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The Impact of Mesothelin in the Ovarian Cancer Tumor Microenvironment.

Ovarian cancer is the deadliest gynecological disease among U.S. women. Poor 5-year survival rates (<30%) are due to presentation of most wo … e omentum, producing secondary lesions. In this review, the involvement of mesothelin (MSLN) in the tumor microenvironment is discussed. MSLN, a 40kDa glycoprotein that is overexpressed in many cancers including ovarian and mesotheliomas is suggested to play a role in cell survival, proliferation, tumor progression, and adherence. However, the biological function of MSL …

Follicular Lymphoma: The Role of the Tumor Microenvironment in Prognosis.

The microenvironment of follicular lymphoma (FL) is composed of tumor-infiltrating CD8(+) T cells, follicular regulatory T cells, lymphoma-associated macrophages and mast cells, follicular helper T cells, follicular dendritic cells, and follicular reticular cells, all of which have been reported to have relevance in the prognosis of FL patients. In addition, some of these cells play a role in the histologic transformation of FL. Macrophages contribute to a poor prognosis in FL patients treated in the pre-rituximab era, but are associated with good prognosis in those treated in the rituximab er

Role of the tumor microenvironment in the pathogenesis of gastric carcinoma.

Gastric carcinoma (GC) is the 4(th) most prevalent cancer and has the 2(nd) highest cancer-related mortality rate worldwide. Despite the inc … ignaling pathways will also be discussed. Increasing our understanding of how the components of the tumor microenvironment interact with GC cells and the signaling pathways involved could help identify new therapeutic and chemopreventive targets.

The role of fibronectin in the tumor microenvironment - implications for immunotherapy.

Contemporary models of tumor progression highlight the key role of the tumor microenvironment (TME) and the extracellular matrix (ECM) in regulating angiogenesis, metastasis, and immune resistance. Among ECM components, oncofetal fibronectin (FN) isoforms containing the EDA and EDB domains are of particular interest because they are highly expressed in solid tumors but absent from normal adult tissues. This review article synthesizes current data on the pathophysiological functions of FN variants in oncogenesis. Particular attention was paid to their role in pathological vascular remodeling, t…

AXL: shapers of tumor progression and immunosuppressive microenvironments.

As research progresses, our understanding of the tumor microenvironment (TME) has undergone profound changes. The TME evolves with the developmental stages of cancer and the implementation of therapeutic interventions, transitioning from an immune-promoting to an immunosuppressive microenvironment. Consequently, we focus intently on the significant role of the TME in tumor proliferation, metastasis, and the development of drug resistance. AXL is highly associated with tumor progression; however, previous studies on AXL have been limited to its impact on the biological behavior of cancer cells.…

The Immune Regulatory Role of Adenosine in the Tumor Microenvironment.

Adenosine, an immunosuppressive metabolite, is produced by adenosine triphosphate (ATP) released from dying or stressed cells and is found at high levels in the tumor microenvironment of most solid tumors. It mediates pro-tumor activities by inducing tumor cell proliferation, migration or invasion, tumor tissue angiogenesis, and chemoresistance. In addition, adenosine plays an important role in regulating anti-tumor immune responses and facilitating tumor immune escape. Adenosine receptors are broadly expressed by tumor-infiltrated immune cells, including suppressive tumor-associated macrophag…

A bibliometric analysis of the research on hematological tumor microenvironment.

BackgroundIn recent years, the incidence of hematological tumors has increased. The tumor microenvironment (TME) is the local biological environment in the process of tumor occurrence and development and is closely related to hematological malignancies, including lymphoma and leukemia. This study aims to conduct a bibliometric analysis of the research on the hematological TME, reflect the general situation of the research in this field, and remind the focus of future research.MethodsSearch the Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-E) database on the Web of Science Core Collection (WOSCC). Use s…

The roles of curcumin in regulating the tumor immunosuppressive microenvironment.

Cancer is a harmful threat to human health. In addition to surgery, a variety of anticancer drugs are increasingly used in cancer therapy; however, despite the developments in multimodality treatment, the morbidity and mortality of patients with cancer patients are on the increase. The tumor-specific immunosuppressive microenvironment serves an important function in tumor tolerance and escape from immune surveillance leading to tumor progression. Therefore, identifying new drugs or foods that can enhance the tumor immune response is critical to develop improved cancer prevention methods and tr

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… The tumor immunosuppressive environment The tumor microenvironment is complex and heterogeneous ( 55 ). O'Donnell et al ( 56 ) classified the tumor microenvironment into four types according to tumor mutation burden and the degree and subgroup of tumor infiltrating T cells. … Immunosuppressive cells in the tumor microenvironment can facilitate the progression of tumors through generating tumor immunosuppressive microenvironment ( 57 ). …

Vitronectin as a molecular player of the tumor microenvironment in neuroblastoma.

BACKGROUND: Vitronectin is a multifunctional glycoprotein known in several human tumors for its adhesive role in processes such as cell growth, angiogenesis and metastasis. In this study, we examined vitronectin expression in neuroblastoma to investigate whether this molecule takes part in cell-cell or cell-extracellular matrix interactions that may confer mechanical properties to promote tumor aggressiveness. METHODS: We used immunohistochemistry and image analysis tools to characterize vitronectin expression and to test its prognostic value in 91 neuroblastoma patients. To better understand

The role of the tumor microenvironment in HIV-associated lymphomas.

There has been considerable interest in the role of the lymphoma microenvironment. Despite the use of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), AIDS-related diffuse large-B-cell lymphoma remains common and HIV-relatedHIV-associated classical Hodgkin's lymphoma is increasing in incidence. Less is known about the impact HIV and HAART have on the lymphoma microenvironment. AIDS-related diffuse large B-cell lymphoma is highly angiogenic, demonstrates increased lymphoblastic histology, proliferation, increased activated cytotoxic T cells, reduced CD4(+) and FOXP3(+) T cells, but no differences

Mechanical properties of the tumor microenvironment: drivers of immunotherapy resistance in solid tumors.

The limited efficacy of immunotherapy in solid tumors is increasingly recognized to reflect not only molecular and cellular immune suppression, but also profound mechanical abnormalities within the tumor microenvironment (TME). Emerging evidence indicates that extracellular matrix (ECM) stiffening and architectural remodeling, altered cellular stiffness, elevated solid stress, abnormal fluid shear stress, and increased interstitial fluid pressure (IFP) critically shape antitumor immunity and contribute to immunotherapy resistance. In this review, we summarize these major mechanical features an…

The Role of Tumor Necrosis Factor in Manipulating the Immunological Response of Tumor Microenvironment.

The tumor microenvironment (TME) is an intricate system within solid neoplasms. In this review, we aim to provide an updated insight into the TME with a focus on the effects of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) on its various components and the use of TNF-α to improve the efficiency of drug delivery. The TME comprises the supporting structure of the tumor, such as its extracellular matrix and vasculature. In addition to cancer cells and cancer stem cells, the TME contains various other cell types, including pericytes, tumor-associated fibroblasts, smooth muscle cells, and immune cells. These cel…

MAVS as a Key Regulator of Tumor Proliferation, Survival, the Tumor Microenvironment, and Immunity.

The mitochondrial anti-viral signaling protein, MAVS, is a central regulator of innate anti-viral immunity. Recently, we demonstrated that MAVS is overexpressed in cancer, where its downregulation resulted in reduced cell proliferation and the expression and nuclear translocation of proteins associated with transcriptional regulation and inflammation. In this study, we demonstrate that CRISPR/Cas9-mediated MAVS depletion in PC-3 prostate cancer cells suppresses proliferation, disrupts immune evasion, and alters the tumor microenvironment. Proteomic profiling of the MAVS-KO cells by LC-MS/MS re…

The Dynamic Alliance of p53 and Metabolism in the Tumor Microenvironment Shapes Tumor Evolution.

Tumor evolution, from premalignant lesions to metastasis, is increasingly recognized as shaped by continuous interplay between tumor cells metabolism and their microenvironment. During tumor initiation, major oncogenic pathways drive early metabolic reprogramming of lipid, amino acid, and energy pathways to promote cell competition and clonal expansion. These metabolic changes reciprocally shape the tumor microenvironment (TME) through metabolite fluxes, extracellular matrix remodeling, and immune reprogramming, generating adaptive niches that sustain tumor progression and metastasis. Cancer c…

The localization, origin, and impact of platelets in the tumor microenvironment are tumor type-dependent.

BACKGROUND: How platelets interact with and influence the tumor microenvironment (TME) remains poorly characterized. METHODS: We compared the presence and participation of platelets in the TME of two tumors characterized by highly different TME, PyMT AT-3 mammary tumors and B16F1 melanoma. RESULTS: We show that whereas firmly adherent platelets continuously line tumor vessels of both AT-3 and B16F1 tumors, abundant extravascular stromal clusters of platelets from thrombopoietin-independent origin were present only in AT-3 mammary tumors. We further show that platelets influence the angiogeni…

Demethylases in tumors and the tumor microenvironment: Key modifiers of N6-methyladenosine methylation.

RNA methylation modifications are widespread in eukaryotes and prokaryotes, with N6-methyladenosine (m6A) the most common among them. Demeth … of demethylases in tumors. In addition, we describe the relationships between demethylases and the tumor microenvironment, and introduce their regulatory mechanisms. Finally, we discuss evaluation of demethylases for tumor diagnosis and prognosis, as well as the clinical application of demethylase inhibitors, providing a strong basis for their large-scale clinical appl …

Enhanced manipulation of tumor microenvironments by nanomotor for synergistic therapy of malignant tumor.

Tumor microenvironments (TME) play critical roles in the growth and metastasis of tumor tissue, which provide a promising way to treat malignant tumor via manipulation of TME. However, developing proper strategy to effectively control TME is still a challenge. Herein, a Ce6@AT-PEG-MSN-Pt (CAPMP) nanomotor is fabricated to spontaneously move in tumor tissue and concurrently perform the enhanced manipulation of various tumor microenvironments including copper levels, hypoxia, local temperature and reactive oxygen species (ROS) for effective tumor therapy. The CAPMP nanomotor consists of a janus …

Targeting Osteoclastogenesis: Sabutoclax reduces tumor-associated osteolysis and tumor burden within the bone microenvironment.

Bone metastasis is a major complication of breast cancer, characterized by osteolytic destruction mediated by excessive osteoclast activation. Current anti-resorptive therapies primarily target osteoclasts but have limited impact on the tumor-bone microenvironment vicious cycle that drives bone destruction. This study evaluated the therapeutic efficacy of a novel pan-B-cell lymphoma 2 inhibitor, Sabutoclax, in a breast cancer-induced model osteolysis and explored potential mechanisms associated with its effects. At the cellular level, we assessed the effects of Sabutoclax on the proliferation,

Overexpression of ONECUT1 suppresses hepatoblastoma progression via modulating tumor cell growth and tumor microenvironment.

BACKGROUND: Hepatoblastoma is the most common malignant liver tumor in children. Our previous work showed that enforced expression of the transcription factor One Cut Homeobox 1 (ONECUT1) suppresses the initiation of hepatoblastoma. However, it remains unclear whether increasing ONECUT1 expression can also inhibit tumor progression after tumors have already formed. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of ONECUT1 induction on tumor cell behavior and tumor growth during established hepatoblastoma progression. RESULTS: We generated doxycycline-inducible expression systems to up

Tumor microenvironment and metabolic reprogramming: Unraveling the complex interplay in gastrointestinal tumor liver metastasis.

Gastrointestinal tumors (GITs) are among the most prevalent and lethal malignancies worldwide, with liver metastasis (LM) being a major cont … es have highlighted the critical role of tumor metabolic reprogramming and its interaction with the tumor microenvironment (TME) in the progression of gastrointestinal tumor liver metastasis. Tumor cells undergo metabolic alterations, such as enhanced glycolysis, increased glutamine metabolism, and altered lipid metabolism, to meet the demands of rapid proliferation. Th …