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A Recent Review on Cancer Nanomedicine.

Cancer is one of the most prevalent diseases globally and is the second major cause of death in the United States. Despite the continuous efforts to understand tumor mechanisms and various approaches taken for treatment over decades, no significant improvements have been observed in cancer therapy. Lack of tumor specificity, dose-related toxicity, low bioavailability, and lack of stability of chemotherapeutics are major hindrances to cancer treatment. Nanomedicine has drawn the attention of many researchers due to its potential for tumor-specific delivery while minimizing unwanted side effects

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… FeNPs coated with gallic and polyacrylic acids have shown cytotoxic effects against U87MG and U373MG human glioblastoma cell lines, HT1080 human fibrosarcoma cell line, IMR32 human neuroblastoma cell line, and HT22 mouse hippocampal neuronal cell line [ 89 ]. …

COVID-19 signalome: Pathways for SARS-CoV-2 infection and impact on COVID-19 associated comorbidity.

The COVID-19 pandemic has been the focus of research the past two years. The major breakthrough was made by discovering pathways related to SARS-CoV-2 infection through cellular interaction by angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE2) and cytokine storm. The presence of ACE2 in lungs, intestines, cardiovascular tissues, brain, kidneys, liver, and eyes shows that SARS-CoV-2 may have targeted these organs to further activate intracellular signalling pathways that lead to cytokine release syndrome. It has also been reported that SARS-CoV-2 can hijack coatomer protein-I (COPI) for S protein retrograde

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… SARS-CoV-2 survival pathways The Rapidly Accelerated Fibrosarcoma / Mitogen-activated protein kinase / Extracellular signal-regulated kinase (Raf/MEK/ERK) signaling pathway is one of the most well-known signal transduction pathways [ 31 ]. …

Physiological Role and Use of Thyroid Hormone Metabolites - Potential Utility in COVID-19 Patients.

Thyroxine and triiodothyronine (T3) are classical thyroid hormones and with relatively well-understood actions. In contrast, the physiological role of thyroid hormone metabolites, also circulating in the blood, is less well characterized. These molecules, namely, reverse triiodothyronine, 3,5-diiodothyronine, 3-iodothyronamine, tetraiodoacetic acid and triiodoacetic acid, mediate both agonistic (thyromimetic) and antagonistic actions additional to the effects of the classical thyroid hormones. Here, we provide an overview of the main factors influencing thyroid hormone action, and then go on t

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… Combination Treatment With Arsenic Trioxide and Irradiation Enhances Cell-Killing Effects in Human Fibrosarcoma Cells in Vitro and in Vivo Through Induction of Both Autophagy and Apoptosis. Autophagy (2010) 6:353–65. 10.4161/auto.6.3.11229 67. Elbers LPB, Fliers E, Cannegieter SC. …

The TNF-α/TNFR2 Pathway: Targeting a Brake to Release the Anti-tumor Immune Response.

Newly discovered anti-cancer immunotherapies, such as immune checkpoint inhibitors and chimeric antigen receptor T cells, focus on spurring the anti-tumor effector T cell (Teff) response. Although such strategies have already demonstrated a sustained beneficial effect in certain malignancies, a substantial proportion of treated patients does not respond. CD4+FOXP3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs), a suppressive subset of T cells, can impair anti-tumor responses and reduce the efficacy of currently available immunotherapies. An alternative view that has emerged over the last decade proposes to tackl

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… syndrome | • High expression of TNFR2 on Tregs and cancer cells • TNFR2 antagonist killed tumor cells, restored the CD26 – subpopulation, and reduced the number of Tregs and ratio of Tregs/Teff | Torrey et al., 2018 Concerning TNFR2 + myeloid cells, the presence of MDSCs has been noted in plasmacytoma, fibrosarcoma …

Blood Vessels and Peripheral Nerves as Key Players in Cancer Progression and Therapy Resistance.

Cancer cells continuously interact with the tumor microenvironment (TME), a heterogeneous milieu that surrounds the tumor mass and impinges on its phenotype. Among the components of the TME, blood vessels and peripheral nerves have been extensively studied in recent years for their prominent role in tumor development from tumor initiation. Cancer cells were shown to actively promote their own vascularization and innervation through the processes of angiogenesis and axonogenesis. Indeed, sprouting vessels and axons deliver several factors needed by cancer cells to survive and proliferate, inclu

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… One of the first works that correlated the MVD with the spreading of fibrosarcoma metastatic cells in vivo was performed by Saidel and colleagues in the 1970s. …

Googling the Guggul (Commiphora and Boswellia) for Prevention of Chronic Diseases.

Extensive research during last 2 decades has revealed that most drugs discovered today, although costs billions of dollars for discovery, and yet they are highly ineffective in their clinical response. For instance, the European Medicines Agency has approved 68 anti-cancer drugs, and out of which 39 has reached the market level with no indication of increased survival nor betterment of quality of life. Even when drugs did improve survival rate compared to available treatment strategies, most of these were found to be clinically insignificant. This is a fundamental problem with modern drug disc

Thirty years from FDA approval of pegylated liposomal doxorubicin (Doxil/Caelyx): an updated analysis and future perspective.

In 2025, it will be 30 years since the initial clinical approval of pegylated liposomal doxorubicin (PLD) by the Food and Drug Administration. PLD predated the field of nanomedicine and became a model nanomedicine setting key pharmacological principles (prolonged circulation, slow drug release and the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect) for clinical application of other nano-drugs in cancer therapy. The impressive reduction of cardiotoxicity conferred by PLD is the most valuable clinical asset. While PLD has gained a strong foothold in relapsed ovarian cancer and metastatic breas

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… Comparative effects of free doxorubicin, liposome encapsulated doxorubicin and liposome co-encapsulated alendronate and doxorubicin (PLAD) on the tumor immunologic milieu in a mouse fibrosarcoma model. Nanotheranostics. 2022;6:451–64. doi: 10.7150/ntno.75045. 114. …

Gastrointestinal Cancer Therapeutics via Triggering Unfolded Protein Response and Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress by 2-Arylbenzofuran.

Gastrointestinal cancers are a major global health challenge, with high mortality rates. This study investigated the anti-cancer activities of 30 monomers extracted from Morus alba L. (mulberry) against gastrointestinal cancers. Toxicological assessments revealed that most of the compounds, particularly immunotoxicity, exhibit some level of toxicity, but it is generally not life-threatening under normal conditions. Among these components, Sanggenol L, Sanggenon C, Kuwanon H, 3'-Geranyl-3-prenyl-5,7,2',4'-tetrahydroxyflavone, Morusinol, Mulberrin, Moracin P, Kuwanon E, and Kuwanon A demonstrate

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… 44 O 11 | 760.8 | Flavonoids | Root/bark/leaf | Melanoma [ 40 ] 8 | Beta-Sitosterol | 83-46-5 | C 29 H 50 O | 414.7 | Sterols | Root/bark/leaf/mulberry | Against liver, cervical, colorectal, stomach, breast, lung, pancreatic, and prostate cancer, as well as leukemia, multiple myeloma, melanoma, and fibrosarcoma …

A Review of Recent Curcumin Analogues and Their Antioxidant, Anti-Inflammatory, and Anticancer Activities.

Curcumin, as the main active component of turmeric (Curcuma longa), has been demonstrated with various bioactivities. However, its potential therapeutic applications are hindered by challenges such as poor solubility and bioavailability, rapid metabolism, and pan-assay interference properties. Recent advancements have aimed to overcome these limitations by developing novel curcumin analogues and modifications. This brief review critically assesses recent studies on synthesising different curcumin analogues, including metal complexes, nano particulates, and other curcumin derivatives, focused o

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… . | [ 74 ] Heterocyclic curcumin analog CBA-iR: BAT3 | NF-KB | Murine fibrosarcoma cells: L929A | [ 74 ] EF-31, EF-24 | NF-KB | Mouse RAW 264.7 macrophage cells A human ovarian carcinoma cell line: A2780 A mouse mammary carcinoma cell line: EMT6 | [ 74 ] Symmetrical curcumin analogues CBA-iR: 2 | NF-KB …

Mechanisms of bone pain: Progress in research from bench to bedside.

The field of research on pain originating from various bone diseases is expanding rapidly, with new mechanisms and targets asserting both peripheral and central sites of action. The scope of research is broadening from bone biology to neuroscience, neuroendocrinology, and immunology. In particular, the roles of primary sensory neurons and non-neuronal cells in the peripheral tissues as important targets for bone pain treatment are under extensive investigation in both pre-clinical and clinical settings. An understanding of the peripheral mechanisms underlying pain conditions associated with va

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… Taking CIBP for an example, nearly 40 different models have been described by using injections of different types of cancer cells (e.g., NCTC 2472 fibrosarcoma, Walker 256 carcinoma, MRMT-1 mammary gland carcinoma) into the tibia or femur bone 85 , 87 , 88 , 183 . …

Personal Medicine and Bone Metastases: Biomarkers, Micro-RNAs and Bone Metastases.

Bone metastasis is a major cause of morbidity within solid tumours of the breast, prostate, lung and kidney. Metastasis to the skeleton is associated with a wide range of complications including bone fractures, spinal cord compression, hypercalcaemia and increased bone pain. Improved treatments for bone metastasis, such as the use of anti-bone resorptive bisphosphonate agents, within post-menopausal women have improved disease-free survival; however, these treatments are not without side effects. There is thus a need for biomarkers, which will predict the risk of developing the spread to bone

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… Sequencing of the 16q32 region identified the v-maf avian musculoaponeurotic fibrosarcoma (MAF) oncogene homolog within this region. …

Past, Present, and a Glance into the Future of Multiple Myeloma Treatment.

Multiple myeloma (MM) is a challenging hematological cancer which typically grows in bone marrow. MM accounts for 10% of hematological malignancies and 1.8% of cancers. The recent treatment strategies have significantly improved progression-free survival for MM patients in the last decade; however, a relapse for most MM patients is inevitable. In this review we discuss current treatment, important pathways for proliferation, survival, immune suppression, and resistance that could be targeted for future treatments.

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… Ras: rat sarcoma; Raf: rapidly accelerated fibrosarcoma; MEK: mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase. Created by Biorender.com. The BMM contains several specialized cells that are responsible for skeletal integrity, immunity, and blood formation [ 13 , 14 ] ( Figure 2 ). …

Hyaluronic Acid as a Modern Approach in Anticancer Therapy-Review.

Hyaluronic acid (HA) is a linear polysaccharide and crucial component of the extracellular matrix (ECM), maintaining tissue hydration and tension. Moreover, HA contributes to embryonic development, healing, inflammation, and cancerogenesis. This review summarizes new research on the metabolism and interactions of HA with its binding proteins, known as hyaladherins (CD44, RHAMM), revealing the molecular basis for its distinct biological function in the development of cancer. The presence of HA on the surface of tumor cells is a sign of an adverse prognosis. The involvement of HA in malignancy h

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… BFGF Induces Changes in Hyaluronan Synthase and Hyaluronidase Isoform Expression and Modulates the Migration Capacity of Fibrosarcoma Cells Biochim. Biophys. Acta 2009 1790 1258 1265 10.1016/j.bbagen.2009.06.013 19577615 48. Mueller B.M. Schraufstatter I.U. Goncharova V. Povaliy T. DiScipio R. …

Свойства антиракера ВИЧ-ингибатора Нелфинавира.

Традиционные методы лечения рака могут потерять свою эффективность после появления новых мутации или развития химиотерапии. Несвоевременная диагностика, высокая стоимость лечения и потребность в высокоэффективной инфраструктуре для лечения раковых заболеваний затрудняют доступ к надлежащему лечению в условиях с низким уровнем доходов и ограниченными ресурсами. Переориентация утвержденных лекарственных средств на лечение рака может привести к снижению стоимости и сокращению сроков разработки новых лекарственных средств и к ускорению появления новых и эффективных вариантов лечения для нуждающихс

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… Chow et al. demonstrated that nelfinavir caused accumulation of liposarcoma and fibrosarcoma cells in the G1 phase of the cell cycle, which was associated with increased expression of cell cycle inhibitor p21, and decreased level of PCNA [ 24 ]. …

The Use of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Oncology and the Occurrence of AKI: Where Do We Stand?

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are a novel class of immunotherapy drugs that have improved the treatment of a broad spectrum of cancers as metastatic melanoma, non-small lung cancer or renal cell carcinoma. These humanized monoclonal antibodies target inhibitory receptors (e.g. CTLA-4, PD-1, LAG-3, TIM-3) and ligands (PD-L1) expressed on T lymphocytes, antigen presenting cells and tumor cells and elicit an anti-tumor response by stimulating immune system. Nevertheless, the improved overall survival is complicated by the manifestation of Immune-related Adverse Effects (irAEs). During treat

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… The hypothesis that CTLA-4 blockade could improve anti-tumor immune response was confirmed by Allison JP et al. in transplantable murine colon carcinoma, and fibrosarcoma, models ( 14 ). …

2018 ACVIM Forum Research Report Program. Seattle, Washington, June 14 - 16, 2018.

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… Patients enrolled in the study had the following tumor types: mast cell tumor (1 canine), thyroid carcinoma (1 canine), high grade soft tissue sarcoma (3 canines), lymphoma (8 canines/ 2 felines), fibrosarcoma (1 canine), osteosarcoma (2 canines), injection site sarcoma (1 feline), oral melanoma (2 canines …

Paraneoplastic Endocrine Changes in Gastrointestinal Tumors: A Clinical and Mechanistic Review.

Paraneoplastic endocrine syndromes (PESs) are hormonal disturbances associated with malignancies that result from tumor-related production of hormone-like substances, immune-mediated mechanisms, or dysregulated signaling pathways. While they are well recognized in lung and neuroendocrine cancers, their relevance in gastrointestinal tumors remains less clearly defined. This narrative review synthesizes current knowledge on paraneoplastic endocrine manifestations in gastrointestinal malignancies, based on a structured search of the literature in major databases, including PubMed, Scopus, and Web

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… Key findings directly relevant to GI oncology: fibrous tissue tumors (fibroma, fibrosarcoma) were the most common overall (n = 123, 52.8%); gastrointestinal tumors were the second most common category; and hepatocellular carcinoma represented the most frequently implicated epithelial GI malignancy. …

Nature-Inspired Strategies in Cancer Management: The Potential of Plant Extracts in Modulating Tumour Biology.

Cancer is a serious group of diseases that is a huge problem on a global scale and is the second most common cause of death. Commonly used therapies do not always lead to the complete elimination of diseased cells or tissues and are also burdened with side effects that reduce the quality of life of patients. Due to these difficulties, new therapeutic approaches are still being sought. In recent years, there has been a return to interest in natural methods of treating various diseases, among which phytochemicals are particularly interesting. This article reviews plant extracts with anticancer p

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… epithelial cervical cancer cell line derived from Henrietta Lacks HT-29 | human colorectal adenocarcinoma cells HepG2 | human hepatocellular carcinoma cells EGCG | epigallocatechin gallate CDKs | cyclin-dependent kinases EGFR | epidermal growth factor receptor; kinase inhibitor BRAF | B-rapidly accelerated fibrosarcoma …

Obesity, the Adipose Organ and Cancer in Humans: Association or Causation?

Epidemiological observations, experimental studies and clinical data show that obesity is associated with a higher risk of developing different types of cancer; however, proof of a cause-effect relationship that meets the causality criteria is still lacking. Several data suggest that the adipose organ could be the protagonist in this crosstalk. In particular, the adipose tissue (AT) alterations occurring in obesity parallel some tumour behaviours, such as their theoretically unlimited expandability, infiltration capacity, angiogenesis regulation, local and systemic inflammation and changes to

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… phosphatase and tensin homolog; IL-6: interleukin 6; INF-γ: interferon γ; TNF-α: tumour necrosis factor α; JAK: Janus kinase; STAT: signal transducer and activator of transcription; IKK: IκB kinase; (NF)-κB: nuclear factor κB; mTOR: mammalian target of rapamycin; Ras: rat sarcoma; Raf: rapidly accelerated fibrosarcoma …

Ferroptosis in Haematological Malignancies and Associated Therapeutic Nanotechnologies.

Haematological malignancies are heterogeneous groups of cancers of the bone marrow, blood or lymph nodes, and while therapeutic advances have greatly improved the lifespan and quality of life of those afflicted, many of these cancers remain incurable. The iron-dependent, lipid oxidation-mediated form of cell death, ferroptosis, has emerged as a promising pathway to induce cancer cell death, particularly in those malignancies that are resistant to traditional apoptosis-inducing therapies. Although promising findings have been published in several solid and haematological malignancies, the major

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… Conversely, the addition of the MUFAs, oleic acid or palmitoleic acid protected the cells from ferroptosis, which is consistent with earlier reports demonstrating that addition of oleic acid to ferroptosis-sensitive BJeLR (human skin tissue), HT-1080 (fibrosarcoma) and G-401 (rhabdoid kidney tumour) …