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From lab to lifesaver: the rise of CAR T-cell therapy in oncology.

BackgroundRecently, cancer treatment paradigms have shifted dramatically with the advent of immunotherapies, particularly chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy. Despite it is revolutionary positive outcomes in treating hematologic malignancies, challenges such as severe toxicities, high treatment costs, and limited efficacy in solid tumors persist. This review highlights these limitations and the ongoing need for innovation in CAR T-cell therapy.Main bodyThis manuscript provides a comprehensive review of most current advancements in CAR T-cell therapy, with a focus on targeting its im

Nano-formulations in disease therapy: designs, advances, challenges, and future directions.

Nano-formulations, as an innovative drug delivery system, offer distinct advantages in enhancing drug administration methods, improving bioavailability, promoting biodegradability, and enabling targeted delivery. By exploiting the unique size advantages of nano-formulations, therapeutic agents, including drugs, genes, and proteins, can be precisely reorganized at the microscale level. This modification not only facilitates the precise release of these agents but also significantly enhances their efficacy while minimizing adverse effects, thereby creating novel opportunities for treatment of a

Litigations for HIV Related Complications

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DLBCL 1L-What to Expect beyond R-CHOP?

The R-CHOP immunochemotherapy protocol has been the first-line (1L) standard of care (SOC) for diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) patients for decades and is curative in approximately two-thirds of patients. Numerous randomized phase III trials, most of them in an "R-CHOP ± X" design, failed to further improve outcomes. This was mainly due to increased toxicity, the large proportion of patients not in need of more than R-CHOP, and the extensive molecular heterogeneity of the disease, raising the bar for "one-size-fits-all" concepts. Recently, an R-CHP regimen extended by the anti-CD79b anti

Emerging Molecular Insights and Therapeutic Directions in Neurofibromatosis Type 1 and NF2-Related Schwannomatosis.

Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) and NF2-related schwannomatosis (NF2-SWN) are major genetic tumor predisposition syndromes characterized by progressive, often debilitating neoplasms of the peripheral and central nervous systems. Over the past five years, substantial advances in molecular genetics, signaling biology, and targeted therapeutic development have reshaped diagnostic and management paradigms for both disorders. This Perspective synthesizes recent developments, including gene-based reclassification, emergence of MEK inhibitor therapy in NF1, renewed evaluation of bevacizumab and kinase

Prior cancer history and suitability for kidney transplantation.

Kidney transplantation is the optimal treatment for most patients with kidney failure. For patients with a prior history of treated cancers, listing and transplant eligibility decisions are complex. Patients and health professionals are obliged to consider the time-periods between cancer cure and transplantation, the risk of cancer recurrence under the influence of immunosuppression and anti-cancer treatment options if the disease recurs. Cancer recurrence is associated with a high mortality rate, thus potentially reduces the projected survival benefit of transplantation, and dampens the utili

CAR-T cell therapy clinical trials: global progress, challenges, and future directions from ClinicalTrials.gov insights.

Chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cell therapy has undergone vigorous development in recent years, yet it still faces significant challenges and difficulties in its clinical application and further development. A systematic synthesis of global trends in CAR-T clinical trials is essential to identify knowledge gaps, optimize treatment strategies, and guide future research directions. This review analyzed 1,580 CAR-T clinical trials registered at ClinicalTrials.gov as of April 2024, and extracted characteristic data in multiple dimensions, including target specificity, treatment indication, an

Therapeutic Modulation of Autophagy in Leukaemia and Lymphoma.

Haematopoiesis is a tightly orchestrated process where a pool of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) with high self-renewal potential can give rise to both lymphoid and myeloid lineages. The HSPCs pool is reduced with ageing resulting in few HSPC clones maintaining haematopoiesis thereby reducing blood cell diversity, a phenomenon called clonal haematopoiesis. Clonal expansion of HSPCs carrying specific genetic mutations leads to increased risk for haematological malignancies. Therefore, it comes as no surprise that hematopoietic tumours develop in higher frequency in elderly peopl

A comprehensive review on pain: Model, target, therapy, and prospect (Review).

Pain serves as both a protective physiological response essential for species survival and a global health issue affecting human well‑being and societal development. The present review systematically summarized and analyzed the research progresses on pain through a multidimensional analytical framework encompassing animal models, molecular targets, therapeutic approaches and future prospects. In animal modeling, neuropathic pain paradigms have evolved from traditional mechanical compression to composite models that combine dynamic displacement and chemical stimulation. Cancer‑induced pain mode

Risk of rehospitalization due to Clostridioides difficile infection among hospitalized patients with Clostridioides difficile: a cohort study.

BackgroundReducing rehospitalization has been a primary focus of hospitals and payors. Recurrence of Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) is common and often results in rehospitalization. Factors that influence rehospitalization for CDI are not well understood.ObjectiveTo determine the risk factors that influence rehospitalization caused by CDI.DesignA retrospective cohort study from January 1, 2018, to December 31, 2018, of patients aged ≥18 who tested positive for C. difficile while hospitalized.SettingAcademic hospital.MethodsThe risk of rehospitalization was assessed across exposures d

Advances in Diet and Physical Activity in Breast Cancer Prevention and Treatment.

There is currently a growing interest in diets and physical activity patterns that may be beneficial in preventing and treating breast cancer (BC). Mounting evidence indicates that indeed, the so-called Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) and regular physical activity likely both help reduce the risk of developing BC. For those who have already received a BC diagnosis, these interventions may decrease the risk of tumor recurrence after treatment and improve quality of life. Studies also show the potential of other dietary interventions, including fasting or modified fasting, calorie restriction, keto

A year in pharmacology: new drugs approved by the US Food and Drug Administration in 2023.

With 54 new drugs and seven cellular and gene therapy products, the approvals by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) recovered 2023 from the 2022 dent back to the levels of 2020-2021. As in previous years of this annual review, we assign these new drugs to one of three levels of innovation: first drug against a condition ("first-in-indication"), first drug using a novel molecular mechanism ("first-in-class"), and "next-in-class," i.e., a drug using an already exploited molecular mechanism. We identify four (7%) "first-in-indication," 22 (36%) "first-in-class," and 35 (57%) "next-in-class

Updates on Therapeutic Strategies in the Treatment of Relapsed/Refractory Multiple Myeloma.

Multiple myeloma is a heterogeneous condition characterized by the proliferation of monoclonal B-cells, for which there is currently no curative treatment available. Relapses are, unfortunately, common after first-line treatment. While the prognosis for relapsed refractory multiple myeloma is generally poor, advances in the treatment of relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma offer hope. However, the expansion of effective options in targeted treatment offers renewed optimism and hope that patients who fail on older therapies may respond to newer modalities, which are often used in combination

Bispecific antibodies as powerful immunotherapeutic agents for urological cancers: Recent innovations based on preclinical and clinical evidence.

Conventional immunotherapy has emerged as a key option for cancer treatment. However, its efficacy has been limited in urological cancers, especially prostate cancer, because of the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME), difficulty in drug delivery, aberrant immune response, and damage to normal cells. Bispecific antibodies (BsAbs) are engineered proteins with two different antigen-binding domains, designed using different technologies and in various formats. BsAb-based tumor immunotherapy has yielded optimistic results in preclinical and clinical investigations of many tumor types, i

Human antigen R-regulated CCL20 contributes to osteolytic breast cancer bone metastasis.

Breast cancer mainly spreads to bone, causing decreased survival of patient. Human antigen R (HuR) and chemokines are important molecules associated with mRNA stability and cell-cell interaction in cancer biology. Here, HuR knockdown inhibited bone metastasis and osteolysis of metastatic breast cancer cells in mice and HuR expression promoted the metastatic ability of cancer cells via CCL20 and GM-CSF. In contrast with the findings for GM-CSF, ELAVL1 and CCL20 expressions were markedly increased in breast tumor tissues and ELAVL1 expression showed a strong positive correlation with CCL20 expre

The combination therapy with venetoclax in therapeutic strategy of acute lymphoblastic leukemia.

BACKGROUND: Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is characterized by the malignant transformation and proliferation of lymphoid progenitor cells in the bone marrow, blood, and extramedullary sites. Leukemic cells can develop drug resistance both before and after treatment, complicating disease management. Combination therapy with Venetoclax has been shown to enhance the efficacy of standard anti-leukemia drugs. Therefore, this study aims to review combination treatment strategies as potential therapeutic alternatives, drawing on evidence from previous published literature. METHODS: This narrativ

Эксплуатация эпистила у пациентов с гематологическими отклонениями: сравнительное исследование.

ForeignEpisil () — жидкий медицинский материал, используемый для одежды и защиты сукозы у пациентов с пероральным слизистым мукозитом. В нескольких исследованиях сообщается о его эффективности у пациентов с раком головы и шеи. Однако сообщений о его применении у пациентов с гематологическими недугами мало. Таким образом, мы намеревались оценить эффективность Эписила для лечения перорального слизистого слизняка у пациентов с острой миэлогенной лейкемией, злокачественной лимфомой, острой лимфоцитной лейкемией, множественной миеломой и миэлодизпластическим синдромом. MethodsBetween May 2018 и мар

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… Lalla et al. [ 28 ] concluded that robust new methodological approaches, particularly in the human genome project, stem cell research, and complex data analysis, are needed. …

Patients with type 1 Gaucher disease in South Florida, USA: demographics, genotypes, disease severity and treatment outcomes.

BackgroundGaucher disease, an autosomal recessive condition due to deficiency of lysosomal glucocerebrosidase, is a multisystemic disease, with variable age of onset, severity and progression. It is classified into subtypes delineated by the absence (type 1) or presence (type 2 and 3) of primary nervous system involvement. The ethnically diverse, largely immigrant population in South Florida has a spectrum of Gaucher disease phenotypes, creating a challenge for optimization of disease management and an opportunity to explore treatment patterns.MethodsNinety-three records from patients with Gau

UEG Week 2017 Oral Presentations

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RNF25 serves as a novel diagnostic and prognostic biomarker in multiple myeloma: a multi-cohort integrative analysis.

BackgroundUbiquitination-related genes (UbRGs) play critical roles in tumor biology. However, their functions in multiple myeloma (MM) remain insufficiently explored.MethodsTranscriptomic data from public databases were integrated to identify UbRGs in MM through WGCNA, differential expression, and protein-protein interaction (PPI) analyses. Functional roles were examined by GO, KEGG, and GSEA, while immune infiltration and drug sensitivity were evaluated using CIBERSORT, ESTIMATE, and OncoPredict. UbRG expression was validated in clinical samples and cell lines by qRT-PCR and western blot, and