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Persistence in humans of antibody to subtypes of Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis (VEE) virus after immunization with attenuated (TC-83) VEE virus vaccine.

We studied the persistence of antibody to Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis (VEE) virus subtypes in sera of 20 volunteers inoculated seven or nine years previously with attenuated TC-83 VEE virus vaccine. Serological patterns were compared with those of 10 other persons from whom samples of serum were obtained 28 days after vaccination with TC-83 virus. Vaccines had no other known exposure to a group A arbovirus. Titers of neutralizing antibody of greater than or equal to 1:10 were measured against the homologous TC-83 strain of virus in all long- and short-term vaccinees. In both groups of …

Clinical, immunohistochemical, and pathological assessment of a mouse model of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis induced by a eukaryotic RpfE-MOG(35-55)-expressing plasmid.

BACKGROUND: Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis (EAE) is the most widely used animal model for investigating the pathogenesis of Multiple Sclerosis (MS). However, conventional EAE induction protocols are often labor-intensive and costly. Therefore, developing a simplified and cost-effective method for EAE induction would be valuable for experimental studies. METHODS AND RESULTS: In this study, we established a novel approach for inducing chronic EAE in C57BL/6J mice using a eukaryotic plasmid system. In this method, Resuscitation-promoting factor-E (RpfE), serving as an adjuvant, and Mye…

The possible anti-apoptotic and antioxidant effects of acetyl l-carnitine as an add-on therapy on a relapsing-remitting model of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in rats.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a progressive inflammatory autoimmune demyelinating disease of the brain and spinal cord. Glucocorticoids (GCs) are the standard treatment of MS, however they have several drawbacks like oxidative stress and apoptosis. This study was designed to evaluate some possible antioxidant, anti-apoptotic and immune modulatory effects of Acetyl-l-carnitine (ALCAR) when used either alone or as an add-on therapy with dexamethasone for treatment of a relapsing-remitting (RR) experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) as a model of MS. This experiment was performed on 50 fema…

Paraneoplastic brainstem encephalomyelitis and atypical form of chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy in patient with testicular germinal tumor-is this an overlap syndrome? a case report.

Paraneoplastic neurologic syndromes are diagnosed when neurologic symptoms are associated with neoplasm and other causative factors are excluded. They may precede or be simultaneous to various types of neoplasms, mainly malignant. In men up to 45-50 years old the most common cancer causing the paraneoplastic syndrome is testicle tumor, manifesting usually as limbic/brain stem encephalitis and myelitis. Usually effective treatment of underlying neoplasm brings resolution of neurologic symptoms. But corticosteroids and intravenuous immunoglobulins are also used. In the presented case a 37-year-o

The intrathecal, polyspecific antiviral immune response in neurosarcoidosis, acute disseminated encephalomyelitis and autoimmune encephalitis compared to multiple sclerosis in a tertiary hospital cohort.

BACKGROUND: A polyspecific, intrathecal humoral immune response against the neurotropic viruses, measles, rubella and varicella zoster virus, called "MRZ reaction" (MRZR), is present in the majority of patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). Neurosarcoidosis (NS) and acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) are important clinical differential diagnoses of MS. Autoimmune encephalitis (AIE) represents a well characterized autoimmune CNS disorder with intrathecal antibody synthesis. The aim of this study was to investigate the specificity of MRZR for MS in patients with NS, ADEM and AIE for the…

MMP-2 null mice exhibit an early onset and severe experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis due to an increase in MMP-9 expression and activity.

Matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2; gelatinase A) is known to degrade a broad range of extracellular matrix components and chemokines, and has important roles in the processes of cell migration, invasion, and involution during development, as well as during tumor growth and metastasis and in inflammation and repair. To better elucidate the roles of this matrix metalloproteinase in the development and progression of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, we used MMP-2-deficient (KO) mice. Surprisingly, we found that MMP-2 KO mice exhibited an earlier onset and more severe disease than did th…

Mode of spread to and within the central nervous system after oral infection of neonatal mice with the DA strain of Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus.

Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus is a neurotropic enterovirus known to cause biphasic neural disease after intracerebral inoculation into adult mice. The present study characterizes a neonatal mouse model with a high disease incidence for the study of the acute phase of the pathogenesis of the DA strain of Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus after oral infection. The route of viral spread to and within the central nervous system (CNS) was determined by examining the kinetics of viral replication in various organs and by performing histopathological analysis. Viral antigen was dete…

Temporal variations in the susceptibility of a semi-isolated population of Culex tarsalis to peroral infection with western equine encephalomyelitis and St. Louis encephalitis viruses.

A semi-isolated population of Culex tarsalis in Kern County, CA was found to vary significantly in its seasonal and yearly susceptibility to peroral infection with western equine encephalomyelitis (WEE) and St. Louis encephalitis (SLE) viruses during the breeding seasons of 1975-1981. Female cohorts of the population were significantly more resistant to WEE virus from 1975 through 1977 than from 1978 through 1981. On the average, females were 40 times more susceptible to WEE virus during May than during August. Increases in resistance correlated significantly with the number of days accrued fr…

Experimental allergic encephalomyelitis induced by basic protein with synthetic adjuvant in comparison with Freund's complete adjuvant. Role of antibodies in correlation with the clinicopathological features.

Experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE) was induced in guinea pigs with bovine myelin basic protein (BP) with adjuvant of either synthetic muramyl dipeptide (Mdp) or Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Tbc). The following results were obtained: (1) The body temperature of the animals was studied serially after sensitization and its elevation was shown to be an early sign of EAE. (2) Several animals developed the clinical and histological signs of hyperacute EAE. (3) An optimal combined dosage of BP and adjuvant was found for induction of clinical EAE and for the the production of complement fixi…

Facial pruritus and stiffness as the initial manifestations of glycine receptor antibody-positive progressive encephalomyelitis with rigidity and myoclonus: a case report and literature review.

Progressive encephalomyelitis with rigidity and myoclonus (PERM) is a rare and severe phenotype within stiff-person spectrum disorders (SPSD), frequently associated with glycine receptor antibodies (GlyR-Ab). Because typical rigidity and stimulus-sensitive spasms may be absent at disease onset, early diagnosis can be challenging. We report a 52-year-old man who presented with facial pruritus, facial stiffness, limited tongue protrusion, dysphagia, and left lower-limb pain. Early manifestations included diplopia, restricted extraocular movements, dysarthria, restricted mouth opening, involuntar…

Assessment and Incidence Determination of Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Following a SARS-CoV-2 Infection in a Prospective Cohort of Hospital Employees.

Background and Objectives: Post-COVID-19 syndrome (PCS), characterized by persistent fatigue, can develop after a SARS-CoV-2 infection. Myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) is a chronic, post-infectious condition marked by severe fatigue and post-exertional malaise. This study aimed to determine the incidence and characteristics of PCS and ME/CFS in a cohort of hospital employees (HEs) with SARS-CoV-2 infections. Materials and Methods: All HEs who tested SARS-CoV-2-positive between March 2020 and May 2021 who later reported persistent fatigue were invited for an assessme…

Повышение эффективности мезенхимальных стволовых клеток, полученных с помощью kloto, в деле дифференциации и созревания олигодендроцитов в модели мыши экспериментального аутоиммунного энцефаломиелита.

Текущая терапия множественных склерозов (MS) оказывает иммуномодулятивное воздействие, но не устраняет непосредственно повреждения центральной нервной системы (СНС). Мезенхимальные стволовые клетки (МСЦ) стали перспективной терапевтической стратегией для MS, поскольку, как было показано, они способствуют ремонту миелина. Согласно сообщениям, генетические модификации КБМ повышают их терапевтическую эффективность в случае нейродегенеративных заболеваний. Цель этого исследования заключалась в изучении терапевтического потенциала MSC, разработанных с помощью секретного клото (s-KL) для усиления ре

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
Current therapies for multiple sclerosis (MS) exert immunomodulatory effects but do not directly repair central nervous system (CNS) damage. … d klotho (s-KL) in enhancing remyelination by mature oligodendrocytes in an experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) model in mice. The results showed that MSCs carrying s-KL alleviated clinical signs and reduced inflammation and demyelination in the CNS more significantly than MSCs. Compared to MSCs, s-KL MSCs also exhibited an enhanced capacity for differe …

Understanding symptom clusters, diagnosis and healthcare experiences in myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome and long COVID: a cross-sectional survey in the UK.

OBJECTIVES: This study aims to provide an in-depth analysis of the symptoms, coexisting conditions and service utilisation among people with myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) and long COVID. The major research questions include the clustering of symptoms, the relationship between key factors and diagnosis time, and the perceived impact of National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) guidelines on patient care. DESIGN: Cross-sectional survey using secondary data analysis. SETTING: Community-based primary care level across the UK, incorporating online surv…

Understanding, diagnosing, and treating Myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome - State of the art: Report of the 2nd international meeting at the Charité Fatigue Center.

Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (ME/CFS) is a devastating disease affecting millions of people worldwide. Due to the 2019 pandemic of coronavirus disease (COVID-19), we are facing a significant increase of ME/CFS prevalence. On May 11th to 12th, 2023, the second international ME/CFS conference of the Charité Fatigue Center was held in Berlin, Germany, focusing on pathomechanisms, diagnosis, and treatment. During the two-day conference, more than 100 researchers from various research fields met on-site and over 700 attendees participated online to discuss the state of the art…

Ingested (Oral) Adrenocorticotropic Hormone Inhibits IL-17 in the Central Nervous System in the Mouse Model of Multiple Sclerosis and Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis.

Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) is an inflammatory autoimmune disease of the CNS that resembles multiple sclerosis and provides a useful animal model for the evaluation of mechanisms of action for potential immunomodulatory therapies. We have previously shown that oral adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) decreased IL-17 in the gut lamina propria and the spleen and increased CD4+ Foxp3+ T regulatory cells and IL-10 in the spleen during EAE in the C57BL/6 mouse. However, we did not investigate the specific cellular alterations of proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory factors in th…

A case of EBV encephalomyelitis with positive anti-GFAP-IgG antibody with recurrent fever and dysuresia as the main symptoms: Case report and retrospective analysis.

RATIONALE: Due to neuronal destruction caused by Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection, exposure to neuronal surface antigens may lead to an imbalance in immune tolerance, which in turn triggers an autoimmune response. In addition, due to the involvement of nonspecific B-cell activation or molecular mimicry, EBV and Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein (GFAP) receptors may have common epitopes. Viral infection triggers activation of B-cell and cross-reaction with viral antibodies, resulting in autoimmune encephalomyelitis. The clinical presentation may be complex or even atypical. A small number of pa…

Long-term neuromuscular consequences of SARS-Cov-2 and their similarities with myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome: results of the retrospective CoLGEM study.

BACKGROUND: Patients with long-COVID often complain of continuous fatigue, myalgia, sleep problems, cognitive dysfunction, and post-exertional malaise. No data are available on EMG recording of evoked myopotentials (M-waves) or exercise-induced alterations in long-COVID patients, providing evidence of muscle membrane fatigue. Myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) develops in more than half of patients after an infectious disease, particularly viral diseases. A large proportion (around 70%) of these patients have neuromuscular disorders with M-wave alterations during and a…

Exploratory study into the relationship between the symptoms of chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS)/myalgic encephalomyelitis (ME) and fibromyalgia (FM) using a quasiexperimental design.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the relationship between symptoms of chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS)/myalgic encephalomyelitis (ME) and fibromyalgia (FM). The hypothesis predicated that there would be no significant differences between the group's symptom experience. DESIGN: A quasiexperimental design. Structural equation modelling (SEM) and invariance testing. PARTICIPANTS: Males (M) and females (F) >16 with a confirmed diagnosis of CFS/ME or FM by a general practitioner or specialist. CFS/ME (n=101, F: n=86, M: n=15, mean (M) age M=45.5 years). FM (n=107, F: n=95, M: n=12, M=47.2 years). OUTCOME MEA…