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[Application of near-infrared spectroscopy to management of vegetation for natural grassland].

Vegetation is a major index for monitoring the grassland condition and productivity. The change in vegetation directly reflects degradation … litter. NIRS technique can accurately predict the decomposition status of litter and the change of lignin, cellulose, nitrogen, ash and other nutrient contents during the decomposition of litter. NIRS has potential to provide rapid and effective estimates of material cycling in grassland ecosystems to assist managers in establishing application rates of …

Modifying actions of solvent extracts from fruit and vegetable residues on 2-amino-3-methylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoline (IQ) and 2-amino-3,4-dimethylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoxaline (MeIQx) induced mutagenesis in Salmonella typhimurium TA 98.

The edible parts of 13 fruits--apples, apricots, bananas, blackberries, sweet cherries, red currants, white grapes, oranges, peaches, pears, … ally of broccoli, white and red cabbage. Indeed, mutagenicity induced by IQ was strongly reduced by lignin, weakly by alginic acid and pectin A, while cellulose, gum arabic, gum guar, and xylan were ineffective. With respect to the mechanisms of antimutagenicity binding of IQ by various fibers and inhibition of cytochrome P-450-dependent monooxygenases m …

Brown midrib corn shredlage in diets for high-producing dairy cows.

A novel method of harvesting whole-plant corn silage, shredlage, may increase kernel processing and physically effective fiber. Improved fiber effectiveness may be especially advantageous when feeding brown midrib (BMR) corn hybrids, which have reduced lignin content. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of feeding TMR containing BMR corn shredlage (SHRD) compared with BMR conventionally processed corn silage (KP) or KP plus chopped alfalfa hay (KPH) on intake, lactation performance, and total-tract nutrient digestibility in dairy cows. The KP was harvested using conventiona…

Nutritive value and palatability of guajillo (Acacia berlandieri) as a component of goat diets.

Guajillo (Acacia berlandieri Benth.) is a low-growing, multi-stemmed shrub widely distributed in southern Texas and northern Mexico. Proxima … llowed by a 7 day collection period. Diets were analyzed for DM, OM, N, NDF, ADF, ADF-N, cellulose, lignin, gross energy, phenolic amines, and bovine serum albumin precipitating capacity. Feed DM and OM intake, water consumption, fecal and urine output, nitrogen and energy balance, and urine glucuronic acid output was determined on the animals. Dietary c …

Antioxidant and selective cytotoxic activity of Dipterocarpus obtusifolius flower extract against gastrointestinal cancer, with bioactive component profiling.

BACKGROUND: Gastrointestinal (GI) malignancies exhibit significant global variations in incidence and mortality. Late diagnosis remains a ma … th extraction, which reveals that the metabolites present in the highest concentration are leucine, lignin and elaidic acid. Notably, many of these identified compounds have prior associations with antioxidant and apoptosis-inducing activities. CONCLUSION: This study provides the first in vitro evidence that the Dipterocarpus obtusifolius Teijsm. ex Miq …

Vanillin and its Derivatives: Therapeutic Strategies in Modern Medicine.

INTRODUCTION: Vanillin, a phenolic aldehyde, is the primary component of the vanilla bean's ethanolic extract. Synthetic vanillin is now more commonly used as a flavoring in foods, beverages, and pharmaceuticals. Natural vanilla extract consists of several hundred derivatives, while artificial vanilla flavoring is often a synthetic ethanol solution of pure vanillin. The first commercial synthesis of vanillin began with eugenol, and today, it is made from guaiacol or lignin. METHODS: This narrative review aggregates and critically assesses available literature on vanillin and its synthetic der…

[Effect of aqueous extract of Corni Fructus on Aβ_(25-35)-induced brain injury and neuroinflammation in mice with Alzheimer's disease].

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of aqueous extract of Corni Fructus on β-amyloid protein 25-35(Aβ_(25-35))-induced brain injury and neuroinflammation in Alzheimer's disease(AD) mice to provide an experimental basis for the treatment of AD by aqueous extract of Corni Fructus. Sixty C57BL/6J male mice were randomly divided into a sham group, a model group, a positive control group(huperizine A, 0.2 mg·kg~(-1)), a low-dose aqueous extract of Corni Fructus group(1.3 g·kg~(-1)), a medium-dose aqueous extract of Corni Fructus group(2.6 g·kg~(-1)), and a high-dose aqueous extr

Resistance of Zygorhynchus species to lysis.

Zygorhynchus vuilleminii, a nonmelanin-containing fungus, was not lysed by mycolytic actinomycetes. Several enzymes and Streptomyces enzyme preparations digesting walls of other fungi were without appreciable activity on walls of Zygorhynchus species. A bacterium able to solubilize a portion of the Zygorhynchus wall released little or no reducing sugars from these structures. Fractions of Z. vuilleminii walls were resistant to glucanase hydrolysis, but certain fractions were digested by chitinase and microbial enzyme preparations. The walls and several wall fractions were not readily susceptib

Pathologic complete response to enfortumab vedotin plus pembrolizumab in node-positive urothelial carcinoma: a case report.

BACKGROUND: Biofuels obtained from first-generation (1G) sugars-starch streams have been proven unsustainable as their constant consumption is not only significantly costly for commercial scale production systems, but it could potentially lead to problems associated with extortionate food items for human usage. In this regard, biofuels' production in alkali-thermophilic environs from second-generation (2G) bio-waste would not only be markedly feasible, but these extreme conditions might be able to sustain aseptic fermentations without spending much for sterilization. RESULTS: Present investig

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… LCB (primarily comprises of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin) is first degraded into long-chain polysaccharides and then into their corresponding monosaccharides [ 3 – 5 ]. … The chemicals used in pretreatment expose the crystalline cellulose and enhance its porosity by breaking down lignin protection around it, which, in turn, facilitates polysaccharide hydrolysis [ 32 , 33 ]. …

Dataset of lignocellulosic residue valorization of cropland activities to produce activated carbon.

This dataset compiles experimental and geospatial information on the valorization of agricultural lignocellulosic residues from Zacatecas, Mexico, for potential conversion into activated carbon. Data acquisition involved a combination of field sampling, laboratory analysis, and Geographic Information System (GIS) processing. Four primary crops were selected, corn, oats, agave, and garlic due to their significant residue generation. Residues were collected and characterized for their cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin, ash, and nutrient content following standardized protocols, including the Neut…

Phytochemical composition and bioactivity of Debregeasia saeneb leaves: Insights into anti-diabetic and antioxidant properties.

Medicinal plants are an essential reservoir of natural compounds with diverse pharmacological properties. This study focuses on Debregeasia … Further qualitative assessments confirmed the presence of glycosides, leucoanthocyanins, quinones, lignins, carbohydrates, terpenoids, anthraquinones, and phlobatannins in the extracts of D. saeneb (Forsk.) Hepper & J.R.I.Wood. Quantitative analyses established the total phenolic, tannin, and flavonoid contents, revealing a positive correlation among th …

Petroleum ether extract of Schisandra sphenanthera prevents hyperglycemia and insulin resistance in association with modulation of sweet taste receptors and gut microbiota in T2DM rats.

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Schisandra sphenanthera (Schisandra sphenanthera Rehd. et Wils.) is the dried mature fruit of Schisandra sph … S: GC-MS was used to determine the chemical composition of SPEP, and HPLC was used to determine the lignin content. A combination of the HFD and the administration of streptozotocin (STZ) was employed to generate a rat model of T2DM. Petroleum ether extracts from Schisandra sphenanthera were used as the focus of the research to evaluate the effects of th …

Effects of partial replacement of corn silage and oat silage with dried extracted stevia plant on production, feeding behavior, and digestibility in dairy cows.

The objectives were to determine the effects of partially replacing corn and oat silages with dried extracted stevia (Stevia rebaudiana) on … uced efficiency of capturing dietary N as milk N. Diets containing stevia had increased contents of lignin and undigested NDF and a smaller proportion of particles > 8 mm, which likely contributed to the linear reductions in digestibility of OM, thus compromising the digestible energy content of diets (2.71 vs. 2.47 vs. 2.28 Mcal/kg). Collectively, parti …

Substitution of wheat straw with sugarcane bagasse in low-forage diets fed to mid-lactation dairy cows: Milk production, digestibility, and chewing behavior.

Sugarcane bagasse (SB) is a low-quality roughage source that is often plentiful during times of forage shortage. It is generally less costly … detergent fiber (NDF; 86.2 vs. 76.4% of DM), acid detergent fiber (ADF; 62.9 vs. 45.2% of DM), and lignin (19.9 vs. 10.3% of DM) concentration, but less crude protein (CP; 2.63 vs. 3.72% of DM) concentration than WS. Sugarcane bagasse also had greater physically effective NDF (total dietary NDF multiplied by % of TMR on the 8-mm + 19-mm sieves, peNDF8; …

Ectopic expression of EFFECTOR OF TRANSCRIPTION perturbs gibberellin-mediated plant developmental processes.

The plant hormone gibberellin (GA) is known to modulate various aspects of plant cell differentiation and development. The current model of GA-mediated regulation is based on a de-repressible system and includes specific protein modification and degradation. HRT, a zinc finger protein from barley has been shown to have GA-dependent transcriptional repressing activity on the seed-specific alpha-amylase promoter [Raventos, D., Skriver, K., Schlein, M., Karnahl, K., Rogers, S.W., Rogers, J.C. and Mundy, J. 1998. J. Biol. Chem. 273: 23313-23320]. Here we report the characterization of a dicot homo

Pharmacognostic profiles, evaluation of analgesic, anti-inflammatory and anticonvulsant activities of Newbouldia laevis (P. Beauv.) Seem. ex Bureau leaf and root extracts in Wistar rats.

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Newbouldia laevis is a popular medicinal plant whose leaves and roots are used in Nigeria as ethnomedicinal … vascular bundle. The root powder showed the presence of brachy sclereid, fibers without lumen, and lignin. All physicochemical parameters fall within the acceptable limits, phytochemical contents showed mainly glycosides, alkaloids, and steroids while acute oral toxicity (LD50) of the parts for 14 days did not produce any toxicity signs or mortality in …

Temporal associations between changes in total mixed ration nutrients, maximum temperature-humidity index, and milk yield in housed dairy cows.

A multisite time series investigated effects of nutritional changes in TMR diets and temperature-humidity index (THI) on dairy cow milk yield. Weekly diet samples were collected and tested from 8 farms with a total of 9 strings or herds over an average of 58 weeks. Nutrient components of the diet examined for effects on milk yield were NDF, lignin, crude fat, CP, neutral detergent insoluble crude protein (NDICP), starch, and non-fiber carbohydrates (NFC). Milk yield was measured from daily shipped milk or individual milk volumes. Weather data were measured using on-farm or nearby publicly avai…

Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae: a re-emerging, multi-faceted, pandemic pathogen.

UNLABELLED: Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae is the causal agent of bacterial canker of green-fleshed kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosa) and … nd antibiotic resistance genes, multiple siderophore genes and genes involved in the degradation of lignin derivatives and other phenolics. This pathogen can therefore easily colonize hosts throughout the year. TAXONOMY: Bacteria; Proteobacteria, gamma subdivision; Order Pseudomonadales; Family Pseudomonadaceae; Genus Pseudomonas; Pseudomonas syringae s …

Фитохимические вещества, направляемые на сигнализацию BDNF для лечения неврологических расстройств.

Неврологические расстройства определяются ухудшением или нарушением структуры и функции нервной системы. Эти заболевания, включая множественный склероз, болезнь Альцгеймера, болезнь Паркинсона, болезнь Хантингтона и шизофрению, вызваны сложными патологическими процессами, в том числе эксцитотоксичностью, нейроинфламмацией, окислительным стрессом, генетическими мутациями и скомпрометированным нейротрофическим сигналом. Несмотря на то, что в настоящее время лекарственные препараты устраняют симптомы, их долгосрочная эффективность ограничена из-за неблагоприятных побочных эффектов и слабых нейроз

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… The Magnolia officinalis lignin components honokiol and magnolol significantly reduce ROS production, diminish intracellular calcium levels, and suppress caspase 3 to prevent Aβ-induced neuronal cell death. … They also trigger PC12 cells’ NGF-mediated differentiation [ 193 , 194 ]. 4- O -methylhonokiol, a new lignin compound, enhances ERK1/2-mediated neurite outgrowth in rat embryonic neural cells by stimulating NGF and BDNF secretion [ 195 ]. …