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Sending the Signal to Bone: How Tumor-Derived EVs Orchestrate Pre-Metastatic Niche Formation and Skeletal Colonization.

Bone is a preferred site for disseminated tumor cells, yet the molecular mechanisms that prepare the skeletal microenvironment for metastatic colonization are only beginning to be understood. At the heart of this process are extracellular vesicles (EVs), nano-sized, lipid-encapsulated particles secreted by cancer cells and stromal components. This review consolidates current findings that position EVs as key architects of the bone-metastatic niche. We detail the biogenesis of EVs and their organotropic distribution, focusing on how integrin patterns and bone-specific ligands guide vesicle homi

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… Another major contributor that has been identified within TDEVs of many cancers, including breast cancer and fibrosarcoma, is annexin A2 [ 124 ]. This calcium-dependent, phospholipid-binding protein has been implicated in promoting angiogenesis. …

Insights into the role of RNA m6A modification in the metabolic process and related diseases.

According to the latest consensus, many traditional diseases are considered metabolic diseases, such as cancer, type 2 diabetes, obesity, and cardiovascular disease. Currently, metabolic diseases are increasingly prevalent because of the ever-improving living standards and have become the leading threat to human health. Multiple therapy methods have been applied to treat these diseases, which improves the quality of life of many patients, but the overall effect is still unsatisfactory. Therefore, intensive research on the metabolic process and the pathogenesis of metabolic diseases is imperati

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… Their investigation demonstrated that METTL3/14 increase the mRNA stability of musculoaponeurotic fibrosarcoma oncogene family A (MafA) to regulate maturation and mass expansion but differentiation of neonatal β-cells. 88 Regué et al found that IGF2BP2 directly binds to m 6 A-modified PDX1 mRNA to increase …

Drug Repurposing for Cancer Treatment: A Comprehensive Review.

Cancer ranks among the primary contributors to global mortality. In 2022, the global incidence of new cancer cases reached about 20 million, while the number of cancer-related fatalities reached 9.7 million. In Saudi Arabia, there were 13,399 deaths caused by cancer and 28,113 newly diagnosed cases of cancer. Drug repurposing is a drug discovery strategy that has gained special attention and implementation to enhance the process of drug development due to its time- and money-saving effect. It involves repositioning existing medications to new clinical applications. Cancer treatment is a therap

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… In the MMTV-PyMT and LPB fibrosarcoma breast cancer mouse models, nitroxoline significantly inhibited tumor development, angiogenesis, and metastasis in vivo. The cathepsin B is inhibited by NTX, which is elevated in BC patients. …

Blockage of Autophagy for Cancer Therapy: A Comprehensive Review.

The incidence and mortality of cancer are increasing, making it a leading cause of death worldwide. Conventional treatments such as surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy face significant limitations due to therapeutic resistance. Autophagy, a cellular self-degradation mechanism, plays a crucial role in cancer development, drug resistance, and treatment. This review investigates the potential of autophagy inhibition as a therapeutic strategy for cancer. A systematic search was conducted on Embase, PubMed, and Google Scholar databases from 1967 to 2024 to identify studies on autophagy inhibito

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… Ulixertinib is being administered with HCQ to patients with advanced gastrointestinal malignancy mutations in ERK or MAPK kinase, or who are harboring rat sarcoma virus, a member of the rapidly accelerated fibrosarcoma (non-V600 BRAF). …

Withania somnifera: Progress towards a Pharmaceutical Agent for Immunomodulation and Cancer Therapeutics.

Chemotherapy is one of the prime treatment options for cancer. However, the key issues with traditional chemotherapy are recurrence of cancer, development of resistance to chemotherapeutic agents, affordability, late-stage detection, serious health consequences, and inaccessibility. Hence, there is an urgent need to find innovative and cost-effective therapies that can target multiple gene products with minimal adverse reactions. Natural phytochemicals originating from plants constitute a significant proportion of the possible therapeutic agents. In this article, we reviewed the advances and t

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… radiation-induced apoptosis by ROS generation, inhibits the expression of Bcl-2 and dephosphorylation of Akt | [ 21 ] | | Human cancer cell lines Balb/c nude mice | Increased expression of p53 transcription factor, suppression of tumour growth and apoptosis | [ 58 ] | | Osteogenic sarcoma (U2OS) and fibrosarcoma …

Evolution of Cancer Pharmacological Treatments at the Turn of the Third Millennium.

The medical history of cancer began millennia ago. Historical findings of patients with cancer date back to ancient Egyptian and Greek civilizations, where this disease was predominantly treated with radical surgery and cautery that were often ineffective, leading to the death of patients. Over the centuries, important discoveries allowed to identify the biological and pathological features of tumors, without however contributing to the development of effective therapeutic approaches until the end of the 1800s, when the discovery of X-rays and their use for the treatment of tumors provided the

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… breakpoint cluster region; EGFR, epidermal growth factor receptor; EML4, echinoderm microtubule-associated protein-like 4; ERK, extracellular signal–regulated kinases; MEK, mitogen-activated protein kinase; mTOR, mammalian target of rapamycin; PI3K, phosphoinositide 3-kinase; RAF, rapidly accelerated fibrosarcoma …

An Updated Review on Marine Anticancer Compounds: The Use of Virtual Screening for the Discovery of Small-Molecule Cancer Drugs.

Marine secondary metabolites are a promising source of unexploited drugs that have a wide structural diversity and have shown a variety of biological activities. These compounds are produced in response to the harsh and competitive conditions that occur in the marine environment. Invertebrates are considered to be among the groups with the richest biodiversity. To date, a significant number of marine natural products (MNPs) have been established as antineoplastic drugs. This review gives an overview of MNPs, both in research or clinical stages, from diverse organisms that were reported as bein

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… A marine oligopeptide isolated and purified from the gastropod abalone ( Haliotis discus hannai ) had a specific inhibitory effect on MMP-2/-9 and reduced the expression of proteins p50 and p65 in human fibrosarcoma (HT1080) cells in a dose-dependent manner [ 202 ]. …

The Anti-Cancer Effect of Polyphenols against Breast Cancer and Cancer Stem Cells: Molecular Mechanisms.

The high incidence of breast cancer in developed and developing countries, and its correlation to cancer-related deaths, has prompted concerned scientists to discover novel alternatives to deal with this challenge. In this review, we will provide a brief overview of polyphenol structures and classifications, as well as on the carcinogenic process. The biology of breast cancer cells will also be discussed. The molecular mechanisms involved in the anti-cancer activities of numerous polyphenols, against a wide range of breast cancer cells, in vitro and in vivo, will be explained in detail. The in

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… Anti-Cancer Activity of Polyphenols against Breast Cancer: Molecular Mechanisms The anti-cancer activities of polyphenols against a wide range of cancers, such as breast cancer [ 173 ], prostate cancer [ 174 ], colorectal cancer [ 175 ], pancreatic cancer, lung cancer, colorectal fibrosarcoma, and leukemia …

Nucleotide Metabolism in Health and Disease.

Nucleotide metabolism is a fundamental biochemical process, providing the building blocks for DNA and RNA synthesis while driving critical cellular functions like energy transfer, signal transduction, and coenzyme synthesis. The precise regulation of nucleotide de novo synthesis, salvage, and degradation pathways is imperative for maintaining genomic stability and tissue homeostasis. Aberrations in these networks are increasingly recognized as primary drivers in various pathologies; notably, cancer cells exploit metabolic-functional reprogramming to enable rapid proliferation and therapeutic r

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… neoplasms Castration resistant Prostate cancer Cervical cancer Colorectal cancer | III | [ 162 ] IPH5301 | IgG1 | | Breast cancer Pancreatic cancer Gastric cancer Lung cancer Ovary cancer | I | [ 163 ] TTX‐030 | IgG4 | CD39 | Pancreatic cancer Lymphoma | II | [ 164 ] IPH5201 | IgG1 | | NSCLC Melanoma Fibrosarcoma …

The Herba Patriniae (Caprifoliaceae): A review on traditional uses, phytochemistry, pharmacology and quality control.

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Herba Patriniae has been used for thousands of years in China as a traditional Chinese medicine with heat-clearing and detoxicating effects. It is applied widly for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, diarrhea, acute hepatitis, pelvic inflammatory disease and ulcerative colitis in clinic. Two species, namely Patrinia scabiosaefolia Fisch. (PS) and Patrinia villosa Juss. (PV) from the Caprifoliaceae family, are considered as Herba Patriniae in the pharmaceutical industry. AIM OF THE REVIEW: This paper aims to comprehensively outline the traditional uses, bota

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… kinase gas chromatography-mass spectrometer glucose transporter 4 glutathione hydrogen peroxide human cervical cancer cells human hepatoma cells human promyelocytic leukemia cells heme oxygenase-1 high performance liquid chromatography heat shock proteins 60 heat shock proteins 72 human fibrosarcoma …

Drug repurposing: A novel strategy to target cancer stem cells and therapeutic resistance.

Chemotherapy is an effortless and frequently used approach in cancer therapy. However, in most cases, it can only prolong life expectancy and does not guarantee a complete cure. Furthermore, chemotherapy is associated with severe adverse effects, one of the major complications of effective cancer therapy. In addition, newly published research outputs show that cancer stem cells are involved in cancer disease progression, drug resistance, metastasis, and recurrence and that they are functional in the trans-differentiation capacity of cancer stem cells to cancer cells in response to treatments.

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… prostate, and breast cancer. 253 , 254 , 255 , 256 , 257 , 258 Many in vitro studies revealed that vitamin C exhibits selective toxicity towards malignant melanoma cells, human leukemia cells, neuroblastoma cells, tumor ascites cells, as well as acute lymphoblastic leukemia, epidermoid carcinoma, and fibrosarcoma …

Application of the CRISPR/Cas9-based gene editing technique in basic research, diagnosis, and therapy of cancer.

The 2020 Nobel Prize in Chemistry was awarded to Emmanuelle Charpentier and Jennifer Doudna for the development of the Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/CRISPR-associated nuclease9 (CRISPR/Cas9) gene editing technology that provided new tools for precise gene editing. It is possible to target any genomic locus virtually using only a complex nuclease protein with short RNA as a site-specific endonuclease. Since cancer is caused by genomic changes in tumor cells, CRISPR/Cas9 can be used in the field of cancer research to edit genomes for exploration of the mechanisms of t

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… For example, enChIP was used for biochemical analysis of epigenetic regulation and transcription at specific genomic loci in living cell lines including HT1080 (a human fibrosarcoma cell line) and K562 (a human leukemia cell line) [ 119 ]. …

34th Европейский конгресс патологии - резюме.

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Genomic innovations in cancer prevention, diagnosis, prognosis and precision therapeutics.

Cancer research has undergone a transformative change with the advent of high-throughput genomic technologies. Advances in next-generation sequencing accelerated the identification of somatic and germline alterations that drive tumorigenesis enabling the transition from traditional histology-based cancer classification to molecularly informed precision oncology. Large-scale sequencing initiatives and clinical genomic profiling facilitated the development of companion diagnostic assays and targeted therapies. Beyond targeted therapies, genomic innovations have also catalyzed the emergence of no

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… Early discoveries of recurrent, actionable driver alterations such as activating epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) kinase mutations in non-small-cell lung cancer that predict sensitivity to EGFR tyrosine-kinase inhibitors ( Lynch et al., 2004 ), B-type rapidly accelerated fibrosarcoma (BRAF) V600E …

DNA methyltransferase inhibitors in hematological malignancies and solid tumors.

Epigenetic modifications such as DNA methylation play a fundamental role in oncogenesis and the progression of neoplasms neoplasias. DNA methyltransferase inhibitors (DNMTi) constitute a family of therapeutic agents that impede the methylation at the 5-position on cytosine nucleotides, thereby modulating the epigenetic regulation of tumor suppressor genes, oncogenes, and other key regulatory genes. The first-generation DNMTi azacitidine and decitabine have demonstrated substantial efficacy in the treatment of medically non-fit, older patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) or myelodysplasti

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… Effect of tRNA from 5‐azacytidine‐treated hamster fibrosarcoma cells on protein synthesis in vitro in a cell‐free system. Biochem Pharmacol. 1976;25(4):389‐392. 17. Peterson BA, Collins AJ, Vogelzang NJ, Bloomfield CD. 5‐azacytidine and renal tubular dysfunction. Blood. 1981;57(1):182‐185. 18. …

A Comprehensive Review on the Therapeutic Potential of Curcuma longa Linn. in Relation to its Major Active Constituent Curcumin.

Curcuma longa Linn. (C. longa), popularly known as turmeric, belongs to the Zingiberaceae family and has a long historical background of having healing properties against many diseases. In Unani and Ayurveda medicine, C. longa has been used for liver obstruction and jaundice, and has been applied externally for ulcers and inflammation. Additionally, it is employed in several other ailments such as cough, cold, dental issues, indigestion, skin infections, blood purification, asthma, piles, bronchitis, tumor, wounds, and hepatic disorders, and is used as an antiseptic. Curcumin, a major constitu

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… IGF-1R, Insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor; TGF-β1, Transforming growth factor beta 1; WNT, Wingless/integrated; LRP 5/6, Low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 5/6; Smad, small mothers against decapentaplegic; Ras, Rat sarcoma virus; Raf, Rapidly Accelerated Fibrosarcoma; MEK 1/2, Mitogen-activated …

Molecular targeted therapy for anticancer treatment.

Since the initial clinical approval in the late 1990s and remarkable anticancer effects for certain types of cancer, molecular targeted therapy utilizing small molecule agents or therapeutic monoclonal antibodies acting as signal transduction inhibitors has served as a fundamental backbone in precision medicine for cancer treatment. These approaches are now used clinically as first-line therapy for various types of human cancers. Compared to conventional chemotherapy, targeted therapeutic agents have efficient anticancer effects with fewer side effects. However, the emergence of drug resistanc

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… NTRK gene fusion caused by chromosomal rearrangements of NTRK genes with various fusion partners drives ligand-independent, constitutive activation of TRKs, which has been found in a wide range of cancer types, including mammary analog secretory carcinoma, secretory breast carcinoma, and infantile fibrosarcoma …

A Holistic Review of Oncological Drug Targets and Trajectories of Resistance in Cancer Therapy.

The prolonged and intricate history of oncological treatments has transitioned significantly since the introduction of chemotherapy. Substantial therapeutic benefits in cancer therapy have been achieved by the integration of conventional treatments with molecular biosciences and omics technologies. Human epidermal growth factor receptor, hormone receptors, and angiogenesis factors are among the established therapies in tumor reduction and managing side effects. Novel targeted therapies like KRAS G12C, Claudin-18 isoform 2 (CLDN18.2), Trophoblast cell-surface antigen 2 (TROP2), and epigenetic r

CHAC1: a master regulator of oxidative stress and ferroptosis in human diseases and cancers.

CHAC1, an essential regulator of oxidative stress and ferroptosis, is increasingly recognized for its significant roles in these cellular processes and its impact on various human diseases and cancers. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of CHAC1's molecular functions, regulatory mechanisms, and effects in different pathological contexts. Specifically, the study objectives are to elucidate the biochemical pathways involving CHAC1, explore its regulatory network, and discuss its implications in disease progression and potential therapeutic strategies. As a γ-glutamyl cyclotrans

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… ferroptosis in the presence of CHAC1 expression - CHAC1, alongside Ptgs2, was crucial in mediating ferroptosis-related therapeutic effects of resveratrol in both in vitro and in vivo EMS models | Zou et al. (2024) Cachexia Cancer Cachexia | Pan02 (Pancreatic Cancer), C26, TOV21G (Ovarian Cancer), HT-1080 (Fibrosarcoma …

FDA-Approved Small Molecule Compounds as Drugs for Solid Cancers from Early 2011 to the End of 2021.

Solid cancers are the most common types of cancers diagnosed globally and comprise a large number of deaths each year. The main challenge currently in drug development for tumors raised from solid organs is to find more selective compounds, which exploit specific molecular targets. In this work, the small molecule drugs registered by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for solid cancers treatment between 2011 and 2022 were identified and analyzed by investigating a type of therapy they are used for, as well as their structures and mechanisms of action. On average, 4 new small molecule agent

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… All patients undergoing the larotrectinib treatment were characterized by advanced solid tumors, including salivary gland tumors, infantile fibrosarcoma, thyroid cancer, NSCLC and other cancers. …