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New approaches for cancer treatment: antitumor drugs based on gene-targeted nucleic acids.

Currently, the main way to fight cancer is still chemotherapy. This method of treatment is at the height of its capacity, so, setting aside the need for further improvements in traditional treatments for neoplasia, it is vital to develop now approaches toward treating malignant tumors. This paper reviews innovational experimental approaches to treating malignant malformations based on the use of gene-targeted drugs, such as antisense oligonucleotides (asON), small interfering RNA (siRNA), ribozymes, and DNAzymes, which can all inhibit oncogene expression. The target genes for these drugs are t

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… Later nielsen and co-authors substituted the sugar-phosphate backbone of the nucleic acid to an n-(2’-aminoethyl)-glycine poly- amide structure [19], which gave rise to polyamide nucleic acids (PnA). PnA are biologically stable and hybridize effectively, although they do not activate rnase H. … Boiziau c., tarrago-Litvak L., Sinha n .D. et al. / / Antisense nucleic Acid Drug Dev. 8. 1996. V. 6. № 2. P. 103–109. Zelphati O., Imbach J. L., Signoret n . et al. / / nucleic Acids res. 1994. V. 22. № 20. P. 9. 4307–4314. Jason t.L., Koropatnick J., Berg r .W. / / toxicol. Appl. …

Using peptide nucleic acids as gene-expression modifiers to reduce beta-amyloid levels.

The deposition of amyloid beta peptide (A beta) is an early and critical aspect of Alzheimer's disease. A beta is formed by the cleavage of … n our laboratory that systemic administration of antisense or antigene treatments utilizing peptide nucleic acids (PNAs) can be used to target and shut down proteins. Antisense strategies are methods of specifically targeting a particular protein by inhibiting translation by complementary binding to mRNA, while antigene methods inhibit transcription by compleme …

Burst abdomen. Local synthesis of nucleic acids, glycosaminoglycans, proteins and collagen in wounds.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Abdominal wound dehiscence and evisceration is a surgical emergency. The general phenomena leading to this complication are for the most part known. However, the local biochemical events of different layers of the abdominal wall in wound dehiscence have not been studied. The purpose of the present study was to analyze the synthesis and contents of DNA, RNA, proteins and collagen in fascial, subcutaneous and skin layers in burst abdomen. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The material consisted of 10 controls and 12 patients divided into two groups. Group A consisted of 7 patients with

A combined biochemical and cytogenetic study of thioridazine-induced damage to nucleic acids.

In this work the biochemical effects of thioridazine, a commonly used phenothiazine, have been studied upon native double- and single-stranded DNA and also upon a supercoiled plasmid. The results indicate that thioridazine causes damage and scissions to these nucleic acids but only at concentrations much higher than the one used in our cytogenetic experiments and that the damage seems to depend on the concentrations used. Furthermore, we studied the action of thioridazine alone or in combination with caffeine and/or melphalan upon human lymphocytes in vitro. Thioridazine and caffeine (a well-k…

Effect of dietary zinc deficiency on alkaline phosphatase and nucleic acids in rats.

Weanling male albino rats were randomly alloted to zinc deficient fed (ZnDF) pair-fed (ZnPF) or ad libitum-fed (ZnAL) dietary treatments. The rats were fed diets with either low (5 micrograms/g) or adequate (100 micrograms/g) zinc for 28 days. Zinc deficiency significantly reduced growth rate by 60% and was associated with a significantly low feed intake when compared with ZnPF and ZnAL groups. DNA and RNA contents of the liver were used as indication of nitrogen metabolism. DNA content was similar for both ZnPF and ZnAL groups (1.90 and 2.20 mg/g wet weight, respectively), but significantly d

[Determination of the nucleic acids in pig embryonic kidney cells by magnetic cytaphoresis].

Gallocyanine-chrome alum-stained pig embryonic kidney cells have paramagnetic properties. They move under the influence of gradient magnetic field (magnetophoresis). The velocity of magnetophoresis is proportional to the content of nucleic acids in cells. This allows to estimate the content of nucleic acids per cell dry weight by magnetophoresis and analytical centrifugation.

Lipidation as a Driver of Spatial Organization and Function in Proteins and Nucleic Acids.

Beyond serving as passive structural barriers, cellular membranes actively drive the spatial organization and compartmentalized function of macromolecules. Here, we review the interplay between lipid chemistry and lipidation-dependent spatial organization across both proteins and nucleic acids. This paradigm reflects a deep chemical continuity rooted in prebiotic evolution, where vesicles self-assembled from simple amphiphiles facilitate the membrane association of primitive polymers. In extant biology, highly regulated enzymatic lipidation serves as a critical determinant for membrane associa…

An Autocatalytic Molecular Sensor Enables Rapid, Sensitive, and One-Pot Detection of Nucleic Acids.

Circulating nucleic acids are emerging disease markers whose clinical applications are hindered by the lack of rapid, sensitive, convenient, and cost-effective detection assays. Inspired by the natural replication of virus, here, we developed a biomimetic one-step, one-pot, isothermal detection assay named RAPID to realize rapid and sensitive detection of nucleic acids with minimal reliance on instruments. The core element of RAPID is an autocatalytic molecular sensor that exploits the viral replication endonuclease of duck circovirus (i.e., DCV) to transform rolling circle amplification (RCA)…

Z-Nucleic Acids: A Regulator of Macrophage PANoptosis and Fungal Biofilm in Fungal Keratitis.

PURPOSE: This study aimed to investigate the role of Z‑nucleic acids (Z‑NAs) in the pathogenesis of fungal keratitis (FK), focusing on its regulatory effects on fungal immune escape, inflammation, and biofilm activity. METHODS: A mouse model of FK was established by the combination of stromal scrapes and corneal contact lens with Fusarium solani. Disease severity was assessed using clinical scoring and histopathological examination. In vitro, bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) were infected with F. solani, and the efficiency of fungal phagocytosis and escape by BMDMs was determined throu…

Cartilage-targeted siMMP13 delivery using cap-modified tetrahedral framework nucleic acids for Osteoarthritis therapy.

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative joint disorder characterized by cartilage deterioration, with limited therapeutic options available to halt disease progression. A key driver of this pathology is the chondrocyte overexpression of matrix metalloproteinase 13 (MMP13), an enzyme that degrades type II collagen (Col2). Although small interfering RNA (siRNA) mediated silencing of MMP13 has shown therapeutic potential, its clinical translation is hindered by poor stability, inadequate cartilage infiltration, and a short joint residence time. To overcome these barriers, we engineered a cartilage-

Tetrahedral framework nucleic acids carrying tranexamic acid to alleviate ultraviolet B-induced skin pigmentation.

Hyperpigmentation disorders such as melasma require topical therapies that are both effective and well tolerated, yet many current depigmenting agents are limited by irritation or inconsistent efficacy. Tranexamic acid (TXA) is a clinically used small molecule with emerging anti-pigmentation utility, but its topical performance is often constrained by insufficient penetration and limited cellular access. In this work, we engineered a tetrahedral framework nucleic acid (tFNA)-enabled TXA formulation (tFNAs-TXA) to enhance topical delivery and anti-melanogenic activity. tFNAs-TXA was successfull

CRISPR/Cas12a-Chemiluminescence Cascaded Bioassay for Amplification-Free and Sensitive Detection of Nucleic Acids.

The CRISPR/Cas system has attracted increasing attention in accurate nucleic acid detection. Herein, we reported a CRISPR/Cas12a-chemiluminescence cascaded bioassay (CCCB) for the amplification-free and sensitive detection of human papillomavirus type 16 (HPV-16) and parvovirus B19 (PB-19). A magnetic bead (MB)-linking single-stranded DNA (LssDNA)-alkaline phosphatase (ALP) complex was constructed as the core component of the bioassay. During the detection process, the single-stranded target DNA was captured and enriched by LssDNA and then activated the trans-cleavage activity of Cas12a. Due t

Rapid Amplification and Detection of Single-Stranded Nucleic Acids for Point-of-Care Diagnosis.

Nucleic acid detection plays a crucial role in various applications, including disease diagnostics, research development, food safety, and environmental health monitoring. A rapid, point-of-care (POC) nucleic acid test can greatly benefit healthcare system by providing timely diagnosis for effective treatment and patient management, as well as supporting diseases surveillance for emerging pandemic diseases. Recent advancements in nucleic acids technology have led to rapid assays for single-stranded nucleic acids that can be integrated into simple and miniaturized platforms for ease of use. In …

A Modular Encapsulation System for Precision Delivery of Proteins, Nucleic Acids, and Small Molecules.

Targeted nanoparticles have the potential to revolutionize therapeutics for medical applications. Here, we demonstrate the utility of a flexible precision nanovesicle delivery system for functional delivery of DNA, RNA, proteins, and drugs into target cells. Nanovesicles generated by the membrane sculpting protein caveolin, termed caveospheres, can be loaded with RNA, DNA, proteins, or drugs postsynthesis or incorporate genetically encoded cargo proteins during production without the need for protein purification. Functionalized, fluorescently labeled caveospheres form a modular system that sh

Circular Nucleic Acids Act as an Oncogenic MicroRNA Sponge to Inhibit Hepatocellular Carcinoma Progression.

Background: Aberrant expression of microRNAs in neoplastic lesions may serve as potential personalized therapeutic targets. To inhibit oncog … potential in cancer treatment. Our approach involves the use of synthetic single-stranded circular nucleic acids, including circDNA and circRNA, to selectively target and inhibit a variety of aberrantly overexpressed oncomiRs in tumors. The objective of this strategy is to restore the expression levels of multiple tumor suppressor factors and to suppress the m …

Tetrahedral Framework Nucleic Acids Inhibit Oxidative Stress and Cardiomyocyte Apoptosis in Doxorubicin-Induced Cardiotoxicity.

BACKGROUND: Doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity (DIC) is a major clinical limitation of doxorubicin therapy, driven by mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis. Tetrahedral framework nucleic acids (tFNAs), as novel 3D DNA nanostructures, exhibit antioxidative and anti-apoptotic properties, suggesting therapeutic potential for DIC. METHODS: The therapeutic efficacy of tFNAs was evaluated through in vivo (mouse model) and in vitro (cardiac cell lines) experiments. Apoptotic pathways were analyzed via AKT/p53 signaling inhibition assays, while cardiac function was assessed by histological examinat…