abortus isolates from Chinese water deer (Hydropotes inermis) and goral (Naemorhedus goral raddeanus) in 2010-2011, 22l isolates from livestock (including domestic elk, Cervus canadensis) were analyzed using the multilocus variable-number tandem repeats analysis. In the clustering analysis, Korean B. abortus isolates were divided into 40 genotypes by 18 markers, and 2 B. abortus isolates from wildlife were clustered with those of domestic cattle. Based on the minimum spanning tree, B. abortus isolates from wildlife were closely related t…

Antigenic, phenotypic and molecular characterization confirms Babesia odocoilei isolated from three cervids.

Babesia isolates from an elk (Cervus elaphus canadensis) and a caribou (Rangifer tarandus caribou) with fatal infections were compared to Babesia odocoilei (Engeling isolate) from white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) by experimental infection, serologic, and small subunit ribosomal RNA (SSU rRNA) gene sequence analysis studies. Both the indirect fluorescent antibody test and immunoprecipitation assays demonstrated antigenic variation among the isolates. Experimental infection studies showed no clinical differences among the isolates. Nucleotide sequence analysis showed that the elk and c…

[Lyme disease: an update].

Lyme disease is an emerging infection caused by the spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi. It is the most common vector-borne disease in the USA and Europe, and it is transmitted to humans through the bite of ticks of the genus Ixodes. Its animal reservoirs are the white-tailed deer, the white-footed mouse, and other small mammals. It is considered the new "great imitator", with its diagnosis being a major challenge. Traditionally it is divided into four stages, early localized disease, early disseminated, late disease, and the post-Lyme syndrome. Clinical manifestations may be both cutaneous and sy…

Гены, связанные с иммунитетом, в Иксоде, лопатки - спектральные из геномной информации.

Ixodes scapularis, известный как олень, передает широкий спектр человеческих и животных патогенов, включая Боррелию Бурдорфери. Несмотря на существенный прогресс в нашем понимании иммунитета в модельных артроподах, включая другие переносчики болезней, как именно I. лопаточный иммунитет функционирует и влияет на стойкость вторгающихся патогенов по-прежнему в значительной степени неизвестен. Этот обзор содержит всеобъемлющий анализ недавно последовательности генома I. scapularis для выявления генов, связанных с иммунной деятельностью, и соответствующих путей. Мы также обсудим потенциальное влия

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
Ixodes scapularis, commonly known as the deer tick, transmits a wide array of human and animal pathogens including Borrelia burgdorferi. Despite substantial advances in our understanding of immunity in model arthropods, including other disease vectors, precisely how I. scapularis immunity functions and influences persistence of invading pathogens remains lar…

Distance measurements in Au nanoparticles functionalized with nitroxide radicals and Gd(3+)-DTPA chelate complexes.

Nanosized gold particles were functionalised with two types of paramagnetic surface tags, one having a nitroxide radical and the other one c … d approximation is only roughly valid. The dipolar frequency analysis confirms the applicability of DEER for distance measurements in such complexes and gives an estimate for the magnitudes of possible systematic errors due to the non-ideality of the measurement of the dipole-dipole interaction.

Spinal Cord Stimulation for the Treatment of Upper and Lower Extremity Neuropathic Pain due to Lyme Disease.

Background.  Lyme disease is caused by Borrelia, a bacterium transmitted by the bite of a deer tick. A slow developing encephalopathy or an axonal polyneuropathy with distal paresthesia and spinal or radicular pain rarely occurs and can be hard to treat. Materials and Methods.  We report here the case of a 44-year-old woman with four-limb, intolerable, neuropathic pain as sequelae to Lyme disease, which was resistant to conservative measures and was treated successfully with concurrent, thoracic, and cervical percutaneous spinal cord stimulation (SCS). Results.  After 18 months of therapy and …

A brief review of infectious and parasitic diseases of wapiti, with emphasis on western Canada and the northwestern United States.

In this paper I review diseases reported in both captive and free-ranging wapiti in western North America, with some reference to diseases in captive red deer in Great Britain, Europe, New Zealand, and eastern North America.With the exception of coronavirus in neonates, few viral agents are reported to cause serious disease losses in wapiti in North America at this time. Bacterial diseases of current significance include brucellosis (focus in Wyoming), clostridial diseases, coliform enteritis of neonates, pasteurellosis, and necrobacillosis. The endoparasites most likely to be seen causing les…

Autoantibodies to chromosomal domains in rheumatic diseases.

Autoantibodies to chromosomal proteins are frequently found in the sera of certain patients with rheumatic diseases. In patients with scleroderma, especially in those with the CREST syndrome, autoantibodies to a specific chromosomal domain (centromere) have been found as a common feature. In this report we describe the results of a study that utilized chromosomes prepared from fibroblasts of an Asiatic deer, the Indian Muntjac (IM). This substrate is sensitive and allows a more precise localization of chromosomal antigens. Using IM chromosomes we provide evidence that antibodies directed again…

Quantification of Neutralizing Antibodies of Tick-Borne Viruses Using Focus Neutralization Assays.

Tick-borne flaviviruses, such as Powassan virus (POWV) or Deer tick virus (DTV), can elicit robust humoral responses in animal models of disease (Hermanceet al., PLoS Negl Trop Dis 14(6):e0008359, 2020; Stone et al., Cell Rep 38(7):110388, 2022; Reynolds et al., Comp Med 67:232-241, 2017). Several aspects of humoral immunity to tick-borne flaviviruses are unknown; however, convalescent serum can offer partial protection against a POWV challenge naïve immune-competent animals (Stone et al., Cell Rep 38(7):110388, 2022). Accurately quantifying the neutralizing titers of protective antibodies all…

Spatial heterogeneity of prion gene polymorphisms in an area recently infected by chronic wasting disease.

Genetic variability in the prion protein (Prnp) gene influences host susceptibility to many pathogenic prion diseases. Understanding the distribution of susceptible Prnp variants and determining factors influencing spatial genetic patterns are important components of many chronic wasting disease mitigation strategies. Here, we describe Prnp variability in white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) from the Mid-Atlantic region of the United States of America, an area with a recent history of infection and low disease incidence. This population is characterized by lower rates of polymorphism and…

Transgenerational effects of environmental enrichment on repetitive motor behavior development.

The favorable consequences of environmental enrichment (EE) on brain and behavior development are well documented. Much less is known, however, about transgenerational benefits of EE on non-enriched offspring. We explored whether transgenerational effects of EE might extend to the development of repetitive motor behaviors in deer mice. Repetitive motor behaviors are invariant patterns of movement that, across species, can be reduced by EE. We found that EE not only attenuated the development of repetitive behavior in dams, but also in their non-enriched offspring. Moreover, maternal behavior d…

Isolation of Yersinia enterocolitica from a dog with chronic enteritis: a case report.

During recent years, Yersinia enterocolitica has been isolated from humans and various animal species in connection with intestinal disorders, such as acute ileitis and appendicitis. Cases of septicaemia, polyarthritis and erythema nodosum have also been described (Mollaret & Destombes 1964, Nilehn 1969, Winblad 1969, Lassen 1972, Langford 1972). Y. enterocolitica has been isolated most frequently from chinchillas and hares, but sporadic isolations from deer, cow, horse, rabbit, goat and dog have been reported (Langford, Krogstad et al. 1972). In Norway, an outbreak of the disease in a goat he…

Isoindoline-Based Nitroxides as Bioresistant Spin Labels for Protein Labeling through Cysteines and Alkyne-Bearing Noncanonical Amino Acids.

Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy in combination with site-directed spin labeling (SDSL) is a powerful tool in protein stru … duction in prokaryotic and eukaryotic environments, and conduct double electron-electron resonance (DEER) measurements. We further generate a rotamer library for the new residue pENF-Az-TEIO that affords a distance distribution that is in agreement with the measured distribution.

A Korean patient with Guillain-Barré syndrome following acute hepatitis E whose cholestasis resolved with steroid therapy.

Autochthonous hepatitis E virus (HEV) is an emerging pathogen in developed countries, and several cases of acute HEV infection have been reported in South Korea. However, there have been no reports on HEV-associated Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) in Korea. We recently experienced the case of a 58-year-old Korean male with acute HEV infection after ingesting raw deer meat. Persistent cholestasis was resolved by the administration of prednisolone. At 2.5 months after the clinical presentation of HEV infection, the patient developed weakness of the lower limbs, and was diagnosed with GBS associate…

In the lymelight: law and clinical practice guidelines.

Almost from the beginning, the Ixodes scapularis and I pacificus, adult deer ticks, have been a breeding ground not only for Lyme disease, but also for political dissent. Most recently, the battleground moved into the arena of clinical practice guidelines. Both camps in the "Lyme Wars"-the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) and the International Lyme and Associated Diseases Society (ILADS)-have published Lyme disease practice guidelines. The guidelines conflict regarding diagnosis and treatment. The state of Connecticut's Attorney General's office conducted an investigation, under a…

Bullet fragment within the appendix: a case report.

A 9-year-old Caucasian male presented initially to his pediatrician with abdominal pain. The child underwent a UGI, which showed mild gastric erosions, however the scout film revealed a metal fragment lodged near the right sacroiliac joint on the AP view. The child was referred to a general surgeon who conducted a series of other diagnostic tests, which ultimately revealed and verified that the metal fragment was lodged in the distal appendix. Careful family history obtained showed that the family eats a great deal of wild game, including deer meat. It was felt that this metal fragment was a p…

Selective blockade of spontaneous motor stereotypy via intrastriatal pharmacological manipulation.

Abnormal repetitive behavior, including stereotypy, is often observed in conjunction with developmental, neuropsychiatric, and genetic disorders. The present work employed the deer mouse model of spontaneous and persistent stereotypy to identify basal ganglia involvement in the mediation of these abnormal behaviors. To evaluate the hypothesis that stereotypy is expressed in these mice due to alterations in the activity of cortico-basal ganglia motor circuits, intrastriatal pharmacological manipulations aimed at attenuating the spontaneously emitted stereotypy were performed. Bilateral striatal…