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Pgp3 protein of Chlamydia trachomatis inhibits apoptosis via HO-1 upregulation mediated by PI3K/Akt activation.

As an obligate intracellular pathogen, Chlamydia trachomatis assumes various strategies to inhibit host cells apoptosis, thereby providing a suitable intracellular environment to ensure completion of the development cycle. In the current study, we revealed that Pgp3 protein, one of eight plasmid proteins of C. trachomatis that has been illustrated as the key virulence factor, increased HO-1 expression to suppress apoptosis, and downregulation of HO-1 with siRNA-HO-1 failed to exert anti-apoptosis activity of Pgp3 protein. Moreover, treatment of PI3K/Akt pathway inhibitor and Nrf2 inhibitor evi…

The Chlamydia trachomatis Inclusion Membrane Protein CTL0390 Mediates Host Cell Exit via Lysis through STING Activation.

The obligate intracellular bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis is the causative agent of the most frequently reported bacterial sexually transmitted disease. Upon internalization into host cells, C. trachomatis remains within a membrane-bound compartment known as an inclusion, where it undergoes its developmental cycle. After completion of this cycle, bacteria exit the host cell. One mechanism of exit is lysis, whereby the inclusion and host cell rupture to release bacteria; however, the mechanism of lysis is not well characterized. A subset of C. trachomatis effectors, known as inclusion membrane…

High Prevalence of Mycoplasma penetrans in Chlamydia trachomatis Positive Rectal Samples From Men: A Brief Report.

Mycoplasma penetrans has gained increased attention in relation to sexually transmitted infections, however, its pathogenic potential and prevalence in different populations remains to be elucidated. Among 293 Chlamydia trachomatis positive rectal samples submitted for lymphogranuloma venereum typing, M. penetrans was detected by PCR in 13.4% of 231 male samples.

Chlamydia trachomatis core genome data mining for promising novel drug targets and chimeric vaccine candidates identification.

Chlamydia trachomatis is involved in most sexually transmitted diseases. The species has emerged as a major public health threat due to its multidrug-resistant capabilities, and new therapeutic target inferences have become indispensable to combat its pathogenesis. However, no commercial vaccine is yet available to treat the C. trachomatis infection. In this study, we used the publicly available complete genome sequences of C. trachomatis and performed comparative proteomics and reverse vaccinology analyses to explore novel drug and vaccine targets against this devastating pathogen. We identif…

Human genital antibody-mediated inhibition of Chlamydia trachomatis infection and evidence for ompA genotype-specific neutralization.

The endocervix, the primary site of Chlamydia trachomatis (Ct) infection in women, has a unique repertoire of locally synthesized IgG and secretory IgA (SIgA) with contributions from serum IgG. Here, we assessed the ability of genital and serum-derived IgG and IgA from women with a recent positive Ct test to neutralize Ct elementary bodies (EBs) and inhibit inclusion formation in vitro in human endocervical epithelial cells. We also determined if neutralization was influenced by the major outer membrane protein (MOMP) of the infecting strain, as indicated by ompA gene sequencing and genotyping…

A Chlamydia trachomatis Strain Expressing Ovalbumin Stimulates an Antigen-Specific CD4+ T Cell Response in Mice.

Antigen-specific CD4+ T cells against Chlamydia are crucial for driving bacterial clearance and mediating protection against reinfection. Although the Chlamydia trachomatis protein Cta1 has been identified to be a dominant murine CD4+ T cell antigen, its level of expression during the bacterial developmental cycle and precise localization within the host cell are unknown. Newly developed tools for Chlamydia genetic manipulation have allowed us to generate a C. trachomatis strain expressing a heterologous CD4+ T cell epitope from ovalbumin (OVA) consisting of OVA residues 323 to 339 (OVA323-339…

Alternatively Activated Macrophages Are Host Cells for Chlamydia trachomatis and Reverse Anti-chlamydial Classically Activated Macrophages.

The obligate intracellular pathogen Chlamydia trachomatis (Ctr) is the causative agent of the most common form of sexually transmitted disease in the United States. Genital infections with C. trachomatis can lead to inflammatory tissue damage followed by scarring and tissue remodeling during wound healing. Extensive scarring can lead to ectopic pregnancy or infertility. Classically activated macrophages (CA mϕ), with their anti-microbial effector mechanisms, are known to be involved in acute inflammatory processes during the course of infection. In contrast, alternatively activated macrophages…

Multi-locus sequence analysis reveals a novel sequence type of Chlamydia trachomatis in Saratov Region, Russia.

Chlamydia trachomatis is the causative agent of a variety of chlamydial infections in humans with a predominantly (up to 80%) asymptomatic course of disease. In this study, a potentially novel C. trachomatis sequence type (ST) was detected in an asymptomatic man who has sex with a man among the nine STs revealed in urogenital swabs from individuals with chlamydia (n = 18). Phylogenetically this ST270 clustered separately as a single clade to an ST13-founded group of C. trachomatis strains and differed from the latter by a single allele, hflX. This finding emphasizes the importance of careful i…

Relationship between Chlamydia Trachomatis Infection with Patency Tubal and Non-Patency Tubal Occurrence in Infertile Women.

AIM: To determine the relationship between Chlamydia Trachomatis infections with patency tubal and non-patency tubal occurrence in infertile women. METHODS: This research was an observational analytic research with a cross-sectional study. This research was conducted at Haji Adam Malik General Hospital Medan, Pramita Laboratory Medan and Medical Faculty of Medicine Universitas Sumatera Utara. Laboratory on October 2017 until the number of samples was fulfilled. The samples were women who were referred to Pramita Laboratory Medan for hysterosalpingography procedure in accordance which correspo…

Phenotypic antimicrobial susceptibility testing of Chlamydia trachomatis isolates from patients with persistent or successfully treated infections.

OBJECTIVES: Antimicrobial susceptibility data for Chlamydia trachomatis are lacking. Methodologies for susceptibility testing in C. trachomatis are not well-defined, standardized or performed routinely owing to its intracellular growth requirements. We sought to develop an assay for the in vitro susceptibility testing of C. trachomatis isolates from two patient cohorts with different clinical outcomes. METHODS: Twenty-four clinical isolates (11 from persistently infected and 13 from successfully treated patients) were overlaid with media containing two-fold serial dilutions of azithromycin or…

STI with Mycoplasma genitalium-more common than Chlamydia trachomatis in patients attending youth clinics in Sweden.

The prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis in Sweden is well known, whereas the prevalence of Mycoplasma genitalium is less well documented. Youth clinics offer free contraception advice, sexually transmitted infection (STI) testing and/or contact tracing for the age group 15-25 years. The main objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of STIs, the presence of symptoms and the role of contact tracing. From July 2013 to March 2014, 1001 persons, 509 women and 492 men, were included in this study of six youth clinics in the Region of Västra Götaland. Symptoms were registered and wheth…

Chlamydia trachomatis plasmid-encoded protein Pgp3 inhibits apoptosis via the PI3K-AKT-mediated MDM2-p53 axis.

Chlamydia trachomatis, the most common human pathogen that causes trachoma and sexually transmitted disease, has developed various strategies for inhibiting host cell apoptosis. Activation of the PI3K (phosphoinositide 3-kinase)/AKT-mediated MDM2 (murine double minute 2)-p53 pathway plays a prominent role in the apoptosis resistance arising from C. trachomatis infection. However, the precise upstream mechanisms by which C. trachomatis activates this pathway have not been adequately investigated. Here, we reveal that the secreted C. trachomatis plasmid-encoded protein Pgp3 inhibits apoptosis in…

Genital Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae infections among women in sub-Saharan Africa: A structured review.

Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae constitute major public health problems among women, but the burden of infection in sub-Saharan Africa is poorly documented. We conducted a structured review of the prevalence and incidence of genital, oral and anal C. trachomatis and N. gonorrhoeae infection in women in sub-Saharan Africa. We searched Medline, EMBASE and Web of Science over a 10-year period for studies on epidemiology of genital, oral and anal chlamydial infection and gonorrhoea in women in all countries of sub-Saharan Africa. We assessed geographic and demographic differences i…

Lactobacillus plantarum producing a Chlamydia trachomatis antigen induces a specific IgA response after mucosal booster immunization.

Mucosal immunity is important for the protection against a wide variety of pathogens. Traditional vaccines administered via parenteral routes induce strong systemic immunity, but they often fail to generate mucosal IgA. In contrast, bacteria-based vaccines comprise an appealing strategy for antigen delivery to mucosal sites. Vaginal infection with Chlamydia trachomatis can develop into upper genital tract infections that can lead to infertility. Therefore, the development of an effective vaccine against Chlamydia is a high priority. In the present study, we have explored the use of a common la…

Chlamydia trachomatis Prevents Apoptosis Via Activation of PDPK1-MYC and Enhanced Mitochondrial Binding of Hexokinase II.

The intracellular human bacterial pathogen Chlamydia trachomatis pursues effective strategies to protect infected cells against death-inducing stimuli. Here, we show that Chlamydia trachomatis infection evokes 3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase-1 (PDPK1) signaling to ensure the completion of its developmental cycle, further leading to the phosphorylation and stabilization of MYC. Using biochemical approaches and imaging we demonstrate that Chlamydia-induced PDPK1-MYC signaling induces host hexokinase II (HKII), which becomes enriched and translocated to the mitochondria. Strikingly, p…

Chlamidia trachomatis plasmid-ed протеиновый pORF5 защищает митохондриальную функцию, вызывая митофагию и увеличивая выражение HMGB1.

Хламидия трахоматис, обязующаяся к внутриклеточному патогену, имеет различные эффективные стратегии регулирования каналов оповещения о смерти в принимающих камерах, которые обеспечивают завершение их цикла роста. Митохондриальная автофагия (митофагия) отвечает за устранение дисфункциональной и поврежденной митохондрии, и этот процесс играет решающую роль в выживании клеток посредством ограничения митохондриального апоптотического пути. Однако конкретные молекулярные механизмы не вполне понятны. В настоящем исследовании мы заметили, что порФ5 пласмидный белок C. trachomatis играет решающую роль

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
Chlamydia trachomatis, an obligate intracellular pathogen, has various effective strategies to regulate host cell death signalling pathways that ensure completion of their growth cycle. Mitochondrial autophagy (mitophagy) is responsible for elimination of dysfunctional and impaired mitochondria, and this process plays a critical role in cell survival via res…

Repeat Chlamydia trachomatis testing among heterosexual STI outpatient clinic visitors in the Netherlands: a longitudinal study.

BACKGROUND: Chlamydia infections are common in both men and women, are often asymptomatic and can cause serious complications. Repeat testing in high-risk groups is therefore indicated. In the Netherlands, guidelines on repeat chlamydia testing differ between testing facilities, and knowledge on repeat testing behaviour is limited. Here, we analyse the current repeat testing behaviour of heterosexual STI clinic visitors, and aim to identify groups for which repeat testing advice could be advantageous. METHODS: Longitudinal surveillance data from all Dutch STI outpatient clinics were used, whi

Asymptomatic anorectal Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae infections are associated with systemic CD8+ T-cell activation.

BACKGROUND: Oral preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) has been established as a pivotal strategy in HIV prevention. However, bacterial sexually transmitted infections (STIs), such as Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae, are also highly prevalent. Although the presence of STI-related mucosal lesions is a known risk factor for HIV acquisition, the potential increase in risk associated with asymptomatic STIs is not completely understood. Recent data demonstrated higher T-cell activation is a risk factor for sexually acquired HIV-1 infection. We examined the effect of asymptomatic C. trachom…

Chlamydia trachomatis growth and development requires the activity of host Long-chain Acyl-CoA Synthetases (ACSLs).

The obligate-intracellular pathogen Chlamydia trachomatis (Ct) has undergone considerable genome reduction with consequent dependence on host biosynthetic pathways, metabolites and enzymes. Long-chain acyl-CoA synthetases (ACSLs) are key host-cell enzymes that convert fatty acids (FA) into acyl-CoA for use in metabolic pathways. Here, we show that the complete host ACSL family [ACSL1 and ACSL3-6] translocates into the Ct membrane-bound vacuole, termed inclusion, and remains associated with membranes of metabolically active forms of Ct throughout development. We discovered that three different …