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The challenges and outcomes of living donor kidney transplantation in pediatric and adolescent age group in a developing country: A critical analysis from a single center of north India.

INTRODUCTION: Renal transplantation is the treatment of choice for children with end-stage renal disease (ESRD). We evaluated the outcome of renal transplantation in the pediatric and adolescent age groups in the perspective of a developing country as compared with developed nations while highlighting the challenges we have faced in a pediatric transplant programme. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Seventy live related pediatric and adolescent renal transplantations were reviewed retrospectively. Variables analyzed were etiology of ESRD, pre-transplant renal replacement modality, donor relationship, su

Congenital malformations of pediatric surgical interest: prevalence, risk factors, and prenatal diagnosis between 2005 and 2012 in the capital city of a developing country. Bogotá, Colombia.

BACKGROUND: Congenital anomalies (CAs) cause nearly one third of infant deaths worldwide. Various surveillance systems have been established, such as the Bogota Congenital Malformations Surveillance Program (BCMSP). Some CAs are of special interest to pediatric surgeons: omphalocele, gastroschisis, intestinal and esophageal atresia, anorectal malformations, vascular anomalies, diaphragmatic hernias, hypospadias and cryptorchidism. The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence of such CAs, and identify possible risk factors. METHODS: Data from the BCMSP were collected between January 20

Tracking the impact of maternal health service coverage on maternal mortality across 137 low- and middle-income countries in the progress toward Sustainable Development Goals.

BACKGROUND: Achieving Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 3, particularly targets 3.1 (reducing the global maternal mortality ratio (MMR) to less than 70 per 100,000 live births) and 3.8 (universal health coverage), requires sustained reductions in maternal mortality and equitable access to essential maternal health services (MHS). Despite global progress, large disparities persist. Low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) account for more than 90% of maternal deaths worldwide, largely reflecting gaps in access to essential MHS. However, multi-country evidence examining how improvements in MHS

Pooled incidence and predictors of infant mortality in low- and middle-income countries using gamma shared frailty model: Insights for achieving the Sustainable Development Goals.

BACKGROUND: Low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) account for a large share of global infant deaths, but there is a lack of evidence on the pooled estimate of infant mortality and its predictors in LMICs. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the pooled incidence of infant mortality and its associated factors in LMICs. METHODS: We used clustered data extracted from the recent Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS 2018-DHS 2024) of all LMICs. A total of 1,404,826weighted numbers of recent live births were included in the study. A lognormal shared gamma frailty model was employed. We used the

Uncovering women's healthcare access challenges in low- and middle-income countries using mixed effects modelling approach: Insights for achieving the Sustainable Development Goals.

BACKGROUND: Access to healthcare services for women in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) is crucial for maternal and child health and achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). However, women in LMICs face barriers to accessing healthcare, leading to poor health outcomes. This study used Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) data from 61 LMICs between 2010-2023 to identify women's healthcare access challenges. METHODS: This study used data from the DHS conducted in 61 LMICs to identify women's healthcare access challenges from 2010 to 2023. A weighted sample of 1,722,473 women w

Prevalence and Determinants of Stunting-Anemia and Wasting-Anemia Comorbidities and Micronutrient Deficiencies in Children Under 5 in the Least-Developed Countries: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

CONTEXT: Despite shifting from addressing isolated forms of malnutrition to recognizing its multifaceted nature, evidence on the prevalence and determinants of micronutrient deficiencies, and their coexistence with undernutrition in children under 5, remains insufficient, unsystematic, and incohesive. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to assess the prevalence and determinants of stunting-anemia and wasting-anemia comorbidities and micronutrient deficiencies in children under 5 in the least-developed countries (LDCs). DATA SOURCES: Electronic searches took pla

Spectrum and antibiotic resistance in community- and hospital-acquired urinary tract infections among adults: Experience from a large tertiary care center in a developing country.

BACKGROUND: It is important to note that the causative agents and patterns of antibiotic resistance vary between urinary tract infections (UTIs) acquired in the community and those acquired in a hospital setting. Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare the types of organisms and patterns of antibiotic resistance in adult patients with community-acquired urinary tract infections (CA-UTIs) and hospital-acquired urinary tract infections (HA-UTIs). METHODS: Retrospectively, we collected urine samples from patients at An-Najah National University Hospital who experienced nonrecurring urina

Prognostic Factors and Outcome of Surgically Treated Supratentorial versus Infratentorial Epidural Hematoma in Pediatrics: A Comparative Study of 350 Patients at a Tertiary Center of a Developing Country.

PURPOSE: In children, epidural hematomas (EDHs) constitute around 2% to 3% of all head traumas. The aim of this study is to compare the manifestation, prognostic factors, and outcome of surgically treated supratentorial with infratentorial EDHs in pediatric patients. METHODS: This is a hospital-based single-center, retrospective study of 350 pediatric patients admitted between January 2016 and December 2021. All pediatric patients to 18 years of age with posttraumatic EDHs with or without other intracranial/extracranial injuries who underwent surgical evacuation were included in the study. Po

Stakeholder perspectives and requirements to guide the development of digital technology for palliative cancer services: a multi-country, cross-sectional, qualitative study in Nigeria, Uganda and Zimbabwe.

IntroductionCoverage of palliative care in low and middle-income countries is very limited, and global projections suggest large increases in need. Novel approaches are needed to achieve the palliative care goals of Universal Health Coverage. This study aimed to identify stakeholders' data and information needs and the role of digital technologies to improve access to and delivery of palliative care for people with advanced cancer in Nigeria, Uganda and Zimbabwe.MethodsWe conducted a multi-country cross-sectional qualitative study in sub-Saharan Africa. In-depth qualitative stakeholder intervi

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… The impact of Mobile health interventions on chronic disease outcomes in developing countries: a systematic review. Telemed J E Health. 2014;20(1):75–82. 20. Bates M. … Evidence on feasibility and effective use of mHealth strategies by frontline health workers in developing countries: systematic review. Tropical Med Int Health. 2015;20(8):1003–1014. doi: 10.1111/tmi.12525. 44. Maar MA, Yeates K, Perkins N, Boesch L, Hua-Stewart D, Liu P, et al. …

Prospective survey to study factors which could influence same-day discharge after elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy in a tertiary care hospital of a developing country.

All laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) patients in our hospital setting are admitted overnight. This article assesses the contribution of factors like postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV), postoperative pain and surgical complications to overnight stay after elective LC. This 1-year observational study included patients having normal liver functions undergoing elective LC before 1400 h. The collected data included patient demographics, co-morbidities, PONV, pain scores, complications, surgical time, anesthesia technique, use of prophylactic antiemetics, analgesics, patient satisfaction and

Eight years experience from a skeletal dysplasia referral center in a tertiary hospital in Southern India: a model for the diagnosis and treatment of rare diseases in a developing country.

We report on a series of 514 consecutive diagnoses of skeletal dysplasia made over an 8-year period at a tertiary hospital in Kerala, India. … personnel and expert diagnostic networks may be a proficient model to bring current diagnostics to developing countries.

Might infection explain the higher risk of coronary heart disease in South Asians? Systematic review comparing prevalence rates with white populations in developed countries.

OBJECTIVES: South Asians in developed countries such as the UK are at comparatively high risk of coronary heart disease for reasons which are not fully understood. One unexplored hypothesis is more infections in this ethnic group. This study assessed whether the prevalence of infections among South Asians differs from that among White populations of European origin in developed countries. STUDY DESIGN: Systematic review. METHODS: Medline, Web of Science and Google Scholar databases were searched. In addition, reference lists and citations were reviewed. RESULTS: Twenty-one studies reported

Maternal nutrition among women from Sub-Saharan Africa, with a focus on Nigeria, and potential implications for pregnancy outcomes among immigrant populations in developed countries.

Pregnant women in countries of Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) are at risk of poor nutritional status and adverse outcomes as a result of poverty, food insecurity, sub-optimal healthcare facilities, frequent infections and frequent pregnancies. Studies from Nigeria, for example, have revealed a high prevalence of both under- and over-nutrition, as well as nutrient deficiencies, including iron, folate, vitamin D and vitamin A. Subsequently, obstetric complications, including hypertension, anaemia, neural tube defects, night-blindness, low birth weight and maternal and perinatal mortality, are common.

Part I. Analysis of data gaps pertaining to Salmonella enterica serotype Typhi infections in low and medium human development index countries, 1984-2005.

There are only 10 contemporary, population-based studies of typhoid fever that evaluate disease incidence using blood culture for confirmation of cases. Reported incidence ranged from 13 to 976/100 000 persons per year. These studies are likely to have been done preferentially in high- incidence sites which makes generalization of data difficult. Only five of these studies reported mortality. Of these the median (range) mortality was 0% (0-1.8%). Since study conditions usually involved enhanced clinical management of patients and the studies were not designed to evaluate mortality as an outcom

Socioeconomic disadvantage accounts for most of the early childhood development gap among children of adolescent mothers: A cross-national analysis of 15 Latin American and Caribbean countries.

Children of adolescent mothers face elevated risks of early childhood development (ECD) delay. Whether this reflects maternal age or the socioeconomic disadvantage that predisposes young women to early childbearing remains debated. We conducted a secondary analysis of Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey data (rounds 5 and 6, 2013-2022) from 15 Latin American and Caribbean countries, comprising 23,650 children aged 36-59 months. Using survey-weighted regression with cluster-robust standard errors, we examined associations between adolescent motherhood and ECD scores, discipline practices, and bel

Feasibility of transitioning to marker-less immobilisation using optical surface guidance in head and neck cancer treatment: a study at territory state cancer centre in a developing country.

PURPOSE/OBJECTIVES: In countries such as India, where a large share of cancer patients undergoes head and neck radiotherapy, setups still rely primarily on laser alignment with surface markers on the mask. This study explores transitioning from conventional marker-based setup to markerless setups using optical surface guidance (SGRT) to determine if treatment accuracy can be maintained particularly in a territory state cancer centre setting where resources are limited. MATERIALS/METHODS: A prospective study of 80 head-and-neck cancer patients, randomized into two groups was performed: open-fa

Manifestations and Impacts of Racial Aggressions on Black Individuals' Health and Well-Being in University Settings Across Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development Countries: Protocol for an Integrative Review.

BACKGROUND: The number of international migrants continues to rise globally, particularly in countries belonging to the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD). This growing diversity presents sociopolitical challenges related to social cohesion, which are also reflected in academic settings. Some individuals are exposed to different forms of discrimination based on skin color, including both racial microaggressions and macroaggressions. Racism is a major determinant of health and has deleterious effects on those exposed to it. OBJECTIVE: This protocol aims to analyze and

Comparison of clinicopathological characteristics and medium-term kidney outcomes in adults with mixed class III/IV with class V and pure proliferative lupus nephritis in a developing country.

OBJECTIVE: To compare clinicopathological characteristics and medium-term outcomes in patients with pure proliferative lupus nephritis (PPLN) or co-existence of proliferative lupus nephritis (PLN) with class V, termed mixed PLN (MPLN) in terms of remission, requirement of kidney replacement therapy (KRT), and patient survival. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective analysis was conducted on biopsy-proven PLN cases diagnosed between 1998 and 2018, at the Sindh Institute of Urology and Transplantation (SIUT), and followed at the kidney clinic for a minimum of 5 years. All patients were sub-clas

Comparative evaluation of CD34 immunohistochemistry and hematoxylin and eosin staining for detection of lymphovascular emboli in oral squamous cell carcinoma: a retrospective cross-sectional study in a developing country.

OBJECTIVES: The primary objective was to evaluate and compare the sensitivity and specificity of CD34 immunohistochemistry (IHC) versus conventional hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining in detecting lymphovascular emboli (LVE) in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). The secondary objective was to correlate LVE detection with tumor size, grade, perineural invasion (PNI), depth of invasion (DOI), worst pattern of invasion (WPOI), and lymph node involvement, with or without extranodal extension (ENE). METHODOLOGY: A retrospective, cross-sectional comparative analysis based on archival cases from

Control of cardiometabolic risk factors and their association with carotid intima media thickness among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus-single center experience in a developing country.

BACKGROUND/AIM: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is closely associated with atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases (ASCVD). The objective of this study was to describe the degree of ASCVD risk factor control and their association with carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) in T2DM patients followed up at a diabetes clinic in Southern, Sri Lanka. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A crosssectional study was conducted to examine the association between CIMT and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)in 300 T2DM patients. Both CIMT and its associations with modifiable cardiometabolic risk factors were exami