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The etiology of acute pyrexia of unknown origin in children after a flood.

Acute pyrexia of unknown origin (PUO) is a major public health problem in Thailand. We studied the etiology of 180 cases of acute PUO in children after a sudden severe flood in Hat Yai city in 2000. Dengue infection and leptospirosis accounted for more than half of the total cases. Dengue hemorrhagic fever was the most common (29.4%) followed by leptospirosis (27.2%) and scrub typhus infection (1.1%). Five serovars of leptospires were involved in this study. Leptospira interrogans bataviae was the most common (86.5%). Acute serum antibody testing could detect only 52.8% and 40.8% of dengue and…

Human seroepidemiology of Rickettsia and Orientia species in Chile - A cross-sectional study in five regions.

In recent years, the spectrum and epidemiology of human rickettsioses has become an emerging topic in Chile. This survey aimed to assess the seroprevalence of spotted fever group rickettsiae (SFGR), typhus group rickettsiae (TGR), and scrub typhus group orientiae (STGO) in northern, central, and southern Chile. We performed a cross-sectional study of healthy adults in rural and urban settings of five regions. Participants were chosen by double stratified random sampling in urban and by convenience in rural locations (n = 1302). Serum specimens were analyzed for group-specific IgG antibodies ag…

Комменсал-Родент-Сити Расширяет ртроподовые болезни на тропическом вулканическом острове.

На вулканических островах высвобождение животных от хищников и конкурентов может привести к увеличению размера тела и плотности населения, а также к более широкому использованию среды обитания вводимых животных по сравнению с их континентальными партнерами. Такие изменения могли бы облегчить распространение болезней на островах, где эти экзотические животные также носят патогенные вещества; однако это редко исследовалось. Комменсовая азиатская крыса (Rattus tanezumi) ограничивается жилыми районами материкового Тайваня, но может наблюдаться в лесах близлежащего острова Орхид, который является т

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
On volcanic islands, the release of animals from predators and competitors can lead to increased body size and population density as well as … of nearby Orchid Island, which is a tropical volcanic island. Orchid Island is also a hot spot for scrub typhus, a lethal febrile disease transmitted by larval trombiculid mites (chiggers) that are infected primarily with the rickettsia Orientia tsutsugamushi (OT). We predicted an increase in chigger abundance when rodents (the primary host of chiggers) invad …

Distribution of rickettsioses in Oceania: past patterns and implications for the future.

Rickettsioses present a threat to human health worldwide, but relatively little is known on their epidemiology and ecology in Oceania. These bacteria are the cause of potentially fatal febrile illnesses in humans (categorized into scrub typhus, typhus group and spotted fever group rickettsioses). They are transmitted by arthropod vectors such as ticks, mites, fleas and lice, which are associated with vertebrate host animals including rodents and companion animals. We conducted a search in the scientific and grey literature of Rickettsia spp. and Orientia tsutsugamushi within the Oceania region…

Serological evidence of rickettsial infections in Delhi.

BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES: Rickettsial infections remain under-diagnosed due to lack of diagnostic facilities in developing world. Here we pre … nosis by clinicians seropositivity increased to 33.3 per cent. Rickettsial infections detected were scrub typhus (48.2%) followed by spotted fever group (27.5%) and typhus group (6.8%) during 2005-2009. In preliminary entomological survey vector mite Leptotombidium deliense was found on rodents. INTERPRETATION & CONCLUSIONS: Our findings showed that results o …

Abundances and host relationships of chigger mites in Yunnan Province, China.

This paper reports on ectoparasitic chigger mites found on small mammals in Yunnan Province, southwest China. Data were accumulated from 19 … ecies, 21 species accounted for 82.2% of all mites counted. Two species acting as major vectors for scrub typhus (tsutsugamushi disease), Leptotrombidium scutellare and Leptotrombidium deliense, were identified as the dominant mite species in this sample. In addition to these two major vectors, 12 potential or suspected vector species were found. Most species …

Identification of Outer Membrane Vesicles Derived from Orientia tsutsugamushi.

Orientia tsutsugamushi, a causative pathogen of Scrub typhus, is a gram-negative intracellular bacterium. Outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) are produced from the membrane of bacteria and play many roles related to the survival of the pathogen. However, there have been no reports confirming whether O. tsutsugamushi indeed produce OMVs. O. tsutsugamushi boryong was cultured in ECV-304 cells for the purification of OMVs. Western blot analysis and immunoenrichment using anti-O. tsutsugamushi monoclonal antibody and electron microscopy were employed for identification and characterization of OMVs. We …

Role of U.S. military research programs in the development of U.S.-licensed vaccines for naturally occurring infectious diseases.

U.S. military physicians and researchers have collaborated in the development of eight U.S.-licensed vaccines since 1934, when product effic … terotoxigenic E. coli, Campylobacter, and Shigella, malaria, hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome, scrub typhus, meningococcus type B, and HIV infection. All vaccines currently administered to U.S. military forces must be licensed by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA).

Molecular characterization of a group of proteins containing ankyrin repeats in Orientia tsutsugamushi.

Orientia tsutsugamushi, an obligate intracellular bacterium, is the causative agent of scrub typhus. The sequencing and analysis of full genomic DNA of O. tsutsugamushi has revealed at least 19 genes thus far encoding proteins with different numbers of ankyrin repeat domains. We have cloned several genes containing ankyrin repeats from the genome and produced fusion proteins to characterize their functions in host cells. It is likely that the proteins with ankyrin repeat domains expressed in O. tsutsugamushi-infected cells may control the synthesis or stability of host proteins to modulate the…

A preliminary survey of ectoparasites of small mammals in Kuala Selangor Nature Park.

Trapping of small mammals was conducted at 5 study sites in Kuala Selangor Nature Park (KSNP) from 20-24 June 2005. A total of 11 animals co … a pacifica and Polyplax spinulosa. One of the ectoparasites found, L. deliense is a known vector of scrub typhus and thus may pose potential health risks to visitors to KSNP.

[HIV-suppressive factors].

A number of host and microbial factors have been shown to modulate HIV-1 infection. Their inhibitory effects are either HIV-specific or non-specific, and involve many different kinds of mechanisms. Among anti-HIV host factors are natural ligands or natural antibodies to HIV coreceptors, anti-inflammatory cytokines, interferons and several body fluid components (such as lactoferrin and prostaglandins). Microbial pathogens/factors that may suppress HIV-1 infection include lipopolysaccharide, scrub-typhus rickettsia, human herpesviruses-6 or -7, and GB virus C. While simple application of these H

The United States Army Special Forces--Walter Reed Army Institute of Research Field Epidemiological Survey Team (Airborne), 1965-1968.

In 1965, an innovative concept in field medicine was launched in the form of a team of highly-trained, multi-disciplined AM-EDD specialists … stances. From 1966-1968, numerous important studies of arthropod-borne diseases, including malaria, scrub typhus, and plague, and of gastrointestinal disorders, medically important arthropods, and cutaneous diseases were successfully conducted.

An application of duplex PCR for detection of Leptospira spp. and Orientia tsutsugamushi from wild rodents.

Duplex PCR is useful for detecting two different agents from the same specimen. Kidney specimens are the most suitable for detection of Leptospira spp. For Orientia tsutsugamushi, blood clots, spleen, and liver specimens are considered the most suitable. For this study, kidney tissues were the only specimens obtainable for the PCR. Blood clots, spleen, and liver specimens were not available. However, by using the PCR for scrub typhus, O. tsutsugamushi was detected in the kidney of one rodent. This result shows that kidney specimens can be used to detect O. tsutsugamushi using PCR. Further stud…

Improved antibiotic susceptibility test of Orientia tsutsugamushi by flow cytometry using monoclonal antibody.

Orientia tsutsugamushi causes scrub typhus, which is endemic in many countries in the Asia-Pacific region including Korea. Recent emergence of doxycycline-resistant strains from Thailand has underlined the importance of the susceptibility tests of O. tsutsugamushi to antibiotics. To improve the flow cytometric technique for the susceptibility test, we applied a monoclonal antibody (MAb) in the quantification of O. tsutsugamushi. With using MAb FS15, we determined the doxycycline susceptibility of two strains, Boryong and AFSC-4 strain which is reported to be doxycycline-sensitive and resistant…

Mycoplasma pneumonia: a study on hospitalized American patients with pneumonia in Vietnam.

A prospective study on consecutively hospitalized pneumonia patients showed that 41.5% of 58 patients had a fourfold rise in the complement-fixation titer for Mycoplasma pneumoniae. Viral isolation techniques and serologic tests for influenza A1, A2 and B, parainfluenza 1 and 3, respiratory syncytial virus and the adeno virus group yielded only a single positive isolate for influenza A2. Serologic tests for melioidosis, leptospirosis, scrub, murine and epidemic typhus and psittacosis were all negative. The clinical manifestations were not distinctive for the positive M. pneumoniae patients whe

Phylogenetic and immunological investigations of complete TSA56 ORF of Orientia tsutsugamushi present in acute encephalitis syndrome cases from eastern Uttar Pradesh, India.

Scrub typhus (ST) caused by Orientia tsutsugamushi (OT), has long been known to cause acute encephalitis syndrome (AES) and acute febrile illness (AFI). The immunodominant 56 kDa protein of OT, which is encoded by the 56 kDa gene (1600 bp encoding 516-541 amino acids) is a commonly studied antigen for genotype and serotype assignment. Previous studies from India have utilized partial type specific antigen (TSA) 56 kDa sequences for OT strain characterisation. On the other hand, understanding the antigenic diversity of current OT strains, is critical for developing specific diagnostic tests and…

Seroprevalence of Rickettsial disease: A population-based survey from kashmir valley, North India.

BACKGROUND: Limited studies have been done regarding the prevalence of Rickettsial diseases in India and as far as UT of Jammu and Kashmir i … WF test. The overall seroprevalence of Rickettsial diseases was 4.1% with the highest prevalence of scrub typhus (2.30%) followed by the spotted fever group (1.5%) and typhus group (0.40%). Maximum seropositive subjects were from district Kulgam (6.97%) followed by Pulwama (5.92%), Shopian (5.79%), Anantnag (5.47%), Ganderbal (5.00%), Kupwara (4.72%), Baramull …

A CARE-compliant article: A case report of unusual eschar and extensive soft tissue necrosis in Tsutsugamushi disease.

RATIONALE: Tsutsugamushi disease is a common infectious disease in the Northern Hemisphere. A patient infected with tsutsugamushi disease will show a characteristic clinical course with eschar formation, which is mostly small and self-limited in nature without causing major problems. We report a rare case of unusually extensive necrosis started from a small eschar. PATIENT CONCERNS: In this report, a 65-year-old female patient with a history of diabetes mellitus present an 8 × 6 cm-sized huge eschar and extensive soft tissue necrosis aggravated from a small eschar. Also, there were 3 other sm