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Myelin Displacement and Revention in the Central Nervous System: Молекулярные механизмы, болезни и перспективные терапевтические цели.

Майлин пластичность имеет основополагающее значение для формирования нейронных сетей и оптимизации нейронных функций, формирования схем, регулирующих эмоции, сознание, сенсацию и управление двигателем. Подкомбинированный олигодендроцитами, миелин подвергается пожизненной реконструкции, которая требует высокой метаболической активности; это делает миелин-олигодендроцитную единицу весьма восприимчивой к метаболическому стрессу, старению и патологическим оскорблениям. Хотя обезвоживание является основной характеристикой различных хронических неврологических расстройств, в настоящем обзоре особо п

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
Myelin plasticity is fundamental to the formation of neural networks and the optimization of neural functions, shaping circuits governing em … arker for AD. We further synthesize recent evidence regarding myelin pathology across a spectrum of central nervous system disorders including multiple sclerosis, leukodystrophies, cerebral small vessel disease, psychiatric disorders, and traumatic injury, highlighting the underlying pathological mechanisms. Furthermore, we examine emerging therapeutic strategies, rangi …

Central and Peripheral Nervous System Complications of Vasculitis Syndromes From Pathology to Bedside: Part 1-Central Nervous System.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: The aim of this review is to provide a comprehensive update on the clinical assessment, diagnosis, complications, and treatment of primary central nervous system vasculitis (PCNSV). RECENT FINDINGS: The developments in neuroimaging, molecular testing, and cerebral biopsy have enhanced clinical assessment and decision making, providing novel insights to prevent misdiagnosis increasing diagnostic certainty. Advances in imaging techniques visualizing the wall of intracranial vessels have improved the possibility to distinguish inflammatory from non-inflammatory vascular lesion…

Gluten Ataxia and Post-Streptococcal Central Nervous System Syndromes: Emerging Immune-mediated Disorders of the Central Nervous System?

There is an "emerging concept" that central nervous system dysfunction can be caused by an aberrant immune response triggered by exogenous antigens such as the food allergen gluten or streptococcal infection. The hypothesis of a gluten sensitive ataxia remains unproven, but is worthy of consideration. The data in support of this hypothesis require critical review before any treatment recommendations can be formulated. The idea that anti-gliadin antibody seropositivity per se justifies the term "gluten sensitivity" is important because it offers potential therapeutic possibilities, including si…

The renin-angiotensin system and the central nervous system.

One of several factors affecting the secretion of renin by the kidneys is the sympathetic nervous system. The sympathetic input is excitator … out the nature of the angiotensin I and angiotensin II that have been reported to be present in the central nervous system. However, injection of angiotensin II into the cerebral ventricles produces drinking, increased secretion of vasopressin and ACTH, and increased blood pressure. The same responses are produced by intraventricular renin. Angiotensin II also facilitat …

Vascular gatekeepers of central nervous system immunity.

In this article for the Highlights of 2025 series, we review recent advances in the vascular biology of CNS border tissues. These studies reveal how blood and lymphatic networks at the meninges, nasal regions, and skull coordinate fluid flow and immune surveillance, uncovering new opportunities for therapeutic intervention in neurological disease.

[Congenital Dysplasia of the Central Nervous System].

This article reviews typical congenital dysplasias of the central nervous system (CNS) in childhood. A wide variety of CNS dysplasias is known. Symptoms in infancy are often nonspecific, and include psychomotor retardation and epilepsy. Brain imaging and genetic studies are important for definitive diagnosis. Although there is no established treatment for congenital CNS dysplasia, a significant number of people with childhood-onset congenital CNS dysplasia reach adulthood. It is hoped that clinicians who treat adults will provide comprehensive support for these patients who have reached the ag…

ECM Mechanics in Central Nervous System Morphogenesis.

BACKGROUND: Morphogenesis is crucial to shape tissues and embryos during development and results from a combination of gene expression, extracellular matrix (ECM) remodelling, and mechanical forces. The roles of gene regulation, biochemical signalling, and cell-generated forces have been extensively studied, but little is known about the active role of the ECM and the contribution of extracellular forces in shaping tissues. SUMMARY: In this review, we focus on the recent growing evidence of the direct role of the ECM and mechanics in the morphogenesis of the central nervous system (CNS) and t…

Cellular immunotherapies for central nervous system cancers.

Cellular Immunotherapies have transformed therapeutic options for individuals with hematologic malignancies over the past 10 years. There are several distinct types of cellular immunotherapies, each with potential applications to CNS cancers. Here, we review cancer cellular therapeutics for cancers of the brain and spinal cord, focusing on the preclinical and clinical studies that have been done in glioblastoma, diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma/diffuse midline glioma, medulloblastoma and lymphoma involving the central nervous system. Numerous potential therapeutic targets have been identified,…

Central Nervous System Manifestations of Cutaneous Lymphomas.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Primary cutaneous lymphomas (PCL) are an uncommon malignancy of the lymphocytes, primarily presenting with dermatologic lesions. Central nervous system(CNS) metastatic manifestations, are even rarer. This review focus mainly on three aspects namely early suspicion of CNS involvement, selection of cases for CNS chemo-prophylaxis and lastly, the rare occurrence from skin straight to brain without other organ involvement. RECENT FINDINGS: Primary extranodal large B-cell lymphomas are very heterogeneous. Recent molecular data have thrown some light on such divergent clinical be…

Corticosteroids for viral central nervous system infections.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Viruses are frequent causes of central nervous system (CNS) infection. Lacking specific antiviral treatment or inadequate clinical response may lead to treatment with corticosteroids. This review describes the rationale for and clinical experience with the use of adjunctive corticosteroids for viral CNS infections. RECENT FINDINGS: Corticosteroids display anti-inflammatory, immunosuppressive, antiproliferative, and vasoconstrictive effects by genomic and nongenomic regulation of human cells. Recent population-based studies consistently show that empiric dexamethasone during…

Primary angiitis of the central nervous system.

Primary central nervous system vasculitis, also known as primary angiitis of CNS (PACNS), is a rare and heterogeneous inflammatory disorder of blood vessels restricted to the central nervous system. The most common presenting symptoms are headache, focal neurological deficits, and altered cognition. Subtypes of PACNS can have different presentations. Diagnosis is challenging due to clinical, imaging, and histopathological heterogeneity, as well as numerous mimics. The goal of diagnostic work-up is to establish that the neurological presentation is due to an underlying vasculitis based on angio…

Updates of primary central nervous system lymphoma.

Lymphoma occurring in the central nervous system is considered primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL), usually without systematic lesions. Over the last few decades, a deep understanding of PCNSL has been lacking due to the low incidence rate, and the overall survival and progression-free survival of patients with PCNSL are lower than those with other types of non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Recently, there have been several advancements in research on PCNSL. Advances in diagnosis of the disease are primarily reflected in the promising diagnostic efficiency of novel biomarkers. Pathogenesis mai…

Primary angiitis of the central nervous system.

Primary angiitis of the central nervous system (CNS) is an uncommon inflammatory disorder, with highly variable clinical presentation. It needs to be differentiated from several mimickers, such as CNS involvement in systemic vasculitides, connective tissue disorders, infectious disease, and leukodystrophy as well as neoplastic diseases. The diagnosis requires a combination of clinical and laboratory investigations, multimodal imaging, and histopathological examination, which should be available for confirmation. In the present paper, the histopathological features of primary angiitis of the CN…

Venous Anatomy of the Central Nervous System.

Comprehensive understanding of venous anatomy is a key factor in the approach to a multitude of conditions. Moreover, the venous system has become the center of attention as a new frontier for treatment of diseases such as idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH), arteriovenous malformation (AVM), pulsatile tinnitus, hydrocephalus, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) venous fistulas. Its knowledge is ever more an essential requirement of the modern brain physician. In this article, the authors explore the descriptive and functional anatomy of the venous system of the CNS in 5 subsections: embryolo

Axon guidance in central nervous system regeneration.

Critical molecular pathways promote central nervous system (CNS) axon regeneration, but can axons be guided to their correct targets in adulthood? In this issue of Developmental Cell, Delpech et al. show that axonal guidance cues in the CNS can be manipulated to enhance anatomic and functional recovery.

Whipple Disease With Central Nervous System Involvement.

BACKGROUND: Whipple disease is a rare, chronic, and systemic infectious disease caused by the bacterium Tropheryma whipplei. It can be mistaken for numerous other diseases, including seronegative rheumatoid arthritis and tropical sprue, and it is known to occur concurrently with giardiasis. Whipple disease can be fatal if not promptly recognized and treated. CASE PRESENTATION: A 53-year-old male presented with an 8-month history of persistent diarrhea, memory distortion, visual disturbances, 30-lb weight loss, and intermittent bilateral hand and knee arthralgias. An autoimmune evaluation for