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The KISS1 Receptor as an In Vivo Microenvironment Imaging Biomarker of Multiple Myeloma Bone Disease.

Multiple myeloma is one of the most common hematological diseases and is characterized by an aberrant proliferation of plasma cells within the bone marrow. As a result of crosstalk between cancer cells and the bone microenvironment, bone homeostasis is disrupted leading to osteolytic lesions and poor prognosis. Current diagnostic strategies for myeloma typically rely on detection of excess monoclonal immunoglobulins or light chains in the urine or serum. However, these strategies fail to localize the sites of malignancies. In this study we sought to identify novel biomarkers of myeloma bone di

Special Issue "Circulating Non-Coding RNAs as Diagnostic and Prognostic Markers of Human Diseases, 2nd Edition".

The dynamic transcriptomic landscape of the human genome, comprising both coding and non-coding RNA (ncRNA) transcripts, serves as a molecular fingerprint of cellular and tissue-specific physiological states [...].

Mutation profile and chromosomal abnormality in adenomyosis.

In briefBy tissue-selective next-generation sequencing, we showed that adenomyotic epithelium harbored genomic alterations thought to be relevant to the development and progression of adenomyosis, including somatic mutations in several cancer-associated genes with high mutant allele frequencies and the gain of chromosome 1q. Clonal relationships among multiple adenomyotic lesions and the normal uterine endometrium delineate the oligoclonal origin of adenomyosis and the spatial expansion of mutant clones.AbstractTo identify the distinctive features of mutation profiles in adenomyosis compared t

Monitoring concentration and lipid signature of plasma extracellular vesicles from HR+ metastatic breast cancer patients under CDK4/6 inhibitors treatment.

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are cell-derived small membrane structures that transport various molecules. They have emerged as potential circulating biomarkers for monitoring responses to cancer therapies. This study aimed to comprehensively characterize plasma-carried EVs in hormone receptor-positive (HR+) metastatic breast cancer (MBC) patients treated with first-line CDK4/6 inhibitors (iCDK4/6) combined with endocrine therapy. MBC patients were classified into three groups based on their response to therapy: resistant, intermediate or sensitive. In a prospective cohort, we monitored the con

Oxidative Stress Linking Obesity and Cancer: Is Obesity a 'Radical Trigger' to Cancer?

Obesity is on the rise worldwide, and consequently, obesity-related non-communicable diseases are as well. Nutritional overload induces metabolic adaptations in an attempt to restore the disturbed balance, and the byproducts of the mechanisms at hand include an increased generation of reactive species. Obesity-related oxidative stress causes damage to vulnerable systems and ultimately contributes to neoplastic transformation. Dysfunctional obese adipose tissue releases cytokines and induces changes in the cell microenvironment, promoting cell survival and progression of the transformed cancer

Innovations in chemotherapy and radiation therapy: Implications and opportunities for the Asia-Pacific Rim.

New cases of invasive cancer in the United States occur among nearly 1.5 million people annually. In 2007, more than 1,500 people died per day with this diagnosis. Cancer is responsible for nearly one in every four deaths reported in the country. Enormous amounts of money and research have been, and are being spent, in an attempt to improve these numbers. While prevention and early detection remain the key to long-term success, treatment in the neo-adjuvant, adjuvant and metastatic settings still centre around two main treatment modalities - radiation therapy and chemotherapy. This article wil

Нейтрофильная активация и повторное расширение CAR-T, лежащее в основе синдрома высвобождения цитокина, во время цилакабтагенской автолексельной терапии в множестве миеломы.

Синдром цитокина (CRS) является наиболее распространенным осложнением химерика антигенного рецептора, перенаправления Т клеток (CAR-T). Существенно улучшено регулирование токсичности CAR-T, однако ДУС по-прежнему является одной из главных проблем в области безопасности. Здесь мы следим уровням сыворотки цитокина и циркулируем транскриптомы иммунных клеток в продольном направлении. 26 для понимания иммунологической кинетики CRS. Мы видим, что, хотя T лимфоциты и моноциты/макропаты являются основным общим источником цитокина в виде ДУС, нейтрофильная активация достигла пиков ранее, до появления

Paediatric Gliomas: BRAF and Histone H3 as Biomarkers, Therapy and Perspective of Liquid Biopsies.

Paediatric gliomas categorised as low- or high-grade vary markedly from their adult counterparts, and denoted as the second most prevalent childhood cancers after leukaemia. As compared to adult gliomas, the studies of diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers, as well as the development of therapy in paediatric gliomas, are still in their infancy. A body of evidence demonstrates that B-Raf Proto-Oncogene or V-Raf Murine Sarcoma Viral Oncogene Homolog B (BRAF) and histone H3 mutations are valuable biomarkers for paediatric low-grade gliomas (pLGGs) and high-grade gliomas (pHGGs). Various diagnostic

Emerging therapeutic strategies in glioblastsoma: drug repurposing, mechanisms of resistance, precision medicine, and technological innovations.

Glioblastoma (GBM) is an aggressive Grade IV brain tumor with a poor prognosis. It results from genetic mutations, epigenetic changes, and factors within the tumor microenvironment (TME). Traditional treatments like surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy provide limited survival benefits due to the tumor's heterogeneity and resistance mechanisms. This review examines novel approaches for treating GBM, focusing on repurposing existing medications such as antipsychotics, antidepressants, and statins for their potential anti-GBM effects. Advances in molecular profiling, including next-generation

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… Liquid biopsy has emerged as a non-invasive method for monitoring GBM using biomarkers like circulating tumor cells (CTCs), extracellular vesicles (EVs), and cell-free nucleic acids. …

Evolution of Cancer Pharmacological Treatments at the Turn of the Third Millennium.

The medical history of cancer began millennia ago. Historical findings of patients with cancer date back to ancient Egyptian and Greek civilizations, where this disease was predominantly treated with radical surgery and cautery that were often ineffective, leading to the death of patients. Over the centuries, important discoveries allowed to identify the biological and pathological features of tumors, without however contributing to the development of effective therapeutic approaches until the end of the 1800s, when the discovery of X-rays and their use for the treatment of tumors provided the

Cancer vaccines: an update on recent achievements and prospects for cancer therapy.

Decades of basic and translational research have led to a momentum shift in dissecting the relationship between immune cells and cancer. This culminated in the emergence of breakthrough immunotherapies that paved the way for oncologists to manage certain hard-to-treat cancers. The application of high-throughput techniques of genomics, transcriptomics, and proteomics was conclusive in making and expediting the manufacturing process of cancer vaccines. Using the latest research technologies has also enabled scientists to interpret complex and multiomics data of the tumour mutanome, thus identify

Tumor biomarkers for diagnosis, prognosis and targeted therapy.

Tumor biomarkers, the substances which are produced by tumors or the body's responses to tumors during tumorigenesis and progression, have been demonstrated to possess critical and encouraging value in screening and early diagnosis, prognosis prediction, recurrence detection, and therapeutic efficacy monitoring of cancers. Over the past decades, continuous progress has been made in exploring and discovering novel, sensitive, specific, and accurate tumor biomarkers, which has significantly promoted personalized medicine and improved the outcomes of cancer patients, especially advances in molecu

DOK2 Has Prognostic and Immunologic Significance in Adults With Acute Myeloid Leukemia: A Novel Immune-Related Therapeutic Target.

BackgroundThe role of downstream tyrosine kinase 2 (DOK2), a major member of the DOK family, remains poorly defined in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Herein, we investigated the expression levels, clinical outcomes, and biological functions of DOK2 in patients with AML.MethodsDatasets were obtained from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database for transcriptomic and clinical information. Nomogram construction and assessment were conducted using Cox regression analysis, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, and calibration plots. Public databases, including the Gene Expression Omnibus,

Prognostic value of serum lipids in newly diagnosed acute promyelocytic leukemia.

Background and purposeDyslipidemia has been linked to acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL), with abnormal lipid metabolism observed during treatment. However, its role in APL pathogenesis remains unclear. This study investigates the relationship between serum lipid levels and clinical features, risk stratification, bleeding tendency, and prognosis of newly diagnosed APL patients, focusing on the role of the PTK2 gene in regulating lipid metabolism and its potential as a therapeutic target.Materials and methodsWe analyzed 90 newly diagnosed APL patients and 99 controls. Statistical analyses, incl

Advances in the assessment of minimal residual disease in mantle cell lymphoma.

The clinical impact of minimal residual disease detection at early time points or during follow-ups has been shown to accurately predict relapses among patients with lymphomas, mainly in follicular and diffuse large B cell lymphoma. The field of minimal residual disease testing in mantle cell lymphoma is still evolving but has great impact in determining the prognosis. Flow cytometry and polymerase chain reaction-based testing are most commonly used methods in practice; however, these methods are not sensitive enough to detect the dynamic changes that underline lymphoma progression. Newer meth

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… Liquid biopsies can be conducted using circulating tumor cells, cell-free DNA (cfDNA), ctDNA, exosomes, or other cell-free nucleic acids (mRNA, microRNA) [ 12 ]. However, only cfDNA and ctDNA are considered to be practical and feasible for liquid biopsies in most lymphoid malignancies (Table 3 ). …

Innovations in cancer treatment as novel potential and the myth of personalized vaccines, immunotherapy, CRISPR/Cas9, and bacteriotherapy as promising therapeutic strategies.

Recent advancements in cancer treatment, including targeted therapy, tailored vaccines, immunotherapy, and bacteriotherapy, have demonstrated remarkable potential in addressing various types of cancer. However, the pursuit of novel therapeutic strategies remains challenged by significant obstacles, including toxicity to healthy tissues, limited penetration into malignant tissues, and the potential for tumor cell resistance to pharmacological agents. This study explored the potential of tailored vaccinations, immunotherapy, CRISPR/Cas9, and bacteriotherapy for cancer treatment. Randomized and n

Acute Pneumonia

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The Undervalued Avenue to Reinstate Tumor Suppressor Functionality of the p53 Protein Family for Improved Cancer Therapy-Drug Repurposing.

p53 and p73 are critical tumor suppressors that are often inactivated in human cancers through various mechanisms. Owing to their high structural homology, the proteins have many joined functions and recognize the same set of genes involved in apoptosis and cell cycle regulation. p53 is known as the 'guardian of the genome' and together with p73 forms a barrier against cancer development and progression. The TP53 is mutated in more than 50% of all human cancers and the germline mutations in TP53 predispose to the early onset of multiple tumors in Li-Fraumeni syndrome (LFS), the inherited cance

Histone Modifier KANSL2 является практически осуществимым биомаркером в Мультимиломе.

Эпигенетические отклонения являются ключевыми движущими силами множественной миеломы, однако адресная терапия, использующая эпигенетические изменения, еще не установлена. Объединяя клинические и молекулярные наборы пациентов с множественной миеломой с непредвзятым генетическим экраном в vivo, мы определили подгруппу 2 (KANSL2) КАТ8, регулирующую комплекс NSL, как гистонную послетрансляционную модификацию, связанную с онкогене. Высокое выражение KANSL2 было связано с неблагоприятным прогнозом у пациентов с множественной миеломой. Генетические модели " наживы " и " потери функцион

Tumour-Derived Extracellular Vesicles (EVs): A Dangerous "Message in A Bottle" for Bone.

Several studies have shown the importance of Extracellular Vesicles (EVs) in the intercellular communication between tumour and resident cells. Through EVs, tumour cells can trigger cell-signalling molecules and shuttle exogenous information to target cells, thus promoting spread of the disease. In fact, many processes are fuelled by EVs, such as tumour invasion and dormancy, drug-resistance, immune-surveillance escape, extravasation, extracellular matrix remodelling and metastasis. A key element is certainly the molecular profile of the shed cargo. Understanding the biochemical basis of EVs w