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Obesity, Bariatric Surgery, and Cancer Risk: Nutritional Perspectives and Long-Term Clinical Implications.

Obesity is recognized as a causal risk factor for the development of multiple cancers, with risk magnitude varying by tumor site, sex, life stage, and adipose tissue distribution. This narrative review synthesizes recent epidemiological evidence linking excess body fatness with cancer incidence and mortality and integrates the biological mechanisms that explain this association. Chronic low-grade inflammation, insulin resistance with compensatory hyperinsulinemia, dysregulation of adipose-derived hormones and sex steroids, impairment of anti-tumor immune responses, alterations in the gut micro

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… These pharmacokinetic changes are relevant to cancer risk because ethanol’s carcinogenicity is largely mediated by acetaldehyde, its first metabolite [ 228 ]. … In this context, a post-bariatric shift toward higher peak ethanol exposure may plausibly increase mucosal acetaldehyde burden per drinking episode, compounding epithelial injury and DNA damage risk across repeated exposures [ 232 ]. …

Cancer incidence in the vicinity of open landfills in Guadeloupe, French West Indies.

BackgroundPeople living in the vicinity of a landfill may be exposed to a wide range of pollutants, with possible subsequent health effects, including increased risks of cancer. The aim of the present study was to explore associations between cancer incidence and proximity to the main open landfills in Guadeloupe.MethodsWe used data from the Guadeloupe cancer registry over the period from 2008 to 2017. We conducted analyses for the 18 most frequent cancer sites. We used the Besag York and Mollié model to study the association between cancer incidence and distance from a landfill, with adjustme

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… Tetrachloroethylene [ 21 ] is classified as probably carcinogenic, while ethylbenzene [ 22 ] and acetaldehyde [ 23 ] are possible carcinogens. … Acetaldehyde, IARC Monogr Eval Carcinog Risks Hum. Pt 2 PT 2. 1999;71:319–35. 24. Istvan M, Rouget F, Michineau L, Monfort C, Multigner L, Viel J-F. Landfills and preterm birth in the Guadeloupe Archipelago (French West Indies): a Spatial cluster analysis. Trop Med Health. 2019;47:4. 25. …

Alcohol Consumption and Autoimmune Diseases.

Alcohol is the second-most misused substance after tobacco. It has been identified as a causal factor in more than 200 diseases and 5.3% of all deaths and is associated with significant behavioral, social, and economic difficulties. As alcohol consumption may modulate the immune system's regulatory mechanisms to avoid attacking the body's tissues, it has been proven to play a dichotomic role in autoimmune diseases (ADs) based on the quantity of consumption. In this review, we report updated evidence on the role of alcohol in ADs, with a focus on alcohol addiction and the human biological immun

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… The production of acetaldehyde through oxidative metabolism is a primary contributor to alcohol-induced toxicity. … Early studies on mice found that ethanol and its metabolite acetaldehyde may have protective properties against RA [ 84 ]. These results have been associated with the downregulation of leukocyte migration and decreased NF-kB activation. …

Metabolism-related ALDH1B1 acts as potential predictor and therapeutic target for primary gastrointestinal diffuse large B-cell lymphoma.

Primary gastrointestinal diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (PGI-DLBCL) is the most common extra-nodal DLBCL. Metabolism-related factors have been associated with tumor progression, but the relationship between abnormal metabolism and prognosis of PGI-DLBCL remains unelucidated. In our study, consensus clustering based on metabolism-related genes classified PGI-DLBCL patients into two metabolic subtypes, and poor prognosis was associated with immunosuppressive microenvironment. A prognostic signature based on five metabolism-related genes (APOE, ALDH6 A1, PLOD2, IKBKB and ALDH1B1) was developed. Pa

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… Supplementary Material 1 Supplementary Material 2 Supplementary Material 3 Abbreviations Amino acid metabolism-related genes Albumin to globulin ratio Albumin Acetaldehyde dehydrogenase Acetaldehyde dehydrogenase 1B1 Apolipoprotein A Apolipoprotein B Apolipoprotein A to apolipoprotein B ratio … C, He Y (2023) Prognostic and immunological role of acetaldehyde dehydrogenase 1B1 in human tumors: A pan-cancer analysis. …

Additive Manufacturing for Occupational Hygiene: A Comprehensive Review of Processes, Emissions, & Exposures.

This comprehensive review introduces occupational (industrial) hygienists and toxicologists to the seven basic additive manufacturing (AM) p … luene, xylenes), asthmagens (methyl methacrylate, styrene), and carcinogens (benzene, formaldehyde, acetaldehyde). Real-time photoionization detectors for total volatile organics provided useful information for processes that utilize polymer feedstock materials. More research is needed to understand 1) facility-, machine-, and feedstock-related factors that in …

Noradrenergic inputs from locus coeruleus to posterior ventral tegmental area are essential to support ethanol reinforcement.

Although dysregulation of the dopaminergic mesolimbic system is generally considered central to addiction, the involvement of other circuits is increasingly being appreciated. An interaction between locus coeruleus (LC) noradrenergic neurons and the posterior ventral tegmental area (pVTA) dopaminergic system, in the processing of drug-triggered reward, has been suggested, but not demonstrated in behaving animals. Herein, we try to tease out the precise role of noradrenergic neurons in the LC-VTA circuit in mediating reward and reinforcement behavior associated with ethanol. In the standard two

Concentrations of air toxics in motor vehicle-dominated environments.

We at the Desert Research Institute (DRI*) measured volatile organic compounds (VOCs), including several mobile-source air toxics (MSATs), p … r BTEX were obtained for 1,3-butadiene (BD) and styrene. On-road concentrations of formaldehyde and acetaldehyde were up to two times higher than at air toxics monitoring sites, with fall ratios slightly higher than summer ratios. Chemical mass balance (CMB) receptor model calculations attributed the sum of BTEX almost exclusively to gasoline engine exhaust fo …

Epidemiological science and cancer control.

Epidemiological methods are essential for the discovery of cancer risks and prognostic factors as well as for the evaluation of cancer prevention measures. In this review, we discuss epidemiological surveillance procedures for data collection and processing to guide and evaluate the consequences of anticancer efforts for populations, assess the identification of cancer risk factors, examine barriers to cancer screening and recommended rules for early diagnosis programs. Epidemiological studies have shown that hindrances to cancer information assessment are currently encountered in developing c

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… Studies on gene-environment interactions (GxEs) consistently found a higher risk of alcohol-related cancers among individuals with deficiencies in the oxidation of acetaldehyde to acetate 29 . … For example, in studies using this approach, acetaldehyde-metabolizing genes have been linked to head and neck cancer 108 , and genetic scores for higher adult BMIs were correlated with increased risks of colorectal, ovarian and lung cancer 109 . …

[Determination of 40 carbonyl compounds in ambient air by high performance liquid chromatography-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry].

Carbonyl compounds （CCs） are a pivotal class of oxygenated volatile organic compounds in ambient air， which are mainly derived from natural … cept for 2-furaldehyde and isophorone， 38 CCs were effectively detected. Among these， formaldehyde， acetaldehyde and nonanal consistently showed higher concentrations across all sampling sites. Overall， the concentrations of low molecular weight monocarbonyl compounds （LMW-MCs） were moderately higher than those of HMW-MCs， and substantially higher than those o …

Pyridoxine/pyridoxal-5'-phosphate repletion to improve outcomes of alcohol withdrawal syndrome and promote long-term abstinence: a hypothesis.

INTRODUCTION: Deficiency of pyridoxal-5'-phosphate, the clinically measured and active form of pyridoxine (vitamin B6), is prevalent among t … ency in alcohol use disorder occurs in part because alcohol is oxidized by alcohol dehydrogenase to acetaldehyde, which displaces pyridoxal-5'-phosphate from binding proteins, exposing it to hydrolysis by phosphatases. Hepatic disease promotes deficiency through increased phosphatase activity. Other mechanisms, including poor nutritional intake, likely contrib …

Exposures to IARC Carcinogenic Agents in Work Settings Not Traditionally Associated with Sinonasal Cancer Risk: The Experience of the Italian National Sinonasal Cancer Registry.

The aim of this study is to highlight tasks and jobs not commonly considered at high risk for sinonasal cancer (SNC) identified by Regional Operating Centers currently active in the Italian National Sinonasal Cancer Registry (ReNaTuNS), which retrieve occupational histories through a standardized questionnaire. Data on exposures to IARC carcinogenic agents in work settings unknown to be associated with SNC risk were collected and analyzed. Out of 2,208 SNC cases recorded in the ReNaTuNS database, 216 cases and their worked exposure periods were analyzed. Unsuspected jobs with exposure to wood

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… Samples taken from the pastry shop of a bus terminal area showed significant concentrations of formaldehyde, although acetaldehyde predominated. The authors suggest that such results depend on the activities carried out inside the pastry shop, related to food preparation [ 27 ]. … In this regard, a recent hypothesis is that formaldehyde and acetaldehyde exposure occurs in bakeries and pastry industries particularly in processes that involve a strong leavening [ 28 ]. Other exposures to formaldehyde in this study were observed in tire production finishing. …

Real-World Vehicle Emissions Characterization for the Shing Mun Tunnel in Hong Kong and Fort McHenry Tunnel in the United States.

INTRODUCTION: Motor vehicle exhaust is an important source of air pollutants and greenhouse gases. Concerns over the health and climate effe … ase, with larger (four and more aromatic rings) PAHs mostly in the particulate phase. Formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, crotonaldehyde, and acetone were the most abundant carbonyl compounds in the SMT. In the FMT, the most abundant carbonyls were formaldehyde, acetone, acetaldehyde, and propionaldehyde. HD vehicles emitted about threefold more carbonyl compounds tha …

STUDY OF THE PROCESSES OF LIPID PEROXIDATION, THE STATE OF THE ANTIOXIDANT SYSTEM IN PATIENTS WITH POLYTRAUMA AND ALCOHOL ANAMNESIS.

The effectiveness of management of patients with severe combined trauma and alcohol withdrawal syndrome, complicated alcoholic delirium rema … y a consequence of the negative impact of the products of chronic endogenous intoxication, alcohol, acetaldehyde on hepatocytes, where detoxification processes occur in the body of patients with chronic alcoholism and alcohol withdrawal syndrome. During the study, a significant suppression of the activity of all studied enzymes was found in patients with polyt …

Personal and ambient exposures to air toxics in Camden, New Jersey.

Personal exposures and ambient concentrations of air toxics were characterized in a pollution "hot spot" and an urban reference site, both i … ere the main contributors to benzene and MTBE air pollution in both neighborhoods. Formaldehyde and acetaldehyde concentrations were found to be high in both neighborhoods. Mean (+/- SD) concentrations of formaldehyde were 20.2 +/- 19.5 microg/m3 in Waterfront South and 24.8 +/- 20.8 microg/m3 in Copewood-Davis. A similar trend was observed for the two compoun …

Acute Pancreatitis: Genetic Risk and Clinical Implications.

Acute pancreatitis (AP) is one of the most common gastroenterological indications for emergency admittance and hospitalization. Gallstones, alcohol consumption or the presence of additional initiating factors give rise to a disease with a diverse clinical appearance and a hard-to predict course of progression. One major challenge in the treatment of AP patients is the early identification of patients at risk for the development of systemic complications and organ failure. In addition, 20%-30% of patients with a first episode of AP later experience progress to recurrent or chronic disease. Comp

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… Variants of ADH and ALDH enzymes are believed to influence alcoholism risk by local elevation of acetaldehyde, a toxic substance whose accumulation leads to a highly aversive reaction that includes facial flushing, nausea, and rapid heartbeat (i.e., tachycardia). … ALDH2 eliminates the majority of the acetaldehyde; however, the ALDH2*2 variant is enzymatically nearly inactive [ 21 ]. …

Poly(ethylene glycol)-Prodrug Conjugates: Concept, Design, and Applications.

Poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) is the most widely used polymer in delivering anticancer drugs clinically. PEGylation (i.e., the covalent attachment of PEG) of peptides proteins, drugs, and bioactives is known to enhance the aqueous solubility of hydrophobic drugs, prolong circulation time, minimize nonspecific uptake, and achieve specific tumor targetability through the enhanced permeability and retention effect. Numerous PEG-based therapeutics have been developed, and several have received market approval. A vast amount of clinical experience has been gained which has helped to design PEG prodru

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… As represented in Figure 7(a) , tresylate 12 alkylates directly, while acetaldehyde 13 is used in reductive alkylation reactions. Numbers 1–13 represent the order in which these activated polymers were introduced [ 6 , 36 ]. Figure 7 (a) mPEG-based protein-modifying methods. … As represented in (b) tresylate 12 alkylates directly, while acetaldehyde (13) is used in reductive alkylation reactions. The numbering (1–13) represent to the order in which these activated polymers were introduced (reproduced from [ 6 , 36 ]). …

Repurposing Disulfiram as an Anti-Obesity Drug: Treating and Preventing Obesity in High-Fat-Fed Rats.

Background and objectivesA drug repurposing strategy is an approach for identifying new therapeutic uses for approved or investigational drugs. Thanks to the moderate cost of repurposing a drug compared to bringing new chemical entity to the market, drug repurposing is rapidly gaining ground. The aim of this work is to study the anti-obesity effect of disulfiram (DSF), an irreversible aldehyde dehydrogenase inhibitor approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to treat chronic alcoholism since 1951.MethodsThirty male Albino rats were randomly assigned to six groups. G1, the control grou

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… Disulfiram blocks the alcohol metabolism at the acetaldehyde stage, leading to the accumulation of the latter in the blood. …

Overcoming Drug Resistance in Advanced Prostate Cancer by Drug Repurposing.

Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second most common cancer in men. Common treatments include active surveillance, surgery, or radiation. Androgen deprivation therapy and chemotherapy are usually reserved for advanced disease or biochemical recurrence, such as castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC), but they are not considered curative because PCa cells eventually develop drug resistance. The latter is achieved through various cellular mechanisms that ultimately circumvent the pharmaceutical's mode of action. The need for novel therapeutic approaches is necessary under these circumstances. An

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… Disulfiram’s mechanisms of action are closely linked to the acetaldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH)-related cellular metabolic processes. For example, disulfiram-mediated acetaldehyde metabolism is a viable therapeutic target for BRCA1/2-deficient cancer cells [ 247 ]. …

Плазма и вицеральный орган Kynurenin Metabolites Коррелат в Multical Sclerosis Cuprizon Animal Model.

Модель нескольких склерозов (MS) капризона (CPZ) является прекрасной для изучения молекулярных различий, связанных с ущербом, причиненным отравлением. Метаболические различия в кинуреньиновом пути (КП) разложения триптофана (TRP) наблюдаются как в MS, так и в модели мыши CPZ. Наша цель состояла в том, чтобы проанализировать кинуреньин, серотонин и индоловые пути деградации ТРП на периферии, в нейродегенеративных процессах воспаления. В нашем исследовании мыши питались 0,2% токсина CPZ в течение 5 недель. Мы изучили метаболиты на трех путях разрушения ТРП в моче, плазме и соответствующих висцер

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… During the microbial degradation of TRP, a number of active indole derivatives are produced in the indole pathway, including indole, tryptamine, indoxyl sulfate (IS), skatole, indole-3-lactic acid (ILA), indole-3-pyruvate, indole-3-aldehyde, indole-3-acetaldehyde, indole-3-acetate, and indole-3-acetic …

Последствия злоупотребления наркотиками для путей ферроптоза: потенциальные терапевтические цели для расстройств, связанных с потреблением психоактивных веществ.

Серьезными проблемами в области здравоохранения во всем мире, особенно в развитых странах, по-прежнему являются расстройства, связанные с потреблением психоактивных веществ. Для ОСВ характерна устойчивая нейроинфламмация и синаптическая дисфункция мозга. Несмотря на десятилетия интенсивного расследования, детальные механизмы, лежащие в основе ВСГ, по-прежнему остаются иллюзорными. Ферроптоз — это высокорегулируемый процесс смерти клеток, на который сильно влияют метаболизм железа, пероксидация липидов, производство реактивных видов кислорода (РОС) и антиоксидантные системы. Он был связан с мно

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… Alcohol and its metabolite acetaldehyde induce oxidative and inflammatory signaling leading to increased hepcidin expression in microglia ( Nemeth et al., 2004 ). … In the brain, chronic alcohol enhances ROS production by inducing cytochrome P450 2E1, while acetaldehyde and ROS can cause mitochondrial membranes collapse, further exacerbating electron leakage ( Howard et al., 2003 ). …