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Cost-effectiveness analysis of universal varicella vaccination in Turkey using a dynamic transmission model.

BACKGROUND: In 2013, Turkey introduced one-dose universal varicella vaccination (UVV) at 12 months of age. Inclusion of a second dose is being considered. METHODS: We developed a dynamic transmission model to evaluate three vaccination strategies: single dose at 12 months (1D) or second dose at either 18 months (2D-short) or 6 years of age (2D-long). Costs and utilization were age-stratified and separated into inpatient and outpatient costs for varicella and herpes zoster (HZ). We ran the model including and excluding HZ-related costs and impact of exogenous boosting. RESULTS: Five years pos

Impact of a vaccination programme in children vaccinated with ProQuad, and ProQuad-specific effectiveness against varicella in the Veneto region of Italy.

BACKGROUND: Monovalent varicella vaccines have been available in the Veneto Region of Italy since 2004. In 2006, a single vaccine dose was added to the immunisation calendar for children aged 14 months. ProQuad®, a quadrivalent measles-mumps-rubella-varicella vaccine, was introduced in May 2007 and used, among other varicella vaccines, until October 2008. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a single dose of ProQuad, and the population impact of a vaccination program (VP) against varicella of any severity in children who received a first dose of ProQuad at 14 months of age in the

Varicella-zoster virus seroprevalence in children and adolescents in the pre-varicella vaccine era, Germany.

BACKGROUND: In 2004, universal childhood varicella vaccination was introduced in Germany. We aimed to determine the age-specific prevalence … being VZV seronegative and should be targeted for catch-up vaccination, if they have no history of chickenpox. ELISAs are suitable for use in population-level serosurveys on VZV, but samples with equivocal ELISA results should be retested by FAMA.

Seroprevalence of varicella zoster antibodies among children with malnutrition, malignancies and HIV infection.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the seroprevalence of varicella zoster in paediatric patients at a high risk of developing complications. DESIGN: A cross-sectional study. SETTING: Paediatric general wards at Kenyatta National Hospital. SUBJECTS: Children with malignancies, severe malnutrition and were HIV positive. INTERVENTIONS: The sample size was calculated at 147 subjects. Venous samples were tested for varicella zoster virus (VZV) antibodies using enzyme immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique at Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI) laboratories, The data were analysed using the SPSS softwa

Varicella in pediatric liver transplant patients: a retrospective analysis of treatment and outcome.

BACKGROUND: Varicella is a common childhood disease that can cause morbidity and mortality among immunosuppressed patients. There have been few previous studies monitoring the course of pediatric liver transplant patients with acute varicella. The aim of this study was to evaluate the treatment, outcomes, and complications of pediatric liver transplant patients admitted with acute varicella infection. METHODS: A retrospective chart review was carried out based on discharge diagnoses of orthotopic liver transplant and varicella among pediatric patients (age range, birth-18 years) admitted to t

Germ factories or immune boot camps? Infection and immunity in childcare settings.

SUMMARYChildcare outside the home is a common experience for many children in high-income countries. It is associated with an increase in th … ether there are effective interventions to reduce illness associated with childcare, as the UK adds chickenpox to the childhood vaccination schedule. Finally, we consider evidence suggesting a trade-off between infections earlier in life and when children start formal schooling. We conclude that the high burden of infection in young children is normal, linke …

Comparative analysis of varicella-zoster virus and herpes simplex virus 1 interaction with epidermal terminal differentiation in primary human keratinocytes models of differentiation.

Varicella-zoster virus (VZV) is the etiological agent of chickenpox and herpes zoster, while herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) causes oral and genital herpes. Both infections manifest with skin blisters from which the viruses are transmitted to new hosts either via aerosol (VZV) or skin microabrasions (HSV-1). VZV reaches the skin through the blood route, and in the skin epidermis it first infects undifferentiated keratinocytes of the basal layer. Conflicting evidence exists for HSV-1, making it unclear whether HSV-1 infects undifferentiated or differentiated keratinocytes. Here, we developed in …

Beyond the Rash: Simultaneous Bilateral Facial Nerve Palsy Following Childhood Varicella Infection.

Bilateral facial nerve palsy is a rare neurological condition in children and is infrequently associated with primary Varicella (chickenpox) infection. We report the case of a 10-year-old previously healthy girl who developed simultaneous bilateral lower motor neuron facial weakness 3 weeks after a self-limiting varicella infection. The patient presented with acute onset inability to close both eyes, difficulty smiling, drooling of saliva, and impaired oral competence. At presentation, the characteristic vesicular rash had completely resolved. Neurological examination demonstrated bilateral lo…

Association between meteorological factors and varicella incidence in Japan: a nationwide time-series study.

Varicella, commonly referred to as chickenpox, is an airborne infectious disease that continues to pose an increasing threat to public health. Despite previous investigations, the global accumulation of epidemiological studies exploring the association between varicella epidemics and meteorological factors remains insufficient. This study aimed to quantify the short-term effect of meteorological factors, such as mean temperature and relative humidity, on the incidence of varicella across all 47 prefectures of Japan over a decade (2010-2019). Using a two-stage time-series modelling design, we f…

Social imitation dynamics of vaccination driven by vaccine effectiveness and beliefs.

Declines in vaccination coverage for vaccine-preventable diseases, such as measles and chickenpox, have enabled their surprising comebacks and pose significant public health challenges in the wake of growing vaccine hesitancy. Vaccine opt-outs and refusals are often fueled by beliefs concerning perceptions of vaccine effectiveness and exaggerated risks. Here, we quantify the impact of competing beliefs - vaccine-averse versus vaccine-neutral - on social imitation dynamics of vaccination, alongside the epidemiological dynamics of disease transmission. These beliefs may be pre-existing and fixed…

Navigating Pakistan's immunization landscape: Progress and pitfalls.

OBJECTIVES: This study aims to assess the impact of the 2022 floods in Pakistan on the incidence of vaccine-preventable diseases (VPDs) in f … increase in reported cases. Other diseases including polio, diphtheria, neonatal tetanus, measles, chickenpox, and rubella also experienced substantial rises in case numbers. Concurrently, cases of lower respiratory tract illnesses and diarrheal diseases in children under five years old surged notably. CONCLUSIONS: The findings underscored the failure of r …

Регулирование кератина 15 требуется для воспроизведения вируса варицелла-зостера в кератиноцитах и смягчается в живом ослабленном штамме вакцины vOka.

Вирус Вариселла-Зостер (VZV) — это этиологический агент ветрянки и свечей, болезни, характеризующиеся эпидермальным копированием вируса в коже и слизе и формированием волдырей. Ранее мы показали, что инфекция VZV оказывает глубокое воздействие на дифференциализацию кератиноцитов, изменяя нормальную модель эпидермального генного выражения. В частности, инфекция VZV уменьшает экспрессию надбазальных кератинов 1 и 10 и десмосомных белков, подрывая эпидермальную структуру для содействия выражению волчащего фенотипа. Здесь мы расширяем эти результаты, чтобы показать, что инфекция VZV регулирует выр

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
Varicella-zoster virus (VZV) is the etiological agent of chickenpox and shingles, diseases characterised by epidermal virus replication in skin and mucosa and the formation of blisters. We have previously shown that VZV infection has a profound effect on keratinocyte differentiation, altering the normal pattern of epidermal gene expression. In particular, VZ…

Investigation of the safety of live attenuated varicella-zoster virus vaccination in patients with relapse-remitting multiple sclerosis treated with natalizumab: A case series and review of the literature.

INTRODUCTION: It is generally recommended to avoid live attenuated vaccines in patients treated with high efficacy disease-modifying treatme … ccine after a mean of 6.72 cycles of natalizumab treatment. Except for the one who experienced mild chickenpox infection, no serious adverse event or disease activity was evident after vaccination. CONCLUSION: While our data do not confirm the safety of the live attenuated VZV vaccine in natalizumab recipients, it highlights the importance of case-by-case d …

The Influence of Introducing Free Vaccination against Streptococcus pneumoniae on the Uptake of Recommended Vaccination in Poland.

Since 2017, pneumococcal vaccination has evolved from a recommended chargeable vaccination to a mandatory, and therefore free, vaccination f … 75.9%, p < 0.001). In particular, this was the case for multivalent vaccinations-against rotavirus, chickenpox, and meningococcal C bacteria. Reducing the impact of the economic factor, for example, by introducing free vaccinations, should have a positive impact on the uptake of other recommended vaccinations.

Multicenter Evaluation of the Simplexa VZV Direct Assay for Detection of Varicella-Zoster Virus in Cerebrospinal Fluid and Lesion-Swab Specimens.

Varicella-zoster virus (VZV) is the etiologic agent of varicella (chickenpox) and herpes zoster (shingles) infections commonly involving skin, mucous membranes, and less frequently the central nervous system. Traditional methods for the laboratory diagnosis of these infections are time-consuming, labor-intensive, and often insensitive. As such, these tests are being replaced by more sensitive and rapid molecular methods. This study evaluated the performance of two different molecular assays, the Simplexa VZV Direct and Simplexa VZV Swab Direct, to detect VZV DNA in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) an…

Development of Robust Varicella Zoster Virus Luciferase Reporter Viruses for In Vivo Monitoring of Virus Growth and Its Antiviral Inhibition in Culture, Skin, and Humanized Mice.

There is a continued need to understand varicella-zoster virus (VZV) pathogenesis and to develop more effective antivirals, as it causes chickenpox and zoster. As a human-restricted alphaherpesvirus, the use of human skin in culture and mice is critical in order to reveal the important VZV genes that are required for pathogenesis but that are not necessarily observed in the cell culture. We previously used VZV-expressing firefly luciferase (fLuc), under the control of the constitutively active SV40 promoter (VZV-BAC-Luc), to measure the VZV spread in the same sample. However, the fLuc expressi…

A case report of monkeypox as a result of conflict in the context of a measles campaign.

INTRODUCTION: Northwest and Southwest Cameroon suffer with ongoing conflict, associated with internal displacement of communities into bushl … est and Southwest Cameroon. Surveillance for monkeypox is challenging due to clinical similarity to chickenpox. There is a risk of emergence in new regions with suitable hosts. The factors underlying the establishment of monkeypox infections in new regions are multifactorial and require a strong public health response for prevention and control. A OneHealth …

Vaccine hesitancy among Ukrainian refugees.

BACKGROUND: On February 2022, Russia invaded Ukraine. Beyond Poland, Romania, Russia, several refugees reached Italy also. In the past, seve … vaccinations were: HPV, MMR and men C. Significant differences due to age were found for Men C and Chickenpox acceptance. CONCLUSIONS: The efforts made to ensure complete care and to promote vaccination among refugees, offering them a complete evaluation of the vaccination status and the possibility of being vaccinated for free, seem to be insufficient to …

The Italian Mandatory Notification System: An Important Public Health Tool For Continuous Monitoring Of Infectious Diseases.

Infectious diseases still register significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. Surveillance through a mandatory notification system allow … the incidences. Overall, a significant reduction of the incidence notification trend was observed. Chickenpox was by far the most notified infectious disease, followed by scabies, pediculosis, and brucellosis. Outbreaks of brucellosis, measles and hepatitis A occurred. All the diseases decreased over time, except syphilis, for which a significant increase w …

Advances and Perspectives in the Management of Varicella-Zoster Virus Infections.

Varicella-zoster virus (VZV), a common and ubiquitous human-restricted pathogen, causes a primary infection (varicella or chickenpox) followed by establishment of latency in sensory ganglia. The virus can reactivate, causing herpes zoster (HZ, shingles) and leading to significant morbidity but rarely mortality, although in immunocompromised hosts, VZV can cause severe disseminated and occasionally fatal disease. We discuss VZV diseases and the decrease in their incidence due to the introduction of live-attenuated vaccines to prevent varicella or HZ. We also focus on acyclovir, valacyclovir, an…