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Implementing a Telehealth Shared Counseling and Decision-Making Visit for Lung Cancer Screening in a Veterans Affairs Medical Center.

BACKGROUND: Veterans suffer substantial morbidity and mortality from lung cancer. Lung cancer screening (LCS) with low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) can reduce mortality. Guidelines recommend counseling and shared decision-making (SDM) to address the benefits and harms of screening and the importance of tobacco cessation before patients undergo screening. OBSERVATIONS: We implemented a centralized LCS program at the Iowa City Veterans Affairs Medical Center with a nurse program coordinator (NPC)-led telephone visit. Our multidisciplinary team ensured that veterans referred from primary care…

Assessing Prevalence and Characteristics of Oro-bulbar Involvement in Children and Adults with SMA Type 2 and 3 Using a Multimodal Approach.

Bulbar and jaw muscles are impaired in patients with Spinal Muscular Atrophy (SMA) but the assessment of their severity and progression are limited by the lack of age-appropriate and disease-specific measures. We investigated mastication and swallowing in children and adults with SMA, sitters and walkers. In a 2-year multicentre cross-sectional prospective study, lip and tongue strength (Iowa Oral Performance Instrument), chewing and swallowing (Test of Masticating and Swallowing Solids), active mouth opening (aMMO) were compared to age-appropriate normative data. The perceived burden of oro-b…

Time to diagnosis of Duchenne muscular dystrophy remains unchanged: Findings from the Muscular Dystrophy Surveillance, Tracking, and Research Network, 2000-2015.

INTRODUCTION/AIMS: With current and anticipated disease-modifying treatments, including gene therapy, an early diagnosis for Duchenne muscul … , 2000 to December 31, 2015 using data collected by six US MD STARnet surveillance sites (Colorado, Iowa, western New York State, the Piedmont region of North Carolina, South Carolina, and Utah). The analytic cohort included 221 males with definite or probable DMD diagnosis without a documented family history. We computed frequency count and percentage …

Causes of death in low-grade B-cell lymphomas in the rituximab era: a prospective cohort study.

Low-grade B-cell lymphomas other than follicular and small lymphocytic lymphoma (LGBCL) account for 10% of all B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphomas. Despite improvements in survival outcomes for these patients, little is known about cause of death (COD) in the rituximab era. For a better understanding, we studied 822 newly diagnosed patients with marginal zone, lymphoplasmacytic, and unclassifiable low-grade B-cell lymphoma prospectively enrolled in the University of Iowa/Mayo Clinic Specialized Program of Research Excellence Molecular Epidemiology Resource from 2002 to 2015. COD was assigned based on…

Revised MALT-IPI: A new predictive model that identifies high-risk patients with extranodal marginal zone lymphoma.

Extranodal marginal zone lymphoma (EMZL) is a heterogeneous disease with a subset of patients exhibiting a more aggressive course. We previo … ion with PFS. The revised MALT-IPI was validated in two independent cohorts, from the University of Iowa/Mayo Clinic (n = 297) and from IELSG-19 study (n = 400). A stepwise Cox regression analysis yielded a model including four independent predictors of shorter PFS. Revised MALT-IPI has scores ranging from 0 to 5, calculated as a sum of one point for e …

Surveillance imaging during first remission in follicular lymphoma does not impact overall survival.

BACKGROUND: Although many patients with follicular lymphoma (FL) undergo routine radiographic surveillance during their first remission, no … (LEAD) at Emory University and from the Molecular Epidemiology Resource (MER) of the University of Iowa/Mayo Clinic. Patients were evaluated for both relapse and method of relapse detection (ie, clinical concerns vs radiologic detection through surveillance imaging in an asymptomatic patient). RESULTS: Of 148 patients in the LEAD cohort, 55 (37%) rel …

Concurrent Disorders and Decision-Making in Electronic Gaming Machine Gamblers.

This study aimed to investigate the self-reported measures of concurrent disorders (stress, social anxiety, anxiety, depression and alcohol use) among electronic gaming machine (EGM) gamblers with varying levels of gambling severity and to examine its relationship to decision-making. This cross-sectional study in New Zealand involved an online survey that utilised validated questionnaires to assess self-reported measures of concurrent disorders and the Iowa gambling task (IGT) to analyse decision-making. The study comprised of active EGM gamblers (n = 153) who were divided into two groups: non…

Существенный рост Рикитсийских видов в Человеческом Макропхаге-Лайк Клетках — это кора фенотипа, связанная с способностью вызывать болезни у млекопитающих.

Рикиттсия является важным источником болезней, передающихся тиками, у людей во всем мире. В Северной Америке два вида в группе рикеттсии с пятнами лихорадки были окончательно связаны с болезнью человека: Рикеттсия Рикеттсии, движущая сила Рокки Горной лихорадки, и Рикетсия Паркери, причина Р. Паркери Рикетсиоза. Предыдущая работа в нашей лаборатории продемонстрировала неэндетлиальный паразитизм другого патогенного вида SFG Rickettssia conorii в макрофаге THP-1, и мы гипотезуем, что эта характеристика роста может быть недооцененным аспектом рикетсиального патогенеза в млекопитающих. В этой рабо

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
Rickettsia are significant sources of tick-borne diseases in humans worldwide. In North America, two species in the spotted fever group of R … ettsia bellii, a Rickettsia species not associated with disease of humans, and R. rickettsii strain Iowa, an avirulent derivative of pathogenic R. rickettsii, could invade both cell types but proliferate only within endothelial cells. Further analysis revealed that similar to previous studies on R. conorii, other recognized pathogenic Rickettsia specie …

Association between maximum tongue pressure and swallowing safety and efficacy in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.

BACKGROUND: Oropharyngeal dysphagia (OD) is common in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), leading to a reduction of swallowing safety and e … RS scores >2 of residue. Maximum tongue pressure (MTP) and tongue endurance were measured using the Iowa Oral Performance Instrument. Tongue pressure measurements were compared between patients with and without penetration, aspiration, or residue. KEY RESULTS: Fifty-five patients with ALS were included. Mean MTP was 29.7 kPa, and median tongue enduran …

Decision-making in major depressive disorder: Subjective complaint, objective performance, and discrepancy between both.

BACKGROUND: Studies comparing objective and subjective cognition in major depressive disorder (MDD) are scarce, and available data concern d … sion-making impairment status. METHOD: One hundred and nine people with MDD were assessed with the Iowa Gambling Task to identify "O-DMI". The item 9 of the Beck Depression Inventory was used to compose the variable "S-DMI". Psychiatric history, medication adherence, childhood trauma, physical and psychological pain, and negative life experiences were …

Brain structure in juvenile-onset Huntington disease.

OBJECTIVE: To assess brain morphometry in a sample of patients with juvenile-onset Huntington disease (JOHD) and several mouse models of Huntington disease (HD) that likely represent the human JOHD phenotype. METHODS: Despite sharing the mutation in the Huntingtin gene, adult-onset HD characteristically presents as a hyperkinetic motor disorder, while JOHD typically presents as a hypokinetic motor disease. The University of Iowa Kids-JHD program enrolls individuals 5 to 25 years of age who have already received the clinical diagnosis. A total of 19 children with juvenile HD (JHD) (mean CAG = …

Differentiation of non-small cell lung cancer and histoplasmosis pulmonary nodules: insights from radiomics model performance compared with clinician observers.

BACKGROUND: Histoplasmosis pulmonary nodules often present in computed tomography (CT) imaging with characteristics suspicious for lung canc … nodules with a confirmed diagnosis of histoplasmosis or NSCLC was collected from the University of Iowa Hospitals and Clincs. Radiomic features were extracted describing characteristics of the nodule and perinodular parenchyma regions and used to build a machine learning tool. These cases were assessed by four expert clinicians who gave a blinded risk …

Incidence and cost analysis of hospital admission and 30-day readmission among patients with cirrhosis.

We examined risks for first hospitalization and the rate, risk factors, costs, and 1-year outcome of 30-day readmission among patients admitted for complications of cirrhosis. Data were retrospectively analyzed for adult patients with cirrhosis residing in Minnesota, Iowa, or Wisconsin and admitted from 2010 through 2013 at both campuses of the Mayo Clinic Hospital in Rochester, MN. Readmission was captured at the two hospitals as well as at community hospitals in the tristate area within the Mayo Clinic Health System. The incidence of hospitalization for complications of cirrhosis was 100/100…

Frontostriatal Dysfunction During Decision Making in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder.

BACKGROUND: The aim of the current paper is to provide the first comparison of computational mechanisms and neurofunctional substrates in adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and adolescents with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) during decision making under ambiguity. METHODS: Sixteen boys with ADHD, 20 boys with OCD, and 20 matched control subjects (12-18 years of age) completed a functional magnetic resonance imaging version of the Iowa Gambling Task. Brain activation was compared between groups using three-way analysis of covariance. Hierarchical Bayesian ana…

Prefrontal Recruitment Mitigates Risk-Taking Behavior in Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Young Adults.

BACKGROUND: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected (HIV+) young adults often engage in risk-taking behavior. However, the disruptive effects of HIV on the neurobiological underpinnings of risky decision making are not well understood. METHODS: Risky decision making, measured via the Iowa Gambling Task (IGT), was compared voxel-wise to resting cerebral blood flow (rCBF) acquired via arterial spin labeling. Separate topographical maps were obtained for HIV-uninfected (HIV-; n = 62) and HIV+ (n = 41) young adults (18-24 years old) and were compared to the full cohort of participants. For th…

Risk taking, decision-making, and brain volume in youth adopted internationally from institutional care.

Early life stress in the form of early institutional care has been shown to have wide-ranging impacts on the biological and behavioral devel … youth is needed. The youth version of the Balloon Analogue Risk Task and a two-deck variant of the Iowa Gambling Task were used to assess risky decision-making in post-institutionalized youth and a community control group (N = 74, PI = 44, Non-adopted = 30; mean age = 12.93). Participants also completed a structural MRI scan for the assessment of grou …

Examination of the effects of cannabinoid ligands on decision making in a rat gambling task.

Although exposure to delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) is perceived to be relatively harmless, mounting evidence has begun to show that it … uence decision making. Here, we used the rat gambling task (rGT), a validated analogue of the human Iowa Gambling Task, to assess baseline decision making preferences in male Wistar rats. After acquisition rGT performance was measured. Animals were challenged with the CB1 receptor antagonist rimonabant, the partial agonist THC, and the synthetic agonis …

Ingested Nitrate, Disinfection By-products, and Kidney Cancer Risk in Older Women.

BACKGROUND: N-nitroso compounds formed endogenously after nitrate/nitrite ingestion are animal renal carcinogens. Previous epidemiologic studies of drinking water nitrate did not evaluate other potentially toxic water contaminants, including the suspected renal carcinogen chloroform. METHODS: In a cohort of postmenopausal women in Iowa (1986-2010), we used historical measurements to estimate long-term average concentrations of nitrate-nitrogen (NO3-N) and disinfection by-products (DBP) in public water supplies. For NO3-N and the regulated DBP (total trihalomethanes [THM] and the sum of five h…

Cannabis effects on driving longitudinal control with and without alcohol.

Although evidence suggests cannabis impairs driving, its driving-performance effects are not fully characterized. We aimed to establish cann … in-subject, six conditions). Participants drove (National Advanced Driving Simulator, University of Iowa) simulated drives 0.5-1.3 h post-inhalation. Blood and breath alcohol samples were collected before (0.17 and 0.42 h) and after (1.4 and 2.3 h) driving. We evaluated the mean speed (relative to limit), standard deviation (SD) of speed, percent time …

Farm characteristics, allergy symptoms, and risk of non-hodgkin lymphoid neoplasms in the agricultural health study.

BACKGROUND: Because of unique exposures, studies among farmers may yield insights into the relationship between allergies and non-Hodgkin lymphoid (NHL) neoplasms. We evaluated farm characteristics, allergic symptoms and conditions, and risk of NHL including specific subtypes in the Agricultural Health Study, a prospective cohort of farmers and spouses from North Carolina and Iowa. METHODS: We identified 710 incident cases of NHL (including chronic lymphocytic leukemia and multiple myeloma) among 82,370 participants with baseline data on crop and animal exposures, including 454 cases among 52…