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Synergistic action of different molecular mechanisms causes striking levels of insecticide resistance in the malaria vector Anopheles gambiae.

Intensifying insecticide resistance in the malaria vector Anopheles gambiae poses a serious threat to the progress achieved the last decades in reducing malaria deaths in Africa. The genetic basis of insecticide resistance is often complex, involving multiple genes and mutations. However, we still lack a clear understanding of how each mechanism contributes to overall resistance and how highly resistant phenotypes arise. In this study, we generated a suite of transgenic An. gambiae strains carrying either individual mechanisms or combinations that frequently co-occur in nature. We show that co…

Ongoing insecticide resistance evolution in beet armyworm via changes in the utilization of pre-existing and new mutations.

Little has been known until now about the population genomic processes underpinning pest insect species' rapid and ongoing adaptation to chemical insecticides. This paper elucidates these processes for six mutations encoding resistances to four insecticide classes in Chinese Spodoptera exigua: F116V in CYP9A186 against avermectins, T929I and L1014F in VGSC against pyrethroids, V1848I in VGSC against indoxacarb and I4790M and I4790K in RyR against diamides. Whole genome sequencing of 139 individuals from 20 populations across China revealed little genetic differentiation among the populations a

Spatio-temporal trends of insecticide resistance in Indian malaria vectors (2000-2024): a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Insecticide resistance in malaria vectors poses a significant threat to the effectiveness of current vector control strategies. The prolonged use of insecticides in Long Lasting Insecticidal Nets (LLIN), Insecticide Treated Nets (ITNs), and Indoor Residual Spraying (IRS) has led to the emergence of resistance among Anopheles mosquito population. This study aims to evaluate the spatial and temporal insecticide resistance trends against dichloro-diphenyl-trichloroethane (DDT), malathion, and deltamethrin among the malaria vectors prevalent in India. Methods A systematic search was conducted in P…

Механистические данные о широко распространенной резистентности к инсектицидам среди переносчиков вирусов < < Иллинойс Уэст нийл > > , < < Кулекс пипиен > > и < < Кьюлекс ресуан > > .

Москиты являются основными переносчиками болезней и представляют собой серьезную проблему в области здравоохранения во всем мире. Борьба с вспышками заболеваний в основном зависит от инсектицидов, однако эволюция резистентности к инсектицидам ставит под угрозу эффективность таких мер реагирования. Поэтому мониторинг подверженности инсектицидам имеет жизненно важное значение для принятия обоснованных решений в отношении реагирования на вспышки. В этом исследовании рассматриваются модели устойчивости к перметрину и малатиону у вирусных векторов Западного Нила, Cx. pipiens и Cx. resuans, по всему

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
Mosquitoes are major vectors of diseases and a significant public health concern worldwide. Outbreak mitigation relies largely on insecticides, but the evolution of insecticide resistance threatens the effectiveness of such responses. Monitoring insecticide susceptibility is therefore vital for informed decisions regarding outbreak responses. This study exam…

Risk of Arboviral Transmission and Insecticide Resistance Status of Aedes Mosquitoes during a Yellow Fever Outbreak in Ghana.

BACKGROUND: In late 2021, Ghana was hit by a Yellow Fever outbreak that started in two (2) districts in the Savannah region and spread to several other Districts in (3) regions (Oti, Bono and Upper West).Yellow fever is endemic in Ghana. However, there is currently no structured vector control programme for the yellow vector, Aedes mosquitoes in Ghana. Knowledge of Aedes bionomics and insecticide susceptibility status is important to control the vectors. This study therefore sought todetermine Aedes vector bionomics and their insecticide resistance status during a yellow fever outbreak. METHO…

Risk of arboviral transmission and insecticide resistance status of Aedes mosquitoes during a yellow fever outbreak in Ghana.

BACKGROUND: In late 2021, Ghana was hit by a Yellow Fever outbreak that started in two districts in the Savannah region and spread to several other Districts in three regions. Yellow fever is endemic in Ghana. However, there is currently no structured vector control programme for Aedes the arboviral vector in Ghana. Knowledge of Aedes bionomics and insecticide susceptibility status is important to control the vectors. This study therefore sought to determine Aedes vector bionomics and their insecticide resistance status during a yellow fever outbreak. METHODS: The study was performed in two y…

Multiple insecticide resistance and first evidence of V410L kdr mutation in Aedes (Stegomyia) aegypti (Linnaeus) from Burkina Faso.

The response to recent dengue outbreaks in Burkina Faso was insecticide-based, despite poor knowledge of the vector population's susceptibil … multiple insecticide classes with multiple mechanisms involved, demonstrating the essential role of insecticide resistance monitoring within national dengue control programmes.

Molecular Analysis of Targeted Insecticide Resistance Gene Mutations in Field-Caught Mosquitos of Medical Importance From Saudi Arabia.

Gene mutations on target sites can be a valuable indicator of the status of insecticide resistance. Jeddah, a global commercial and major port-of-entry city, is bearing the brunt of dengue disease burden in Saudi Arabia. In the current study, six genotypes of three codon combinations (989, 1016, and 1534) were observed on voltage-gated sodium channel (VGSC) gene in Jeddah's Aedes aegypti population, with PGF/PGC as the dominant one. Two types of introns between exon 20 and 21 on VGSC have been identified for the first time in Ae. aegypti in Saudi Arabia. Statistical and phylogenetic analyses s…

'What I cannot create, I do not understand': functionally validated synergism of metabolic and target site insecticide resistance.

The putative synergistic action of target-site mutations and enhanced detoxification in pyrethroid resistance in insects has been hypothesiz … ome fitness disadvantage in development time and fecundity. These are major considerations from the insecticide resistance management viewpoint in both public health and agriculture.

Insecticide resistance and malaria transmission: infection rate and oocyst burden in Culex pipiens mosquitoes infected with Plasmodium relictum.

BACKGROUND: The control of most vectors of malaria is threatened by the spread of insecticide resistance. One factor that has been hitherto largely overlooked is the potential effects of insecticide resistance on the ability of mosquitoes to transmit malaria: are insecticide-resistant mosquitoes as good vectors of Plasmodium as susceptible ones? The drastic physiological changes that accompany the evolution of insecticide resistance may indeed alter the ability of vectors to transmit diseases, a possibility that, if confirmed, could have major epidemiological consequences. METHODS: Using a no…

Managing insecticide resistance in malaria vectors by combining carbamate-treated plastic wall sheeting and pyrethroid-treated bed nets.

BACKGROUND: Pyrethroid resistance is now widespread in Anopheles gambiae, the major vector for malaria in sub-Saharan Africa. This resistance may compromise malaria vector control strategies that are currently in use in endemic areas. In this context, a new tool for management of resistant mosquitoes based on the combination of a pyrethroid-treated bed net and carbamate-treated plastic sheeting was developed. METHODS: In the laboratory, the insecticidal activity and wash resistance of four carbamate-treated materials: a cotton/polyester blend, a polyvinyl chloride tarpaulin, a cotton/polyeste

Re-evaluation of recommended insecticides for resistance development, cross-resistance pattern, and underlying mechanisms in Helicoverpa armigera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae).

The rise of insecticide resistance threatens biodiversity and agricultural sustainability as insects develop mechanisms like enhanced detoxification to withstand toxic exposures. This study assessed resistance levels of Helicoverpa armigera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) populations from various regions of India to emamectin benzoate, indoxacarb, spinetoram, and lambda-cyhalothrin, and investigated the role of detoxification enzymes in resistance. Field populations showed variable susceptibility, with negligible resistance to emamectin benzoate, indoxacarb, and spinetoram. Among the tested H. armige…

Development of fipronil resistance, fitness cost, cross-resistance to other insecticides, stability, and risk assessment in Oxycarenus hyalinipennis (Costa).

Pesticides are extensively used to control pests, diseases, and weeds in order to increase agricultural production. Usage of indiscriminate doses and persistent pesticides has not only caused resistance issues in insect pests but has also had deleterious effects on non-target organisms (beneficial insects, fish, and wildlife) and caused environmental contamination (soil, water, and air) through leaching, overflow, and insecticide spray drift. Exposure from eating food and drinking water contaminated to pesticide residues is also affecting human health. This study was conducted to obtain inform

Malaria vector control: Can repurposed agricultural insecticides offer solutions to resistance issues?

Insecticide resistance poses a significant threat to the efficacy of current vector control interventions and jeopardizes recent gains in malaria control. Several insecticides developed for agricultural pest control have demonstrated promising efficacy against malaria vectors, particularly Anopheles mosquitoes. This review critically evaluates existing research on the potential repurposing of agricultural insecticides as tools to overcome resistance challenges associated with conventional vector control methods. We synthesize recent evidence highlighting the effectiveness of agricultural insec…

Herbicide resistance management strategies: how do they compare with those for insecticides, fungicides and antibiotics?

Herbicides are the largest category of pesticides used in global agriculture, which is reflected in the rate of increase in the number of unique cases of herbicide-resistant weed biotypes since the late 1950s. Recommended herbicide resistance management strategies and tactics have evolved over the past 50 years through cumulative research and experience and have been regularly reviewed. Nevertheless, new perspectives may be gained by viewing current recommended strategies through the lens of insecticide, fungicide, and antibiotic resistance management. What commonalities exist and what is the

Aedes aegypti in south Vietnam: ecology, genetic structure, vectorial competence and resistance to insecticides.

In Vietnam, dengue hemorrhagic fever has been detected since the 1950s. In Southeast Asia, urban centers expanded rapidly in an uncontrolled and unplanned way. The Aedes aegypti populations and dengue viruses thrived in these new ecological and demographic settings. The result of these changes was a greatly extended geographic distribution, increased densities of Ae. aegypti and the maintenance of the four dengue serotypes leading to a dramatic increase in dengue transmission. To assess the role of the vector in the changing pattern of the disease in Southeast Asia, we studied the ecology of A

Functional characterization of CYP321A8 and CYP6AB60 in diamide insecticides resistance in a field population of Spodoptera litura.

Spodoptera litura, a globally distributed agricultural pest, has developed increasing resistance to the diamide insecticides commonly used for its control. In this study, bioassays and synergist bioassays were performed to determine the resistance ratios and synergism ratios of chlorantraniliprole and cyantraniliprole between the Wuhan (WH) field population and the laboratory-sensitive (SS) population. The results indicated that cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (P450s) play important roles in the resistance of S. litura to both insecticides. Subsequently, transcriptome sequencing was conducted t

Mechanism of metabolic resistance in Anopheles coluzzii to insecticides in two urban areas of southern Benin.

BACKGROUND: Malaria is a disease transmitted by the Anopheles gambiae complex, represented mainly in Benin by the sister species An. coluzzii and An. gambiae sensu stricto. Intensive vector control interventions have selected physiological, behavioural and biochemical adaptation mechanisms in these populations of An. vectors. This study aimed to investigate the mechanism of the metabolic resistance of An. coluzzii to insecticides in two urban areas in southern Benin. METHODS: Larvae and pupae of An. gambiae s.l. and were collected in the municipalities of Cotonou and Porto-Novo between May an

Insecticides, biologics and nematicides: Updates to IRAC's mode of action classification - a tool for resistance management.

Insecticide resistance has been and continues to be a significant problem for invertebrate pest control. As such, effective insecticide resistance management (IRM) is critical to maintain the efficacy of current and future insecticides. A technical group within CropLife International, the Insecticide Resistance Action Committee (IRAC) was established 35 years ago (1984) as an international association of crop protection companies that today spans the globe. IRAC's focus is on preserving the long-term utility of insect, mite, and most recently nematode control products through effective resista…

Adulticidal & larvicidal efficacy of three neonicotinoids against insecticide susceptible & resistant mosquito strains.

BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES: Due to ever growing insecticide resistance in mosquitoes to commonly used insecticides in many parts of the globe, there is always a need for introduction of new insecticides for the control of resistant vector mosquitoes. In this study, larvicidal and adulticidal efficacies of three neonicotinoids (imidacloprid, thiacloprid and thiamethoxam) were tested against resistant and susceptible populations of Anopheles stephensi Liston 1901, Aedes (Stegomyia) aegypti Linnaeus, and Culex quinquefasciatus Say (Diptera: Culicidae). METHODS: Laboratory-reared mosquito species we…