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Perceived vaccination status in ecotourists and risks of anthropozoonoses.

Anthropozoonotic (human to nonhuman animal) transmission of infectious disease poses a significant threat to wildlife. A large proportion of … lio, and measles. Fewer participants reported current vaccination status for influenza, rabies, and chickenpox. Despite the fact that the majority of visitors to Sepilok are from temperate regions where influenza is relatively more prevalent, 67.1% of those surveyed with medical-related occupations reported not being currently vaccinated for influenza. Ecoto …

What do children learn about biology from factual information? A comparison of interventions to improve understanding of contagious illnesses.

BACKGROUND: Children have been shown to hold misconceptions about illness, and previous work has indicated that their knowledge can be impro … rovided and scientific factual style. The interventions were focused on contagious illnesses (cold, chickenpox). A post-test was conducted 6 weeks later. RESULTS: Results from the pre-test show that the older children have more sophisticated understanding of illness than the younger children. Mean pre- to post-test change was calculated and analyses reveale …

Crystal structure of the herpes simplex virus 1 DNA polymerase.

Herpesviruses are the second leading cause of human viral diseases. Herpes Simplex Virus types 1 and 2 and Varicella-zoster virus produce neurotropic infections such as cutaneous and genital herpes, chickenpox, and shingles. Infections of a lymphotropic nature are caused by cytomegalovirus, HSV-6, HSV-7, and Epstein-Barr virus producing lymphoma, carcinoma, and congenital abnormalities. Yet another series of serious health problems are posed by infections in immunocompromised individuals. Common therapies for herpes viral infections employ nucleoside analogs, such as Acyclovir, and target the …

[Vaccination schedule of the Spanish Association of Pediatrics: recommendations 2006].

Based on the evidence available, the Vaccines Advisory Committee (VAC) of the Spanish Association of Pediatrics reports and comments on the … enic load together with the adult diphtheria and tetanus vaccine remains valid. Vaccination against chickenpox in susceptible children aged more than 12 months old continues to be recommended. There is wide coverage for the 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine in many areas of Spain. In view of the studies published, the VAC reiterates the need for univer …

Natural selection for rash-forming genotypes of the varicella-zoster vaccine virus detected within immunized human hosts.

The Oka vaccine strain is a live attenuated virus that is routinely administered to children in the United States and Europe to prevent chickenpox. It is effective and safe but occasionally produces a rash. The vaccine virus has accumulated mutations during its attenuation, but the rashes are not explained by their reversion, unlike complications reported for other viral vaccines. Indeed, most of the novel mutations distinguishing the Oka vaccine from the more virulent parental virus have not actually become fixed. Because the parental alleles are still present, the vaccine is polymorphic at >…

North Atlantic weather oscillation and human infectious diseases in the Czech Republic, 1951-2003.

Longitudinal correlation between the North Atlantic Oscillation large-scale weather system (NAO) and the annual incidence rate of 14 viral, bacterial and protozoan national notifiable human diseases in the Czech Republic was examined. In simple correlation, cases of salmonellosis, erysipelas, infectious mononucleosis and toxoplasmosis were positively correlated with the winter NAO index, while hepatitis A and shigellosis were negatively correlated, and the other diseases tested (rubella, mumps, chickenpox, tick-borne encephalitis, Lyme borreliosis, leptospirosis, tularemia and scarlet fever) w…

Dietary lipids in the aetiology of Alzheimer's disease: implications for therapy.

Varicella zoster virus (VZV) causes varicella (chickenpox) as the primary infection and zoster (shingles) on reactivation from latency, often many years later. One of the most common and most severe sequela of zoster is postherpetic neuralgia (PHN). Apart from age, factors which predispose towards PHN are unknown. In the present study, the concentration of a variety of Th1 and Th2 cytokines in the serum of 30 zoster patients at the time of the acute disease were correlated with the subsequent development of PHN in nine of these patients, but no association was found. In addition, although some…

Targeted dermal delivery of highly potent anti-varicella zoster virus nucleoside analogues from saturated solutions and ethanolic oil-in-water creams.

Varicella zoster virus (VZV) is responsible for causing chickenpox and shingles infections, the latter of which can lead to long-term post-herpetic neuralgia (PHN), the most common complication of VZV infections. A class of anti-VZV nucleoside analogues has been synthesised that shows up to 30,000 times the potency of aciclovir in vitro. The relatively high lipophilicities exhibited by the compounds led them to be selected for dermal delivery. The aim was to assess the relative penetration and permeation of the compounds into and through the skin, ideally targeting the region of skin in which …

Diphtheria and hearing loss.

OBJECTIVE: To determine if infectious diseases usually experienced in childhood have an effect on hearing ability later in life. METHODS: T … confidence interval [CI] 1.05, 7.36). There was no relationship between hearing loss and history of chickenpox, measles, mumps, pertussis, polio, rheumatic fever, rubella, or scarlet fever. Only two participants with a history of diphtheria and hearing loss reported having a hearing loss before age 20. CONCLUSIONS: Diphtheria in childhood may have consequen …

Antibodies for the prevention and treatment of viral diseases.

This paper reviews current use and evolving role of polyclonal and monoclonal antibody products for the prevention and treatment of viral diseases. Antibodies continue to be indicated for prophylaxis either prior to an anticipated exposure especially in situations of travel, or more commonly following an exposure. The predominant indication for use of antibody products is to prevent infection. With the availability of vaccines for the prevention of chickenpox, hepatitis A, hepatitis B, measles, rabies and smallpox, the role of passive immunization is reserved for susceptible individuals and th…

Treatment outcome of Moraxella keratitis: our experience with 18 cases--a retrospective review.

PURPOSE: To analyze the clinical presentation, predisposing risk factors, in vitro antimicrobial susceptibility, and especially the outcome of therapy of Moraxella keratitis. METHODS: Retrospective review of 18 culture-proven cases of Morarella keratitis. RESULTS: Morarella keratitis was associated with Hansen's disease, uncontrolled diabetes mellitus, herpes zoster ophthalmicus, and chickenpox of the recent past and severe protein energy malnutrition. Other associated ocular conditions included lagophthalmos, blepharitis, steroid therapy, corneal degeneration, and scleritis. In four patient…

Main causes of pre-donation deferral of prospective blood donors in the Singapore Blood Transfusion Service.

A retrospective study of the main causes of pre-donation deferral of prospective blood donors in the Singapore Blood Transfusion Service was … re in high-risk activity; being underweight; Hepatitis B carrier status; recent history of measles, chickenpox or other infections; tattoos, ear-piercing or acupuncture in the preceding six months; and presenting for a subsequent donation too soon. To protect blood donors and recipients, stringent donor screening criteria are necessary. Modifying physical cr …

Моделирование воздействия и эффективности с точки зрения затрат всеобщей вакцинации варицелла в Англии.

ВВЕДЕНИЕ: Два различных заболевания связаны с вирусом варицелла-зостера, варицелла (цикенпокс) и зостер (шинглы). В этом исследовании оценивается воздействие и эффективность с точки зрения затрат программы вакцинации детей от вариселы в Англии. Мы используем возрастную динамическую модель передачи и дерево для принятия экономических решений в области здравоохранения. Эта модель включает последние данные по варицелле и зостерной эпидемиологии, в том числе о воздействии внешних факторов на распространенность зостеров. Путем имитации различных стратегий вакцинации, включая обычные и наверстываемы

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
INTRODUCTION: Two distinct diseases are attributable to the varicella zoster virus, varicella (chickenpox) and zoster (shingles). This study assesses the impact and cost-effectiveness of a childhood varicella vaccination program in England. METHODS: We use an age-structured dynamic transmission model and a health economic decision tree. The model incorporat…

Impact of vaccination strategy adjustments on antibody levels against measles, rubella, mumps, and varicella in China: a single-center serological survey.

OBJECTIVE: This study evaluated trends in population immunity against measles, rubella, mumps, and varicella in Suqian City (2005-2024) using serological surveys (2019-2024) and incidence data, incorporating participants with known/unknown vaccination statuses to explore immunity dynamics amid evolving policies, and inform public health planning. METHODS: Serum samples from 541 (2019) and 506 (2024) healthy participants were analyzed for virus-specific IgG antibodies using ELISA. Disease incidence data were obtained from China's National Notifiable Disease Reporting System. Statistical analys

Development and validation of an agent-based cost-effectiveness model of varicella vaccination strategies in Australia.

AIMS: Varicella zoster virus (VZV) is highly infectious and initially presents as varicella (chickenpox, CP); following recovery VZV poses a lifetime risk of re-emergence as herpes zoster (shingles, HZ). At the time of this study, the Australian National Immunisation Program funded a single dose of VZV vaccine as MMRV (measles, mumps, rubella, varicella) at 18 months of age, and a HZ vaccine for persons aged 70 to 79 years. However, numerous studies have concluded that a two-dose VZV regimen during childhood may be more effective and that the optimal timing for HZ vaccination is uncertain. The…

Management and control of varicella on cruise ships: a collaborative approach to promoting public health.

BACKGROUND: In most years varicella is the vaccine-preventable disease most frequently reported to Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) by cruise ships. Since 2005, CDC has received numerous isolated case reports of varicella among crew members and has investigated varicella outbreaks aboard vessels sailing into and from US seaports. METHODS: CDC investigators reviewed electronic varicella case reports from 2005 to 2009 and outbreak reports from 2009 to characterize the response and control efforts implemented by cruise ships in accordance with CDC protocols. Outbreak reports from

The cost-effectiveness of varicella and combined varicella and herpes zoster vaccination programmes in the United Kingdom.

BACKGROUND: Despite the existence of varicella vaccine, many developed countries have not introduced it into their national schedules, partly because of concerns about whether herpes zoster (HZ, shingles) will increase due to a lack of exogenous boosting. The magnitude of any increase in zoster that might occur is dependent on rates at which adults and children mix - something that has only recently been quantified - and could be reduced by simultaneously vaccinating older individuals against shingles. This study is the first to assess the cost-effectiveness of combined varicella and zoster va

Current immunization policies for pneumococcal, meningococcal C, varicella and rotavirus vaccinations in Italy.

OBJECTIVES: As Italian Regions can implement different policies for immunizations that are not already recommended "across the board" in the country, the present study aimed to describe Regional recommendations and strategies concerning pneumococcal, meningococcal C, varicella and rotavirus vaccines. METHODS: In July 2010, a self-administered cross-sectional questionnaire was mailed to the Regional coordinators for infectious diseases and vaccinations. Data were analysed and compared with the results of previous surveys conducted two and four years before. RESULTS: To date, a universal vacci

Post Varicella lung fibrosis: a lingering scar of viral pneumonia.

Varicella pneumonia occurs in 5%-15% of adults with primary varicella infection. While acute pulmonary complications of varicella pneumonia are well described, there are limited data on its long-term sequelae. We report a rare case of post varicella lung fibrosis that presented to us 2½ years after an uneventful recovery from varicella pneumonia. What makes this case unique is the demonstration of characteristic inclusion bodies in the histology specimen and the positive PCR test for varicella DNA, which substantiated the diagnosis and elucidated the possibility of long-term viral persistence.

Varicella Development after Infliximab Therapy for Refractory Pouchitis in Post-surgical Ulcerative Colitis.

A boy in his late teens had undergone proctocolectomy for refractory ulcerative colitis eight months ago. Two months earlier, he had developed pouchitis and received intensive treatment with infliximab (IFX). Two days after the IFX injection, a fever and generalized rash appeared. Varicella zoster virus (VZV) antigen positivity in the blisters led to a diagnosis of varicella. Based on the history of VZV vaccination, environmental conditions, and VZV antibody titers in the early stages of the disease, VZV reactivation was suggested. The possibility of varicella should be considered when blister