Результаты поиска

A culture-based study of personal and social influences of adolescent smoking.

BACKGROUND: A range of factors have been found to influence the onset and maintenance of smoking among adolescents. The aim was to explore interrelationships among adolescent smoking and certain personal influences (academic achievement, life satisfaction and future-orientedness) and social influences (hostility, social comparison and perceived friends' smoking) using a cultural perspective. METHODS: The study surveyed high school students aged 13-20, a total sample of 2387 adolescents from randomly selected classes in urban and metropolitan areas from Szeged (Hungary), Lublin and Warsaw (Pol

Changing ecological determinants of conduct problems from early adolescence to early adulthood.

Changes in conduct problems from middle school through early adulthood were examined in a sample of 1191 African American and White males and females. Predictors were selected from a number of ecological contexts to examine the relative contribution of family, peer, school, and neighborhood factors to conduct problems during the 7th, 8th, and 11th grade and across transitions in middle school, into high school, and into young adulthood. Almost all contexts made a unique contribution to conduct problems except for the neighborhood setting. The variables that had the most regular influences duri

Peer education for HIV prevention in the Socialist Republic of Vietnam: a national assessment.

In 2000, the government of Vietnam conducted the first assessment of its national peer education program for HIV prevention. Twenty (32%) of Vietnam's 61 provinces and urban areas had functioning peer education programs, and program coordinators of all 20 were interviewed regarding their programs. In addition, on-site reviews were done for 10 of the 20 programs, including interviews of peer educators and high-risk persons in each program. The assessment found that a total of 500 peer educators were functioning either independently or as part of one of 79 teams. In the 20 provinces, the peer ed

Sexual behaviors of physically disabled adolescents in the United States.

PURPOSE: To examine differences in some aspects of sexual behavior between physically disabled and nondisabled adolescents in the United States. METHODS: The 1994-1995 Wave I data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (Add Health), a stratified, multistage cluster, school-based sample of 7th to 12th graders, were used. Physical disabilities were measured in terms of functional limitation and activity restriction. A total of 1153 adolescents were identified as physically disabled, mainly with limb difficulties. We studied their exposure on school sex education, contraceptiv

Abuse, bullying, and discrimination as risk factors for binge eating disorder.

OBJECTIVE: This study examined whether sexual and physical abuse, bullying by peers, and ethnicity-based discrimination are associated with an increased risk for developing binge eating disorder in black women and in white women and whether any increase in risk is specific for the development of binge eating disorder. METHOD: A community sample of 162 women with binge eating disorder and 251 healthy and 107 psychiatric comparison subjects was interviewed for exposure to the risk factors under investigation. RESULTS: White subjects with binge eating disorder reported significantly higher rate

Child prostitution: magnitude and related problems.

In Ethiopia, very little is known about prostitution in general and about child prostitution in particular. The objective of this study was to determine the magnitude of child prostitution and to identify problems associated with it. A cross-sectional study design was utilized. Data were collected using structured questionnaire. A total of 650 commercial sex workers were interviewed. Eighty eight (13.5%) were below the age of 18 years at the time of data collection. At the time of joining prostitution 268 (41.2%) were under 18 years of age. Poverty, disagreement with family, and peer influence

[Social competence in children with social adjustment disorders].

Teachers and parents of a sample of 1774 students at three grade levels (4th, 6th and 8th grades) were asked to judge the social competence of the children by means of the social competence questionnaire by Buhrmester et al. (1988). These ratings were correlated with the social status of the pupils, with peer statements on aggressive behavior and victimization and with the teachers' ratings of behavior in class and towards fellow pupils. Teachers proved to be more critical than parents, crediting boys with less social competence than girls, though this difference diminished in the higher grade

Premorbid and postmorbid school functioning in bipolar adolescents: description and suggested academic interventions.

OBJECTIVE: This study was designed to describe and evaluate the manner in which changes in school functioning are associated with bipolar affective disorder (BAD) in adolescence. METHOD: Pre- and post-illness onset school functioning data were collected from a sample of 44 adolescents with a DSM-III-R diagnosis of BAD. A variety of assessment measures were used, including personal interview, a review of school history and formal academic testing. RESULTS: Our findings reveal an overall profile of generally good to excellent premorbid school functioning in most adolescent onset bipolar patien

Behavior of conduct disordered children in interaction with each other and with normal peers.

This study investigated the behavior of children with conduct disorder or oppositional defiant disorder (CD/ODD) in interaction with each other and with normal control (NC) children in a semi-standardized setting over a period of 25 minutes. This short time turned out to be sufficient to demonstrate the behavioral manifestations of CD/ODD in children's interactions with peers. In addition, the role of the interactional partner on antisocial behaviour of CD/ODD children became apparent.

Educators, homosexuality, and homosexual students: are personal feelings related to professional beliefs?

This study is based on interviews with Southern lesbian and gay young adults and survey data from school counselors and prospective teachers living in the South. The essay explores adolescents' perceptions of the beliefs and abilities of school counselors and teachers with regard to issues of homosexuality and the treatment of gay and lesbian students. As a complement and a contrast, it also presents educators' personal beliefs about homosexuality, and how these attitudes are actualized in the schools. One major conclusion is that while school counselors and, to a lesser extent, classroom teac

Peer network approaches for improving HIV testing, prevention and care utilisation among men in sub-Saharan Africa: a scoping review.

INTRODUCTION: Limited male engagement in HIV prevention and care is a global challenge more pronounced in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) contributing to ongoing transmission. However, peer network interventions show promise in improving engagement. OBJECTIVE: To map and synthesise evidence on peer network interventions for HIV prevention and care among men in SSA, with a focus on the types of strategies used, populations reached and how these interventions address cultural, social and structural barriers across the HIV care cascade. DESIGN: Scoping review of peer-reviewed literature, conducted and

An ecological analysis of the effects of deviant peer clustering on sexual promiscuity, problem behavior, and childbearing from early adolescence to adulthood: an enhancement of the life history framework.

The authors propose that peer relationships should be included in a life history perspective on adolescent problem behavior. Longitudinal an … s are discussed with respect to the need to integrate an evolutionary-based model of self-organized peer groups in developmental and intervention science.

Поддержка со стороны сверстников в хронических условиях с точки зрения сверстников: систематический обзор.

Цель: Поддержка со стороны сверстников может стать ценным дополнением к обычному уходу за пациентами с хроническими заболеваниями. Хотя выгоды, связанные с поддержкой со стороны сверстников, хорошо задокументированы, в большинстве исследований основное внимание уделяется интересам получателей помощи. Учитывая центральную роль, которую играют сторонники из числа сверстников, их опыт следует рассматривать как не менее важный. В рамках этого систематического обзора обобщается имеющаяся литература, посвященная опыту сочувствующих друг другу лиц с хроническими заболеваниями. Метод: Мы проводили сис

Совпадение в полном тексте источника
… Without there being a universally agreed-upon definition of peer support, for the purposes of this review and to maintain a clear scope, we defined peer support as support provided by and to individuals from the same peer group, with the peer group being defined as people diagnosed with a somatic chronic …

Building relationships and combating bullying: effectiveness of a school-based social skills group intervention.

This study tested the efficacy of a generic social skills intervention, Social Skills GRoup INtervention (S.S.GRIN), for children experiencing peer dislike, bullying, or social anxiety. Third-grade children were randomly assigned to treatment (n = 187) or no-treatment control (CO; n = 194) groups. Examination of the direction and magnitude of change in functioning revealed that S.S.GRIN increased peer liking, enhanced self-esteem and self-efficacy, and decreased social anxiety compared to controls. S.S.GRIN was equally efficacious for all subtypes of peer problems targeted. Particular benefits

Multilevel support for continued physical activity in university volleyball courses: a qualitative study.

BACKGROUND: Whether university physical education courses can support continued participation during the course and initial efforts to remain active beyond it depends on how interpersonal support and organizational opportunities work together. This study examined multilevel support, participation motivation, and psychosocial well-being in university volleyball courses. METHODS: Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 12 students, four instructors, and two administrators from two comprehensive universities in South Korea. The data were analyzed using reflexive thematic analysis. FINDIN

"DiscoverU": Formative Development and Mixed-Methods Evaluation of an Afterschool Health and Well-Being Mentoring Program for Adolescents.

This manuscript describes the (1) development of the "DiscoverU" afterschool mentoring program and (2) formative evaluation of its feasibility, acceptability, and initial impact on adolescents' physical activity (PA), interpersonal skills, and social connectedness. We used a convergent mixed-methods design with quantitative data from adolescents (n = 32) and qualitative data from adolescents (n = 14), mentors (n = 14), facilitators (n = 3), and school staff (n = 3). We assessed pre-post changes physical activity, mindful eating, and social-emotional skills with paired Wilcoxon tests and used c

Depression and Social-Behavioral and Academic Functioning among Early Adolescents: The Role of Classroom Context.

Social context plays an important role in shaping the development of socioemotional functioning. This one-year longitudinal study examined the moderating effects of classroom peer acceptance of students with depression (CPASWD) on relations between individual depression and adjustment among early adolescents. Participants in this study were students (N = 2,153; 1,088 boys), initially in fifth grade (Mage = 11 years), in elementary schools in China. Data on depression, peer preference, and social and school adjustment were obtained from multiple sources including self-reports, peer nominations,

Effects of a peer-led educational intervention based on the theory of planned behavior on alcohol use intention and behavior among secondary school students in Northeast Ethiopia.

BACKGROUND: Adolescent alcohol use is a growing public health concern in Ethiopia. Theory-driven, peer-led educational interventions may modify psychosocial determinants of drinking behavior. This study assessed the effectiveness of a peer-led educational intervention grounded in the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) in changing alcohol-related intentions and self-reported alcohol consumption among secondary school students in Dessie and Kombolcha town, Northeast Ethiopia, high adolescent school enrollment. METHODS: A quasi-experimental pretest-post test control study with class-level allocati

The Inmate Navigation, Enrollment, Support, and Treatment (INVEST) Program: Results From a Randomized Control Trial of a Jail Reentry Program for Adults With Mental Health and Substance Abuse Issues.

The Inmate Navigation, Enrollment, Support, and Treatment (INVEST) program is a reentry intervention for persons who are detained with co-occurring mental health and substance use disorders. In a randomized controlled trial, 202 adults were assigned to either INVEST or standard reentry services. INVEST combined peer support, case management, and cognitive behavioral treatment during and after incarceration. Participants who successfully completed INVEST had significantly better outcomes: fewer rebookings, fewer days in jail, and more time in the community. Gains were found in access to support

[Not Available].

Gender Incongruence in Adolescence: A Qualitative Study on Belonging, Autonomy, and Competence among Transgender Youth Transgender adolescents develop their gender identity within social and institutional contexts that can either support or frustrate their basic psychological needs for belonging, autonomy, and competence. Empirical research in German-speaking contexts remains limited. This qualitative study draws on semi-structured interviews with 36 trans* adolescents aged 12-19 in Germany. Data were analyzed using Reflexive Thematic Analysis, guided by Self-Determination Theory as a theoreti