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Investigation of infectious reproductive pathogens of large ruminants: Are neosporosis, brucellosis, leptospirosis and BVDV of relevance in Lao PDR?

N. caninum, bovine viral diarrhoea virus, Brucella abortus and Leptospira interrogans serovar Hardjo are globally significant reproductive pathogens that cause abortion and reproductive loss in large ruminants. Prevalence information is lacking in Lao People's Democratic Republic (Laos) despite the poor reproductive performance of cattle and buffalo. Serological examination of frozen cattle (n=90) and buffalo (n=61) sera by commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays provided the first reported screening of some of these pathogens in Laos. Seroprevalence differed amongst these la…

Development of a helper cell-dependent form of peste des petits ruminants virus: a system for making biosafe antigen.

Peste des petits ruminants (PPR) is a viral disease of sheep and goats that is spreading through many countries in the developing world. Work on the virus is often restricted to studies of attenuated vaccine strains or to work in laboratories that have high containment facilities. We have created a helper cell dependent form of PPR virus by removing the entire RNA polymerase gene and complementing it with polymerase made constitutively in a cell line. The resultant L-deleted virus grows efficiently in the L-expressing cell line but not in other cells. Virus made with this system is indistingui…

The binucleate cell of okapi and giraffe placenta shows distinctive glycosylation compared with other ruminants: a lectin histochemical study.

The placenta of ruminants contains characteristic binucleate cells (BNC) with a highly conserved glycan structure which evolved early in Ruminant phylogenesis. Giraffe and Okapi placentae also contain these cells and it is not known whether they have a similar glycan array. We have used lectin histochemistry to examine the glycosylation of these cells in these species and compare them with bovine BNC which have a typical ruminant glycan composition. Two placentae, mid and near term, from Giraffe (Giraffa camelopardalis) and two term placenta of Okapi (Okapia johnstoni) were embedded in resin a…

Next-generation molecular-diagnostic tools for gastrointestinal nematodes of livestock, with an emphasis on small ruminants: a turning point?

Parasitic nematodes of livestock have major economic impact worldwide. Despite the diseases caused by these nematodes, some advances towards the development of new therapeutic agents and attempts to develop effective vaccines against some of them, there has been limited progress in the development of practical diagnostic methods. The specific and sensitive diagnosis of parasitic nematode infections of livestock underpins effective disease control, which is now particularly important given the problems associated with anthelmintic resistance in parasite populations. Traditional diagnostic metho

Неструктурный протеин NS вызывает изменчивую реакцию антител в домашних румынах, которые естественным образом заражены вирусом лихорадки Рифт-Вэлли.

Жар в долине Рифт (RVF) — новый зооноз в Африке, который распространился на Египет, Аравийский полуостров, Мадагаскар и Коморские Острова. Вирус RVF (RVFV) (семейство Bunyaviridae, род флебовирусов) вызывает широкий спектр симптомов у людей: от доброкачественной лихорадки до смертельной геморрагической лихорадки. Слухи серьезно страдают от этого заболевания, что приводит к высокому уровню смертности среди молодых животных, а также к абортам и тератогенезу у беременных женщин. Диагностические тесты включают изоляцию вируса и геном или обнаружение антител. Во время инфекции RVFV нуклеопротеин, и

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
Rift Valley fever (RVF) is an emerging zoonosis in Africa which has spread to Egypt, the Arabian Peninsula, Madagascar, and Comoros. RVF virus (RVFV) (Bunyaviridae family, Phlebovirus genus) causes a wide range of symptoms in humans, from benign fever to fatal hemorrhagic fever. Ruminants are severely affected by the disease, which leads to a high rate of mo…

A systematic review of vaccinations to reduce the shedding of Escherichia coli O157 in the faeces of domestic ruminants.

The objective of this study was to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of the published literature to evaluate the efficacy of vaccines in reducing faecal shedding of Escherichia coli O157 in ruminants. A systematic search of eight databases and land-grant university research reports using an algorithm adapted from a previous systematic review of pre-harvest interventions against E. coli O157 was conducted to locate all reports of in vivo trials of E. coli O157 vaccines in ruminants published between 1990 and 2010. All located references were screened by two independent reviewers, an…

Scientific Opinion on Risk of transmission of TSEs via semen and embryo transfer in small ruminants (sheep and goats).

An assessment of the risk of transmission of Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathies (TSEs) via semen and embryo transfer in small ruminants (sheep and goats) was performed. The TSE agents considered were Classical scrapie, Atypical scrapie and Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE). Because of the lack of specific data for goats the assessment was carried out mainly using data obtained in sheep and, because of the similarities of TSE pathogenesis between sheep and goats, the assessment was also considered to be valid in goats. According to the data currently available, the risk of TSE trans…

Evaluation of farm management practices as risk factors for clinical listeriosis and fecal shedding of Listeria monocytogenes in ruminants.

OBJECTIVE: To assess seasonal variation in prevalence of Listeria monocytogenes on ruminant farms and identify management practices associat … ng of L. monocytogenes, and the epidemiologic features of listeriosis differ in cattle versus small ruminants. Awareness of risk factors may be used to develop control measures to reduce animal disease and introduction of L. monocytogenes into the human food chain.

[Abortion in small ruminants in Switzerland: investigations during two lambing seasons (1996-1998) with special regard to chlamydial abortions].

Abortion cases of 144 goats und 86 sheep were investigated etiologically during 2 lambing seasons (1996/1997, 1997/1998). Macroscopic inspection of fetus and placenta was completed by histopathology and bacteriological isolation of agents. In addition, immunohistologically the following antigens were labeled in formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded tissue sections: Toxoplasma gondii, Neospora caninum, Chlamydophila abortus (formerly Chlamydia psittaci serovar 1) and Border Disease Virus. From farms with abortions caused by Chlamydophila abortus specific data were recorded. In 75% of abortion ca

Ruminal bacterial and protozoal features associated with milk yield in Chinese Holstein cows.

BACKGROUND: Milk yield is a key economic trait in dairy cows and is closely linked to rumen microbial function. However, the associations between rumen microbial communities and milk yield remain incompletely understood. This study compared the rumen microbial composition and function of Chinese Holstein cows with high and low milk yields to clarify the relationships between differential rumen microbes and lactation performance. RESULTS: Results showed that HY cows had higher milk yield, milk fat yield, milk protein yield, lactose yield, and total milk solids (TMS) yield (P < 0.05), but lower

Effects of the continuous rate infusion of propofol with or without fentanyl on ruminal motility in calves.

This study aimed to evaluate ruminal motility before, during, and after propofol anesthesia with or without fentanyl in Holstein calves by investigating effects of these anesthetic protocols on rumen function and cardiorespiratory variables. This study employed a randomized crossover design with a 1-week washout period between treatments and included eight calves aged 6-12 months and weighing 100-180 kg. Animals received either propofol alone (propofol group [PG]) or propofol with fentanyl (propofol-fentanyl group [FG]), alternating the order of treatments between groups. Anesthesia was induce

Forgiveness of Self and Situations and Rumination as Mental Health Correlates in Dental School Students.

INTRODUCTION: It is widely acknowledged that dental training is stressful, with students being vulnerable to burnout, anxiety, and depression. OBJECTIVE: This study examined the associations between psychosocial risk factors (maladaptive perfectionism and rumination) and resilience factors (forgiveness of self, others, and situations, and compassion for self and others) with burnout, depression, and anxiety. METHOD: In 2023, an electronic questionnaire was distributed to all dental students at a US dental school. Validated self-report measures were used to assess three domains: (a) mental he

Mindsets at work: unpacking the effects of work-care conflict and rumination on employee creativity.

PURPOSE: This study examines the mechanisms through which employee mindset influences creativity, analyzing the antecedent role of work-care conflict, the mediating effect of creative self-efficacy, and the moderating role of work-related rumination. DESIGN/METHODOLOGY/APPROACH: Using a two-wave time-lagged survey design, data were collected from 324 employee-supervisor dyads across five high-tech enterprises. Structural equation modeling was employed for data analysis. FINDINGS: Work interfering with caregiving negatively affects growth mindset while positively affecting fixed mindset. Care

Childhood Trauma, Psychological Adjustment, and Self-Critical Rumination: Examining Longitudinal Mediation.

Childhood trauma is a significant precursor to long-term psychological distress and a well-established risk factor for interpersonal violence and revictimization across the lifespan. Despite its well-established impact, there are no longitudinal studies that examine the relationships between childhood trauma, psychological adjustment, and self-critical rumination in a Turkish sample. This study aimed to fill this gap by examining these relationships in 244 adults (Female = 194, Male = 50) over two waves, 3 months apart. The Adverse Childhood Experiences Scale, Brief Psychological Adjustment Sc

Microencapsulation Strategies in Veterinary Medicine: Overcoming Gastrointestinal Barriers in Monogastric and Ruminant Species.

Oral delivery of bioactive compounds in veterinary medicine offers important opportunities to improve animal health, productivity, and welfa … gastrointestinal transit, and microbiota-mediated interactions represent major barriers, whereas in ruminants, ruminal fermentation, prolonged retention, and physicochemical conditions may cause premature degradation of bioactive compounds. These barriers significantly hinder the successful use of probiotics, enzymes, essential oils, nutrients, vaccines, an …

Rumination, but Not Reflection, Predicts the Reporting of Post-concussive Symptoms in a Non-clinical Sample.

OBJECTIVE: Although traditionally associated with mild head trauma, post-concussive symptoms are commonly reported across both healthy and other clinical populations. Existing research indicates that individuals with depression report high levels of post-concussive symptoms, though the underlying causes of this association remain unknown. The current study aimed to explore potential factors underlying this relationship: specifically, how maladaptive and adaptive self-focused cognitive coping styles, namely, rumination and reflection, respectively, differentially contribute to post-concussive s

Predictive Roles of Fear of Missing Out and Rumination in Depression Among ICU Nurses.

BACKGROUND: Nurses working in intensive care units (ICUs) experience occupational stress, which increases their vulnerability to psychological disorders such as depression. Depression among ICU nurses not only affects their mental well-being but may also impair the quality of patient care. Two psychological factors, fear of missing out (FoMO) and rumination, have been proposed as psychological contributors to depression. However, their predictive roles among ICU nurses remain insufficiently explored. AIM: To evaluate the predictive roles of FoMO and rumination in depression among ICU nurses.

Online support and co-rumination experiences among adults in substance use recovery.

OBJECTIVE: This study examined patterns of perceived social support and co-rumination (e.g., repeatedly discussing problems) in social media recovery groups and associated whole-person wellness among adults in recovery from substance use disorder (SUD). METHODS: A cross-sectional online survey (n = 468) was conducted in collaboration with a Community Advisory Board (CAB). The CAB reviewed and refined the survey, led recruitment, interpreted results, and co-authored this manuscript. Latent profile analysis (LPA) identified subgroups based on four online social support domains and three co-rumi

Mechanisms of maladaptive eating behavior among individuals with obesity and pain: exploring rumination.

Upwards of 40% of adults in the United States (US) meet criteria for obesity, highlighting obesity as a critical, ongoing public health crisis. Pain affects 33-40% of individuals with obesity, contributing to increased distress and added burden which necessitates a higher degree of coping resources. Individuals with obesity often manage distress through maladaptive eating behaviors, yet it is unclear what mechanisms may contribute to these individual differences in eating behaviors. One mechanism that is relevant to both obesity and pain is rumination, an aspect of repetitive negative thinking