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Lecythophora hoffmannii isolated from a case of canine osteomyelitis in Japan.

A 2-year-old spayed female mongrel dog showed claudication with abnormal ossification containing fungal cells detected by biopsy. The dog was treated with ketoconazole and itraconazole perorally for 5 months; however, the osteomyelitis became aggravated, and an amputation from the scapula was performed. The right superficial cervical lymph node became swollen 5 months after the operation. The lymph node contained PAS positive fungal elements and a portion of tissue produced mycelial fungal growth on potato dextrose agar supplemented with chloramphenicol. The culture was identified as Lecythoph

Transcriptional response of a novel HpCDPK1 kinase gene from Hippeastrum x hybr. to wounding and fungal infection.

Calcium dependent protein kinases (CDPK) are well established plant sensor and effectors for calcium ions and participate in regulation of multiple abiotic and biotic stress responses in plant cells. Here we present the identification and characterization of a new CDPK kinase gene from bulbous plant Hippeastrum x hybr. and examine the role of this kinase in stress responses leading to phytoalexin (PA) production in plant tissues. In the previous research, it was shown that Hippeastrum bulbs mechanically wounded or infected with Peyronellaea curtisii (=Phoma narcissi) are inducted to an antifun

Roussoella percutanea, a novel opportunistic pathogen causing subcutaneous mycoses.

We report the isolation of a novel agent of subcutaneous mycosis from a 45-year-old Indian male immigrant in the United States. Phylogenetic analysis of partial small ribosomal subunit and large ribosomal subunit, internal transcribed spacer, partial translation elongation factor (TEF1), and RNA polymerase second largest subunit (rPB2) loci revealed that the strain was identical to another isolate previously reported as "Madurella mycetomatis." Both strains clustered in the order Pleosporales, nested in the family Arthopyreniaceae/Roussoellaceae. The fungus differed from known species and henc

Regulation of basal resistance by a powdery mildew-induced cysteine-rich receptor-like protein kinase in barley.

The receptor-like protein kinases (RLKs) constitute a large and diverse group of proteins controlling numerous plant physiological processes, including development, hormone perception and stress responses. The cysteine-rich RLKs (CRKs) represent a prominent subfamily of transmembrane-anchored RLKs. We have identified a putative barley (Hordeum vulgare) CRK gene family member, designated HvCRK1. The mature putative protein comprises 645 amino acids, and includes a putative receptor domain containing two characteristic 'domain 26 of unknown function' (duf26) domains in the N-terminal region, fol

Quinone derivatives isolated from the endolichenic fungus Phialocephala fortinii are Mdr1 modulators that combat azole resistance in Candida albicans.

One of the main azole-resistance mechanisms in Candida pathogens is the upregulation of drug efflux pumps, which compromises the efficacy of azoles and results in treatment failure. The combination of azole-antifungal agents with efflux pump inhibitors represents a promising strategy to combat fungal infection. High-throughput screening of 150 extracts obtained from endolichenic fungal cultures led to the discovery that the extract of Phialocephala fortinii exhibits potent activity for the reversal of azole resistance. From P. fortinii cultures, a total of 15 quinone derivatives, comprising 11

BR-SIGNALING KINASE1 physically associates with FLAGELLIN SENSING2 and regulates plant innate immunity in Arabidopsis.

Pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP)-trigged immunity (PTI) is the first defensive line of plant innate immunity and is mediated by pattern recognition receptors. Here, we show that a mutation in BR-SIGNALING KINASE1 (BSK1), a substrate of the brassinosteroid (BR) receptor BRASSINOSTEROID INSENSITIVE1, suppressed the powdery mildew resistance caused by a mutation in ENHANCED DISEASE RESISTANCE2, which negatively regulates powdery mildew resistance and programmed cell death, in Arabidopsis thaliana. A loss-of-function bsk1 mutant displayed enhanced susceptibility to virulent and avirule

Влияние ПГПР на структуру микробиологической сообщества ризосферы и урожайность солончаковых зерновых культур.

Растворяющиеся в почве бактерии, способствующие росту растений (PGPR), могут защищать растения от почвенных заболеваний и абиотических стрессовых условий. Основная цель данного исследования заключалась в оценке влияния различных PGPR (TF1, TF2, TF3 и TF4) на микробную сообщество ризосферы зерна для корма в солончаково-щелочной поле с использованием высокопроизводительной технологии последовательного секвенирования Illumina MiSeq. Результаты показали, что различные PGPRs значительно увеличили плотность уборки (на 21,31–45,16%), высоту растения (на 9,12–19,98%), диаметр стебля (на 30,07–45,78%)

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… For fungi, the results indicated that the dominant fungal phyla in saline–alkaline soils were Ascomycota, Basidiomycota, unclassified phyla, Chytridiomycota, and Mortierellomycota, and their relative abundances ranged from 70.51% to 83.89%, 6.79% to 11.47%, 2.05% to 18.05%, 2.17% to 3.46%, and 1.53% … A Kruskal–Wallis analysis indicated the relative abundances of Ascomycota, Chytridiomycota, and Mortierellomycota showed a downward trend, while that for Basidiomycota increased in the four microbial agent treatments. …

An outbreak of fungal endophthalmitis after intravitreal injection of compounded combined bevacizumab and triamcinolone.

IMPORTANCE: Our experience may be useful to other practitioners using compounded intravitreal agents, those suspecting infectious outbreaks, and those managing fungal endophthalmitis. OBJECTIVE: To describe a series of patients with fungal endophthalmitis following intravitreal injection of combined bevacizumab and triamcinolone acetonide prepared by the same compounding pharmacy. DESIGN AND SETTING: Noncomparative case series. PARTICIPANTS: Eight eyes of 8 patients who received an intravitreal injection of compounded combined bevacizumab-triamcinolone in a period of 3 weeks had subtle, non

VpWRKY3, a biotic and abiotic stress-related transcription factor from the Chinese wild Vitis pseudoreticulata.

Chinese wild grapevine Vitis pseudoreticulata accession 'Baihe-35-1' is identified as the precious resource with multiple resistances to pathogens. A directional cDNA library was constructed from the young leaves inoculated with Erysiphe necator. A total of 3,500 clones were sequenced, yielding 1,727 unigenes. Among them, 762 unigenes were annotated and classified into three classes, respectively, using Gene Ontology, including 22 ESTs related to transcription regulator activity. A novel WRKY transcription factor was isolated from the library, and designated as VpWRKY3 (GenBank Accession No. J

Bipolaris hawaiiensis as etiologic agent of allergic bronchopulmonary mycosis: first case in a paediatric patient.

Allergic bronchopulmonary mycosis (ABPM) is a worldwide hypersensitivity lung disease of multiple etiologies with Aspergillus fumigatus as the most common etiologic agent. We report the first instance of Bipolaris hawaiiensis causing ABPM in a paediatric patient. A six-year-old girl presented in June 2009 with productive cough, exertional dyspnoea, occasional wheezing, restricted air entry in left infra-scapular and infra-axillary areas, 7% eosinophils (absolute count 540/mm(3)) and total IgE 1051.3 IU/m in the sera. Bronchoscopy revealed narrowing of left main bronchus and mucoid impaction of

A cysteine-rich antimicrobial peptide from Pinus monticola (PmAMP1) confers resistance to multiple fungal pathogens in canola (Brassica napus).

Canola (Brassica napus), an agriculturally important oilseed crop, can be significantly affected by diseases such as sclerotinia stem rot, blackleg, and alternaria black spot resulting in significant loss of crop productivity and quality. Cysteine-rich antimicrobial peptides isolated from plants have emerged as a potential resource for protection of plants against phytopathogens. Here we report the significance of an antimicrobial peptide, PmAMP1, isolated from western white pine (Pinus monticola), in providing canola with resistance against multiple phytopathogenic fungi. The cDNA encoding Pm

A core functional region of the RFP1 promoter from Chinese wild grapevine is activated by powdery mildew pathogen and heat stress.

RING-finger proteins (RFP) function as ubiquitin ligases and play key roles in plant responses to biotic and abiotic stresses. However, little information is available on the regulation of RFP expression. Here, we isolate and characterize the RFP promoter sequence from the disease-resistant Chinese wild grape Vitis pseudoreticulata accession Baihe-35-1. Promoter-GUS fusion assays revealed that defense signaling molecules, powdery mildew infection, and heat stress induce VpRFP1 promoter activity. By contrast, the RFP1 promoter isolated from Vitis vinifera was only slightly induced by pathogen i

Microorganisms Associated with the Marine Sponge Scopalina hapalia: A Reservoir of Bioactive Molecules to Slow Down the Aging Process.

Aging research aims at developing therapies that delay normal aging processes and some related pathologies. Recently, many compounds and extracts from natural products have been shown to slow aging and/or extend lifespan. Marine sponges and their associated microorganisms have been found to produce a wide variety of bioactive secondary metabolites; however, those from the Southwest of the Indian Ocean are much less studied, especially regarding anti-aging activities. In this study, the microbial diversity of the marine sponge Scopalina hapalia was investigated by metagenomic analysis. Twenty-s

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… In total, 2128 (4.59%) reads of fungi were obtained and classified into three different phyla: Ascomycota (4.29%—8 different OTUs), Basidiomycota (0.15%—7 different OTUs) and other (0.15%—7 different OTUs). … Ascomycota and Basidiomycota divisions are widely distributed in marine sponges with Ascomycota being the dominant one [ 59 ]. Members of Sordariomycetes, Malasseziomycetes and Agaricomycetes were previously reported from specimens of Scopalina collected in Australia [ 59 ]. …

Insect pathogens as biological control agents: Back to the future.

The development and use of entomopathogens as classical, conservation and augmentative biological control agents have included a number of s … orphs (asexual forms) and teleomorphs (sexual forms) of several entomopathogenic taxa in the Phylum Ascomycota. Although these fungi have been traditionally regarded exclusively as pathogens of arthropods, recent studies have demonstrated that they occupy a great diversity of ecological niches. Entomopathogenic fungi are now known to be plant endophytes, pla …

Alpha-momorcharin, a RIP produced by bitter melon, enhances defense response in tobacco plants against diverse plant viruses and shows antifungal activity in vitro.

Alpha-momorcharin (α-MMC) is type-1 ribosome inactivating proteins (RIPs) with molecular weight of 29 kDa and has lots of biological activity. Our recent study indicated that the α-MMC purified from seeds of Momordica charantia exhibited distinct antiviral and antifungal activity. Tobacco plants pre-treated with 0.5 mg/mL α-MMC 3 days before inoculation with various viruses showed less-severe symptom and less reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation compared to that inoculated with viruses only. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis revealed that the replication levels of viruses were lower in

Antidiabetic activity of perylenequinonoid-rich extract from Shiraia bambusicola in KK-Ay mice with spontaneous type 2 diabetes mellitus.

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Bitter and cold traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) have been long used to treat diabetes mellitus (DM) based on unique medical theory system since ancient China. As one of bitter and cold TCMs, the stromatas of Shiraia bambusicola have been used for the treatment of DM and exerted clinical effects to a certain extent. However, the corresponding active principles and antidiabetic mechanism of the TCM still remain unknown. Therefore, the aim of the present investigation was to evaluate the potential antidiabetic effect of the active Shiraia bambusicola EtOAc ext

The Impact of Human Microbiotas in Hematopoietic Stem Cell and Organ Transplantation.

The human microbiota heavily influences most vital aspects of human physiology including organ transplantation outcomes and transplant rejection risk. A variety of organ transplantation scenarios such as lung and heart transplantation as well as hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is heavily influenced by the human microbiotas. The human microbiota refers to a rich, diverse, and complex ecosystem of bacteria, fungi, archaea, helminths, protozoans, parasites, and viruses. Research accumulating over the past decade has established the existence of complex cross-species, cross-kingdom interac

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… No notable changes in the gut mycobiome were observed up to a month following transplantation, and the dominating phylum was Ascomycota . … Three months post-transplant, alongside the members of phylum Ascomycota , the members of phylum Basidiomycota were also observed, although Ascomycota was still dominant. Out of the ten children enrolled in the study, three presented with GVHD. …

A Preclinical Evaluation of the Antitumor Activities of Edible and Medicinal Mushrooms: A Molecular Insight.

Cancer is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality around the globe. For certain types of cancer, chemotherapy drugs have been extensively used for treatment. However, severe side effects and the development of resistance are the drawbacks of these agents. Therefore, development of new agents with no or minimal side effects is of utmost importance. In this regard, natural compounds are well recognized as drugs in several human ailments, including cancer. One class of fungi, "mushrooms," contains numerous compounds that exhibit interesting biological activities, including antitumor activity

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… In this review, we have given evidence that the compounds of mushroom (Basidiomycota, Ascomycota) origin have antitumor and antimetastatic activity in in vitro and in vivo models, with a particular focus on the signaling pathways they target. …

Антимикробный спектр деятельности и механизм действий линейных альфа-гелипических Пептидов, вдохновляемых креветочными антилиполисахаридами.

Креветочные антилипополизакхаридные факторы (АФО) образуют многофункциональное и разнообразное семейство противомикробных защитных пептидов (АМП), состоящих из seven Члены (группы А-G), которые различаются по своей первичной структуре и биохимическим свойствам. Это амфипатические пептиды с two Сохраненные остатки цистейна стабилизируют центральный β-волокн, который, как считается, является основным районом их биологической деятельности. В этом исследовании мы синтезировали three Линейные (без цистейна) пептиды, основанные на аминокислотной последовательности центральных β-волокн недавно иденти

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… Antifungal Assays The antifungal activity of the synthetic ALF-derived peptides was assayed against reference and environmental strains of filamentous fungi and yeasts (phyla Ascomycota, Basidiomycota, and Mucoromycota). …

Микробиота человека в области здравоохранения и отдельные раковые заболевания.

Большинство эпителиальных поверхностей нашего тела, пищеварительный тракт, дыхательные и врожденные системы, колонизируются большим количеством бактерий, археи, грибов, протозоанов и вирусов. Эти микробиота, особенно кишки, играют важную и полезную роль в пищеварении, метаболизме и синтезе витаминов. Их метаболиты стимулируют производство цитокина человеком, которое используется против потенциальных патогенов. На состав микробиоты влияет ряд внутренних и внешних факторов, включая питание, возраст, болезни и образ жизни. Такие изменения, называемые дисбиозом, могут быть связаны с развитием разл

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… In addition, the oral cavity is known to contain fungi belonging to the phylum Ascomycota, such as Candida spp., Fusarium spp., as well as various species of Saccharomycetaceae , such as Candida albicans , C. dubliniensis , C. rugose and C. pararugosa , as well as Saccharomyces cerevisiae …