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Activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling is critical for the tumorigenesis of choroid plexus.

BACKGROUND: The choroid plexus (ChP) is the secretory epithelial structure located in the brain ventricles. Choroid plexus tumors (CPTs) are rare neoplasms predominantly occurring in young patients with intensified malignancy in children. CPT treatment is hindered by insufficient knowledge of tumor pathology and the limited availability of valid models. METHODS: Genomic and transcriptomic data from CPT patients were analyzed to identify the putative pathological pathway. Cellular and molecular techniques were employed to validate bioinformatic results in CPT patient samples. Pharmacologic inh…

A concept-based interpretable model for the diagnosis of choroid neoplasias using multimodal data.

Diagnosing rare diseases remains a critical challenge in clinical practice, often requiring specialist expertise. Despite the promising potential of machine learning, the scarcity of data on rare diseases and the need for interpretable, reliable artificial intelligence (AI) models complicates development. This study introduces a multimodal concept-based interpretable model tailored to distinguish uveal melanoma (0.4-0.6 per million in Asians) from hemangioma and metastatic carcinoma following the clinical practice. We collected a comprehensive dataset on Asians to date on choroid neoplasm imag…

Hypoxemia exerts detrimental effects on the choroid plexuses and cerebrospinal fluid system in rats.

BACKGROUND: Hypoxemia can cause secondary acute brain injury, but the mechanisms behind it are not entirely clear and could involve disturbances in the brain extracellular fluids. We aimed to explore the effects of hypoxemia on the choroid plexus (CPs) and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) system in rats. METHODS: Male Sprague Dawley rats were kept in O2 control in vivo cabinet with either 21% (normoxia) or 8% O2 (hypoxemia) for up to 48 h. In some cases, signaling of selected cytokines was inhibited prior to hypoxemia. CSF and blood samples were collected by Cisterna Magna puncture and through venou…

Choroid plexus enlargement contributes to motor severity via regional glymphatic dysfunction in Parkinson's disease.

Choroid plexus (CP) enlargement and glymphatic dysfunction have been implicated in neurodegeneration, but their roles in Parkinson's disease (PD) remain unclear. This retrospective cross-sectional study examined associations among CP volume, perivascular spaces (PVS), and motor symptom severity in 123 PD patients stratified by disease stage. MRI quantified CP volume and PVS, including dilated PVS (dPVS), across brain regions. CP-dPVS correlations were stronger in early-stage PD. Region-specific analyses revealed CP volume was associated with PVS in the midbrain and basal ganglia. CP-dPVS corre…

Adenosine A2A Receptor in the Choroid Plexus Modulates Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury in the Cortex.

BACKGROUND: Stroke remains a leading cause of death and disability worldwide, but the therapeutic efficacies of the mainstay treatments, mechanical thrombectomy and intravenous thrombolysis, are limited due to constraints such as the narrow treatment window and the issue of reperfusion injury following restoration of blood flow. Ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury is characterized by the infiltration of peripheral leukocytes, which are believed to enter the central nervous system through the breakdown of the blood-brain barrier. However, the involvement of the choroid plexus (ChP), a part of the…

Ophthalmic conditions affecting the choroid and retina in pregnancy: An overview of key pathologies.

The early recognition and appropriate management of diseases affecting the retina and choroid is important to optimise visual outcomes. However, treating these conditions in pregnant women may pose unique challenges and requires multidisciplinary collaboration between obstetricians and ophthalmologists. This review provides an overview of chorioretinal conditions that may arise or worsen during pregnancy or labour, their clinical presentation, current evidence on management in pregnant women, as well as their relevance to maternal-fetal health.

Quick and robust method for the generation of human iPSC-derived choroid plexus organoids.

The choroid plexus (ChP) is a key brain structure responsible for cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) production and forms a selective barrier that regulates brain homeostasis and immune surveillance. In vitro models of ChP are essential for studying CSF dynamics, viral entry, neuroinflammation, and CNS drug transport; yet current organoid protocols remain complex, slow, and difficult to reproduce. Here, we report a quick and robust method for the generation of human iPSC-derived ChP organoids that is xeno-free and serum-free, scalable, and reproducible. Early GSK3β inhibition and transient WNT modulati…

Spinal drop metastases of choroid plexus papilloma: a brief report and updated literature review.

Choroid plexus papillomas (CPPs) are rare central nervous system benign tumours and spinal metastases are even less frequent. Herein, we describe a case of a 51-year-old man with several episodes of loss of consciousness. Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) displayed a fourth ventricle contrast-enhancing lesion that was totally resected, and histopathological findings showed a papillary neoplasm derived from choroid plexus epithelium, with mild pleomorphism and absence of mitotic activity, consistent with CPP. Two months after the first operation, multiple spinal drop metastases at L4, L5 a…

Association Between Choroid Plexus Morphological Alterations, Alzheimer Pathologies, and Cognitive Impairment: A Longitudinal Study.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The choroid plexus (ChP) plays a crucial role in maintaining brain health. Alzheimer disease (AD) pathologies may damage the ChP and accelerate neurodegeneration. Previous imaging studies have found overall increased ChP volume in patients with AD. In this study, we aim to investigate AD-related ChP morphological features and their associations with cognitive decline. METHODS: This retrospective study used data from participants without dementia enrolled in the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative, a large multicenter project. We included participants with co…

The Lipidome of the Lateral Ventricle Choroid Plexus Exhibits Sex-Specific Changes Across Aging.

During aging, the brain's lipid composition and the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) secreted by the choroid plexus (ChP) undergo significant modifications. The ChP, an epithelial tissue located in each brain ventricle, experiences a decline in key functions, including protein secretion and CSF production. A critical gap in our understanding of the ChP lies in its lipid composition and the potential impact of age-related changes on its physiology. This study hypothesized that the lipidome of the lateral ventricle choroid plexus (LVCP) is modulated during aging, potentially generating pro-inflammatory…

Novel Insights Into Gyrate Atrophy of the Choroid and Retina (GACR): A Cohort Study.

Gyrate atrophy of the choroid and retina (GACR, OMIM #258870) is a rare inherited metabolic disorder characterized by progressive chorioretinal degeneration and hyperornithinemia. Current therapeutic modalities potentially slow disease progression but are not successful in preventing blindness. To allow for trial development, increased knowledge of the clinical phenotype and current therapeutic outcomes is required. In this study, we analyzed 27 patients with GACR. The median age at inclusion was 24 years (range 8-58), with a median age at diagnosis of 14 years (range 0-42). Symptoms began at …

Расширение хороидного слекса коррелирует с демиелинирующими повреждениями и таламической атрофией в радиологическо изолированном синдроме.

Углубление хороида-плексуса (ChP) связано с нейроинфламмацией, атрофацией мозга и инвалидностью при множественном склерозе (MS); его значение для людей с радиологически изолированным синдромом (pwRIS) не ясно. ЦЕЛЬ: изучение различий в объеме ЧП (ЧПВ) по возрастным/половым соотношениям ПРИС, людям с МЗ (ПВМС) и здоровым контролем (ГК), а также изучение связей между ХПВВ, количественными показателями мозга и разработкой клинически определенных МЗ (МЧМ). МЕТОДЫ: 3 магнитных резонансных изображения Tesla (3T-MRIS) из 59 pwRIS, 59 pwMS и 59 HC были проанализированы. Была произведена оценка объема

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
BACKGROUND: Choroid plexus (ChP) enlargement correlates with neuroinflammation, brain atrophy, and disability in multiple sclerosis (MS); its relevance in people with radiologically isolated syndrome (pwRIS) is unclear. OBJECTIVE: To investigate ChP volume (ChPvol) differences across age-/sex-matched pwRIS, people with MS (pwMS), and healthy controls (HCs),…

Chronic Active Lesions and Larger Choroid Plexus Explain Cognition and Fatigue in Multiple Sclerosis.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Chronic inflammation may contribute to cognitive dysfunction and fatigue in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). Paramagnetic rim lesions (PRLs) and choroid plexus (CP) enlargement have been proposed as markers of chronic inflammation in MS being associated with a more severe disease course. However, their relation with cognitive impairment and fatigue has not been fully explored yet. Here, we investigated the contribution of PRL number and volume and CP enlargement to cognitive impairment and fatigue in patients with MS. METHODS: Brain 3T MRI, neurologic evaluati…

Mast cells in human choroid and their role in age-related macular degeneration (AMD).

The role of mast cells in physiologic and pathological processes extends far beyond the allergy processes: they are involved in wound healing, chronic inflammation, and tumor growth. This short article emphasizes the role played by mast cells in age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Mast cells can induce angiogenesis and are present around Bruch's membrane during the early and late stages of choroidal neovascularization in AMD. Proteolytic enzymes released by mast cells lead to thinning of the choroid in AMD as well as degradation of vascular basement membranes and Bruch's membrane, which in…

Greater humoral EBV response may be associated with choroid plexus inflammation in progressive MS.

Choroid plexus (CP) inflammation can be quantified in vivo with MRI in people with multiple sclerosis (pwMS). It remains unknown whether Epstein Barr Virus (EBV) is related to CP changes. Total of 170 pwMS (116 relapsing-remitting; RRMS and 54 progressive MS; PMS) underwent MRI examination and measurement of humoral anti-EBV response. CP volume and CP pseudo-T2 (pT2), a relaxation time indicative of edema and neuroinflammation, were measured. Moreover, anti-EBV nuclear antigen-1 (EBNA-1) IgG and anti-EBV capsid antigen (VCA) IgG antibodies were measured. The PMS group had greater CP pT2 value …

Impact of the Valsalva manoeuvre on the choroid: A systematic review with meta-analyses.

A variety of daily activities can intentionally or unintentionally cause the Valsalva manoeuvre, which induces a physiological response of elevated peripheral venous pressure. Studies have speculated that it may ultimately affect the choroidal anatomy. This is particularly important from a clinical point-of-view since patients occasionally hold their breath while undergoing macular optical coherence tomography (OCT). In this study, we systematically reviewed the literature to understand the impact of the Valsalva manoeuvre on the choroid and conducted meta-analyses on the changes induced in th…

Investigation of choroid plexus variability in schizophrenia-spectrum disorders-insights from a multimodal study.

Previous studies have suggested that choroid plexus (ChP) enlargement occurs in individuals with schizophrenia-spectrum disorders (SSD) and is associated with peripheral inflammation. However, it is unclear whether such an enlargement delineates a biologically defined subgroup of SSD. Moreover, it remains elusive how ChP is linked to brain regions associated with peripheral inflammation in SSD. A cross-sectional cohort of 132 individuals with SSD and 107 age-matched healthy controls (HC) underwent cerebral magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and clinical phenotyping to investigate the ChP and ass…

Early regional changes in retina and choroid of chicks following monocular hemifield form deprivation.

To investigate regional changes in the chick retina and choroid after hemifield form deprivation (HFD). Ten chicks were randomly and equally divided into a temporal retinal deprivation (TRD) and nasal retinal deprivation (NRD) group. HFD was induced with half-lateral translucent plastic goggles in the right eye; the left eye was kept untreated. Swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT) images obtained at 0, 3, and 72 hours (h) were analyzed using customized software. After 72 h of TRD, the retinal thickness (RT) of the treated eyes was significantly less than that of the fellow eyes i…

The Effect of Repeated Low-Level Red-Light Therapy on Myopia Control and Choroid.

PURPOSE: To investigate the long-term effects of repeated low-level red light (RLRL) therapy on the axial length (AL), spherical equivalent (SE), and choroidal parameters. METHODS: Two hundred eight myopic eyes were recruited. The RLRL group included 100 eyes, whereas the control group included 108 eyes. Throughout the one-year follow-up period, changes in AL and SE were recorded for both groups. The RLRL group underwent additional choroidal imaging, and changes in choroidal thickness (CT), choroidal vascularity (CV), and choriocapillaris luminal area (CLA) were assessed before and after RLRL…