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Ethnoveterinary Practices of Medicinal Plants Among Tribes of Tribal District of North Waziristan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.

Domestic animals play a vital role in the development of human civilization. Plants are utilized as remedies for a variety of domestic animals, in addition to humans. The tribes of North Waziristan are extremely familiar with the therapeutic potential of medicinal plants as ethnoveterinary medicines. The present study was carried out during 2018-2019 to record ethnoveterinary knowledge of the local plants that are being used by the tribal communities of North Waziristan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. In all, 56 medicinal plant species belonging to 42 families were identified, which were report…

Toxicity, Antioxidant Activity, and Phytochemicals of Basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) Leaves Cultivated in Southern Punjab, Pakistan.

Basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) is one of the most common aromatic herbs, a rich source of bioactive compounds, and is used extensively to add aroma and flavor to food. The leaves, both in fresh and dried form, are used as a culinary ingredient in different cultures. O. basilicum is also famous for its therapeutic potential and preservation effects. The present study investigated the cytotoxicity of basil at three different growth stages (GS), i.e., GS-1 (58 days of growth), GS-2 (69 days of growth), and GS-3 (93 days of growth) using the brine shrimp lethality assay. The results revealed that cyt

Знания, отношение и практика в отношении денге и их переносчика среди врачей Малаканда, Пакистан.

Эпидемия денге (ДФ) все чаще признается в качестве одной из основных в мире болезней, передаваемых комарами, и вызывает значительную заболеваемость и смертность в тропических и субтропических странах. В большинстве районов Пакистана лихорадка денге носит эндемический характер и по-прежнему является проблемой здравоохранения. Знания, отношение и практика могут играть важную роль в борьбе с этим заболеванием. Текущее исследование направлено на определение уровня знаний, отношения и практики в отношении лихорадки денге среди медицинских работников, а также на изучение уровня знаний и отношения к

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
Dengue fever (DF) is increasingly recognized as one of the world's major mosquito borne diseases and causes significant morbidity and mortality in tropical and subtropical countries. Dengue fever is endemic in most part of Pakistan and continues to be a public health concern. Knowledge, attitude and practices can play an important role in management of the d…

Higher entropy observed in SARS-CoV-2 genomes from the first COVID-19 wave in Pakistan.

BACKGROUND: We investigated the genome diversity of SARS-CoV-2 associated with the early COVID-19 period to investigate evolution of the virus in Pakistan. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We studied ninety SARS-CoV-2 strains isolated between March and October 2020. Whole genome sequences from our laboratory and available genomes were used to investigate phylogeny, genetic variantion and mutation rates of SARS-CoV-2 strains in Pakistan. Site specific entropy analysis compared mutation rates between strains isolated before and after June 2020. RESULTS: In March, strains belonging to L, S, V and GH clad…

Mutational analysis of CYP1B1 (rs56010818) variant in primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) affected patients of Pakistan.

BACKGROUND: Primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) occurs due to the discrepancies in the angle of anterior chamber characterized by the alterations in intraocular pressure, optic nerves head changes and central loss of visual field. In molecular research, CYP1B1 mutations modulates an integral role in association with glaucoma. Current study was undertaken to reveal the homozygous and heterozygous patterns of CYP1B1 c.1169 G > A variant (rs56010818) in POAG patients of Pakistan. METHODS: After consent, total n = 88 POAG patients undergone through standard ophthalmological investigations before t…

Antimicrobial Resistance in Pneumococcal Carriage Isolates from Children under 2 Years of Age in Rural Pakistan.

Antimicrobial resistance is an emerging public health concern. Ten-valent pneumococcal vaccine (PCV10) was introduced in Pakistan's Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI) in 2012 as a 3 + 0 schedule without catchup. From 2014 to 2018, children <2 years were randomly selected in two rural union councils of Matiari, Pakistan. Nasopharyngeal swabs were collected using standard WHO guidelines by trained staff and processed at Infectious Disease Research Laboratory at The Aga Khan University, Karachi using culture on sheep blood agar and Multiplex PCR methods described by CDC, USA. Pneumococcal iso…

Child Sexual Abuse in Pakistan: Using Evidence Based Social Ecological Model for Explanation and Policy Formulation.

Due to recent high profile media reported cases of child sexual abuse in Pakistan a serious public concern is observed with a strong punitive public demand rather than proactive and preventive approach as solution. Instead of reactive approach, it is needed to formulate a policy based on valid causal ground for solution of this problem. Purpose of this cross sectional study is to provide a causal ground based on evidence based social ecological model for holistic policy response for addressing issue of CSA. Using ICAST-R, equal number of male and female 274 university students were asked about…

Genomic Investigation of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus ST113 Strains Isolated from Tertiary Care Hospitals in Pakistan.

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a multi-drug resistant and opportunistic pathogen. The emergence of new clones of MRSA in both healthcare settings and the community warrants serious attention and epidemiological surveillance. However, epidemiological data of MRSA isolates from Pakistan are limited. We performed a whole-genome-based comparative analysis of two (P10 and R46) MRSA strains isolated from two provinces of Pakistan to understand the genetic diversity, sequence type (ST), and distribution of virulence and antibiotic-resistance genes. The strains belong to ST113 a…

Discoid Lupus Erythematosus: A Cross-Sectional Study From the Sindh Institute of Skin Diseases, Karachi, Pakistan.

Introduction Discoid lupus erythematosus (DLE) is the most common form of cutaneous lupus erythematosus. It is a chronic, scar-forming, photosensitive autoimmune dermatosis presenting with erythematous and scaly lesions. Predisposed areas include sun-exposed areas like the nose, forehead, and cheeks, as well as the upper body and extremities. The histological findings are typical, with interface dermatitis. Immunoglobulin M (IgM) and immunoglobulin G (IgG) are the most common deposits in the dermoepidermal junction of the involved skin. The most common treatments used are sunscreens, topical c

Genetic Epidemiology Reveals 3 Chronic Reservoir Areas With Recurrent Population Mobility Challenging Poliovirus Eradication in Pakistan.

BACKGROUND: Pakistan is among 3 countries endemic for wild poliovirus type 1 (WPV1) circulation that are still struggling for eradication of poliomyelitis. Active clinical and environmental surveillance with meticulous laboratory investigations provide insights into poliovirus transmission patterns and genomic diversity to inform decisions for strategic operations required to achieve eradication. METHODS: We analyzed epidemiological and virological data to comprehend the current epidemiological status of WPV1 in Pakistan during 2015-2017. Stool specimens of patients with acute flaccid paralys…

Dust exposure risk from stone crushing to workers and locally grown plant species in Quetta, Pakistan.

The aim of this study was to assess the effects of stone crushing dust pollution on three commonly cultivated fruit plant species (Vitis vinifera L., Morus alba L., and Prunus armeniaca L.) and on the health of workers working at crushing plants. The trial was carried out on fruit plant species grown close to the stone crushing units located near the northwestern (Brewery) bypass of Quetta city, Pakistan, near National Highway NH-25. Plant materials were collected from three polluted sites at a distance of 500, 1000, and 1500 m, respectively, away from the stone crushing units and one locality…

What can motivate Lady Health Workers in Pakistan to engage more actively in tuberculosis case-finding?

BACKGROUND: Many interventions to motivate community health workers to perform better rely on financial incentives, even though it is not clear that monetary gain is the main motivational driver. In Pakistan, Lady Health Workers (LHW) are responsible for delivering community level primary healthcare, focusing on rural and urban slum populations. There is interest in introducing large-scale interventions to motivate LHW to be more actively involved in improving tuberculosis case-finding, which is low in Pakistan. METHODS: Our study investigated how to most effectively motivate LHW to engage mo…

Soil-transmitted helminth infections in school children of three districts of Malakand region, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.

Information on prevalence of soil-transmitted helminth (STH) infections among school children is scarce in Pakistan. This study was aimed to investigate the prevalence of soil-transmitted helminth in school children of three districts in, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. A total of 300 stool samples were examined from August 2015 to August 2016 using direct smear (Normal saline and Lugol's Iodine solution) and the concentration methods. One hundred and eighty seven (62.3%) pupils were found infected with soil-transmitted helminths. One hundred and forty five (77.5%) were infected with single para…

Molecular characterization of autosomal recessive non syndromic hearing loss in selected families from District Mardan, Pakistan.

Deafness is the most common sensory disorder, which affects 1/1000 neonates globally. Genetic factors are major contributors for hearing impairment. This study was conducted to explore the linkage of DFNB loci and their mutations with NSHL in selected Pakistani families. We included 10 families with history of deafness from district Mardan, Pakistan. Blood sample (5ml) along with personal and clinical information was collected from the available family members including both diseased and un-affected individuals. Genomic DNA was amplified using loci specific STR markers to investigate the linka…

Breast cancer risk associated with genes encoding DNA repair MRN complex: a study from Punjab, Pakistan.

BACKGROUND: Variants of DNA repair genes are extensively reported to cause genetic instability and increase the risk of breast cancer. In combination with NBS1, MRE11 and RAD50 constitute an MRN (MRE11-RAD50-NBS1) complex that repairs DNA damage. However, certain genetic alterations in MRE11 and RAD50 produce abnormal protein that affects the repairing process and may result in malignancy. We aimed to investigate the association of MRE11 and RAD50 polymorphisms with breast risk in the female population of Punjab, Pakistan. METHODS: We collected blood samples of 100 breast cancer patients and …

Koroška 8000 Himalayan expedition: digit responses to cold stress following ascent to Broadpeak (Pakistan, 8051 m).

PURPOSE: Cold-induced vasodilatation (CIVD) is a peripheral blood flow response, observed in both the hands and feet. Exercise has been show … nd feet of a team of alpinists (N = 5) before and after a 35-day Himalayan expedition to Broadpeak, Pakistan (8051 m). METHODS: Five elite alpinists participated in hand and foot cold water immersion tests 20 days before and immediately upon return from their expedition. RESULTS: The alpinists summited successfully without supplemental oxygen. Post-exped …

Prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii oocysts through Copro-PCR in cats at Pet Center (UVAS), Lahore, Pakistan.

We encountered a patient with marked hyperimmunoglobulinemia E who had a mutation of the signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 gene (STAT3) and developed minimal change nephrotic syndrome (MCNS). From early infancy, the patient showed repeated episodes of refractory chronic eczema accompanied by impetigo vulgaris with cicatrization, as well as otitis media. Serum IgE was markedly increased (from 4,000 to 25,000 IU/ml). The nephrotic syndrome (NS) frequently relapsed, and was alternately responsive and resistant to corticosteroids. The STAT3 mutation was heterozygous, located in ex

Evaluation of vaccine derived poliovirus type 2 outbreak response options: A randomized controlled trial, Karachi, Pakistan.

BACKGROUND: Outbreaks of circulating vaccine derived polioviruses type 2 (cVDPV2) remain a risk to poliovirus eradication in an era without live poliovirus vaccine containing type 2 in routine immunization. We evaluated existing outbreak response strategies recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) for control of cVDPV2 outbreaks. METHODS: Seronegative children for poliovirus type 2 (PV2) at 22 weeks of life were assigned to one of four study groups and received respectively (1) one dose of trivalent oral poliovirus vaccine (tOPV); (2) monovalent OPV 2 (mOPV2); (3) tOPV together with

Drug resistant strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis identified through PCR-RFLP from patients of Central Punjab, Pakistan.

The study was carried out to determine, by PCR-RFLP, the magnitude of drug resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis The study was carried out on 221 random sputum samples collected from patients and 120 suspected cases of drug resistance. Genetic variation in drug-resistant strains was evaluated through PCR-RFLP for isoniazid, ethambutol, streptomycin, and ofloxacin. Out of 341 patients, 91.5% were confirmed as M. tuberculosis complex infected on the basis of PCR. The random samples revealed resistance in 8.2% cases, while 73.3% of those with suspected drug resistance were found resistant. Amo

Acute tubulointerstitial nephritis/drug induced acute kidney injury; an experience from a single center in Pakistan.

INTRODUCTION: There is no information in literature specifically on the prevalence and clinicopathological characteristics of acute tubulointerstitial nephritis/drug induced acute kidney injury (AKI) from Pakistan. OBJECTIVES: We aim to report a series of cases from patients developing AKI after exposure to some medications or finding of interstitial nephritis on histopathology. PATIENTS AND METHODS: This is an observational study of patients identified as having AKI after exposure to medications. AKI was defined according to RIFLE criteria and all patients fell from risk to loss category on…