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Retail Food Environment in an Urban Resettlement Colony of Delhi: A Community-Based Cross-Sectional Study.

BACKGROUND: The changing retail food environment contributes to increasing burden of obesity and noncommunicable diseases. The study assessed the density of retail stores along with availability, price, and placement of food options in a low-income urban community of Delhi, India. MATERIALS AND METHODS: An audit of retail stores was conducted using an adapted Nutrition Environment Measure Survey tool covering nine locally relevant food items. For each item, healthier and less healthy options were identified based on global recommendations. Data were collected by personal observation and respo

Serial Cross-Sectional Human Biomonitoring Analysis of Pesticide Exposure Patterns and Their Association with Lipid Metabolism Biomarkers: The Mediating Role of Liver Function.

Continuous low-level exposure to pesticides is inevitable in daily life. Previous studies have demonstrated the adverse effects of pesticide exposure on lipid metabolism. However, population studies have focused primarily on individual pesticides and have short-term fluctuations, and the animal experiments used doses far higher than those exposed by the general population. In this study, urinary concentrations of metabolites of three classes of pesticides, including organophosphate, pyrethroid, and phenoxy carboxylic acid, were determined in 1858 participants of repeated cross-sectional biomon

High SNP density in the blacklegged tick, Ixodes scapularis, the principal vector of Lyme disease spirochetes.

Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are the most widespread type of sequence variation in genomes. SNP density and distribution varies among different organisms and genes. Here, we report the first estimates of SNP distribution and density in the genome of the blacklegged tick (Ixodes scapularis), an important vector of the pathogens causing Lyme disease, human granulocytic anaplasmosis and human babesiosis in North America. We sampled 10 individuals from each of 4 collections from New Jersey, Virginia, Georgia, and Mississippi and analyzed the sequences of 9 nuclear genes and the mitochond

The Association Between Tobacco Retailer Outlet Density and Prevalence of Cigarette Smoking in Virginia.

OBJECTIVE: We examine the association between tobacco retail outlet density and adult smoking prevalence at the county level in Virginia, controlling for spatial autocorrelations. AIMS AND METHODS: Pooling data from 2020 County Health Rankings (compiled data from various sources including, but not limited to, the National Center for Health Statistics-Mortality Files, the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS), and the American Community Survey) and Counter Tools, we conducted regression analyses that accounted for spatial autocorrelation (spatial lag models, LMlag) and adjusted fo

Geographic Distribution of Gastroenterologists and Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease in the United States.

INTRODUCTION: We aimed to map the distribution of patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and gastroenterologists throughout the United States and identify local-level and state-level variations in the availability of specialist care. METHODS: For each first 3-digit ZIP code tabulation area (ZCTA) and state in the United States, we calculated the density of patients with IBD (Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis) per 100,000 population, gastroenterologists per 100,000 population, and gastroenterologists per 100 patients with IBD. We used 2022 claims data to identify patients with IBD,

Prevalence and treatment of atherogenic dyslipidemia in the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease in Europe: EURIKA, a cross-sectional observational study.

BACKGROUND: Atherogenic dyslipidemia is associated with poor cardiovascular outcomes, yet markers of this condition are often ignored in clinical practice. Here, we address a clear evidence gap by assessing the prevalence and treatment of two markers of atherogenic dyslipidemia: elevated triglyceride levels and low levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. METHODS: This cross-sectional observational study assessed the prevalence of two atherogenic dyslipidemia markers, high triglyceride levels and low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels, in the study population from the European

Моделирование распределения вектора < < Пипиены > > западного Нила и Рифт-Вэлли в засушливых и полузасушливых районах Ближнего Востока и Северной Африки.

РЕГИОНА Ближнего Востока Северной Африки (МЕНА) находится под постоянной угрозой повторного появления вируса Западного Нила (ВНН) и вируса лихорадки Рифт-Вэлли (РВФ), двух патогенов, передаваемых переносчиком Culex pipiens. Для прогнозирования районов, подверженных высокому риску передачи болезней, требуется точная модель распределения векторов, однако большинство моделей распределения Cx. pipiens были ограничены умеренными, лесистыми местообитаниями. Для моделирования распределения видов по разнородной ландшафтной структуре требуется гибкий метод моделирования, позволяющий зафиксировать вариа

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
BACKGROUND: The Middle East North Africa (MENA) region is under continuous threat of the re-emergence of West Nile virus (WNV) and Rift Vall … srael. Models were created with a set of environmental predictors including bioclimatic data, human population density, hydrological data, and vegetation indices, and built using maximum entropy (Maxent) and boosted regression tree (BRT) methods. Models were created with and without the inclusion of human population density. RESULTS: Predictions of Maxent and BRT m …

Identifying the Factors Associated With Spatial Clustering of Incident HIV Infection Cases in High-Prevalence Regions: Quantitative Geospatial Study.

BACKGROUND: Incident HIV infection is a critical indicator of an ongoing epidemic, particularly in high-burden regions such as Liangshan Yi … ion of incident HIV infection cases was analyzed using kernel density. Potential drivers, including population density, HIV prevalence, elevation, nighttime light index, urban proximity, and antiretroviral therapy (ART) coverage, were analyzed. The spatial lag regression model was used to identify factors associated with clustering of recent infection cases. The Geo …

Characterisation of activated lymphocytes in the peripheral blood of patients with rheumatoid arthritis.

The extent and nature of lymphocyte activation in the circulation in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) was investigated. Peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) from RA patients and healthy controls were separated into a number of discrete fractions by density in discontinuous Ficoll density gradients. Low density (activated) lymphocytes were found at significantly higher levels in RA, particularly in patients with clinically active disease. Conversely, patients with clinically inactive RA had normal levels of activated lymphocytes. Lymphocyte populations within the ficoll gradient fractions were detected

Biomedical engineer density per hospital bed: A medical device quality indicator for Mexican Healthcare System.

BACKGROUND: The measurement of health indicators that enable the estimation of a system's capacity to provide adequate patient care constitutes a highly relevant factor in the evaluation of healthcare systems. Traditionally, these indicators include variables such as physician density, nursing staff, and other human resources; however, a critical component that often receives less attention is the capacity of healthcare institutions to sustain high-quality infrastructure and medical technology, which are essential to ensuring the continuity, safety, and efficiency of healthcare services. In th

Association of neighborhood greenness with severity of hand, foot, and mouth disease.

BACKGROUND: Hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) is an epidemic infectious disease in China. Relationship of neighborhood greenness with hum … e greenness-HFMD severity association remained (OR = 1.031, 95%CI: 1.006-1.057) after adjusting for population density, demographic variables and climate variables. Both population density (Z = 4.148, P < 0.001) and relative humidity (Z = -4.297, P < 0.001) modified the association between neighborhood greenness and HFMD severity. In the stratified analyses, a prote …

Geospatial characteristics of non-motor vehicle and assault-related trauma events in greater Phoenix, Arizona.

BACKGROUND: Injury-causing events are not randomly distributed across a landscape, but how they are associated with the features and charact … he density of retail alcohol outlets for offsite consumption, while controlling for race/ethnicity, population density, and the percentage urban population. RESULTS: The 63,451 non-MVC traumas within a 3761 mile2 study area encompassing PHX and 22 surrounding communities, an area with nearly 60% of the state's population and 54% of the trauma events in the AZ State …

Sexually transmitted infections in the Delta Regional Authority: significant disparities in the 252 counties of the eight-state Delta Region Authority.

OBJECTIVE: Chlamydia, gonorrhoea and syphilis (primary and secondary) are at high levels in the USA. Disparities by race, gender and sexual … fection risk between Delta Region (DR)/non-DR counties and examine how they might vary by rurality, population density, primary care access and education attainment. METHODS: Reported chlamydia/gonorrhoea/syphilis data were obtained from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention AtlasPlus, county demographic data from the Area Health Resource File and rurality …

Long-term monitoring of 10 selected pathogens in wild boar (Sus scrofa) in Sierra Nevada National Park, southern Spain.

Wild boar (Sus scrofa) populations are increasing in the Iberian Peninsula, and population management must include disease management and control. In this study, the epidemiology of 10 selected pathogens (Aujeszky's disease virus - ADV, porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus - PRRSV, porcine influenza virus, porcine circovirus, porcine parvovirus, Erysipelotrix rhusiopathiae, Leptospira pomona, Chlamydia/Chlamydiaceae sp., Salmonella sp. and Mycobacterium bovis) in the wild boar population in Sierra Nevada National Park (SNNP), an open unfenced area, is reported, taking into accou

[Antibiotic prescribing trends in German acute care hospitals from 2012/13 through 2021/22].

An important prerequisite for ascertaining rational antibiotic prescribing is the availability and evaluation of antibiotic use data. In this study we report evolving trends of antibiotic use in German hospitals during the last decade.Using drug dispensing data from acute care hospital pharmacies, we calculated yearly antibiotic use density values for the period from 2012/13 through to 2021/22. Use density was expressed as daily doses per 100 patient days, using both hospital adapted doses of antibiotics ("recommended daily dose", RDD) as well as WHO-"defined daily doses" (DDD). The 2021/22 da

[An attempt to normalize the methodology of clinico parasitologic surveys of onchocerciasis in West-Africa (author's transl)].

In order to be able to compare in time and space the results of onchocerciasis surveys in West Africa, the authors suggest to standardize the methodology of these surveys. The following points are defined : criteria to choose the villages, selection of population specimen, registration of socio-demographic data, clinical examination, assessment of visual acuity, parasitological examination founded on two quantitative bloodless cutaneous biopsies, definition of epidemiologic indices, adjustement of these indices to a standard population, synthesis of results by age-group and sex on the one hand

Towards activity-based exposure measures in spatial analysis of pedestrian-motor vehicle crashes.

BACKGROUND: Although numerous efforts have been devoted to exploring the effects of area-wide factors on the frequency of pedestrian crashes … come had negative associations with the risk of PMV crashes. CONCLUSIONS: The use of population or population density as a surrogate for pedestrian exposure when modeling the frequency of zonal pedestrian crashes is expected to produce biased estimations and invalid inferences. Spatial heterogeneity should also not be negligible when modeling pedestrian crashes inv …

Identifying aspects of neighbourhood deprivation associated with increased incidence of schizophrenia.

BACKGROUND: Several studies have found an association between area deprivation and incidence of schizophrenia. However, not all studies have … n score was statistically significant at both levels after adjusting for ethnicity, ethnic density, population density and population turnover. The incidence rate ratio for electoral ward deprivation was 1.03 (95% CI=1.004-1.04) and for the super output area deprivation was 1.04 (95% CI=1.02-1.06). The individual domains of crime, employment deprivation and educatio …

Associations among soil salinity, plant communities, and predaceous arthropods that can influence ixodid distribution on the South Texas Coastal Plain.

The subtropical coastal plain of Deep South Texas provides a wildlife corridor for hosts of disease-transmitting ixodid species, including the southern cattle fever tick, Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus (Canestrini). Wind tides and storm surges push hypersaline Lower Laguna Madre water inland on occasion, creating substantial areas of saline soil dominated by sea ox-eye daisy, Borrichia frutescens (L.) DC, and inhabited by numerous mud flat fiddler crabs, Uca rapax (Smith). Ixodid populations, especially larvae, in the saline areas are mostly negligible because of saltwater toxicity to egg

Effect of starvation on lipophorin density in fifth instar larval Manduca sexta.

Lipophorin (Lp) is a major insect lipoprotein and is responsible for lipid transport between organs. In this study, the effect of starvation on Lp properties was analyzed in larval Manduca sexta during the fifth instar. Lp hemolymph concentrations in larvae at days 1 and 2 were around 2-3 mg/ml and at day 3 it increased to 8 mg/ml. When larvae were starved for 24 h, they did not grow, but their body mass and hemolymph volume did not decrease significantly. Differences in Lp densities were observed. In fed larvae, from days 1 to 4, two major Lp populations were found with densities of 1.124 ± 0