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Protective efficacy of a lipid antigen vaccine in a guinea pig model of tuberculosis.

The bacillus Calmette Guérin (BCG) vaccine, the only licensed vaccine against TB, displays partial and variable efficacy, thus making the ex … e investigated whether immunization with defined mycobacterial lipid antigens induces protection in guinea pigs challenged with M. tuberculosis. Two purified mycobacterial lipid antigens, the diacylated sulfoglycolipids (Ac2SGL) and the phosphatidyl-myo-inositol dimannosides (PIM2) were formulated in biophysically characterized liposomes made of dimethyl …

Guinea worm infection in northern Nigeria: reflections on a disease approaching eradication.

Global eradication of the guinea worm (Dracunculus medinensis) is near, although perhaps delayed a little by the discovery of a transmission cycle in dogs. It is therefore an appropriate time to reflect on the severe impact of this infection on the life of the communities where it was endemic prior to the start of the global eradication programme in 1981. From 1971 to 1974, we conducted a series of unpublished studies on guinea worm in a group of villages in Katsina State, northern Nigeria, where the infection was highly endemic. These studies demonstrated the high rate of infection in affecte…

Проведение широкого обследования с использованием экспресс-диагностики Эболы в Форекарии, Гвинея.

СПРАВОЧНАЯ ИНФОРМАЦИЯ: Укрепленное лабораторией наблюдение имеет исключительно важное значение для быстрого выявления возможного возобновления заболевания вирусом Эбола. Быстрые диагностические тесты на антигены Эболы могут расширить диагностические возможности для лечения вирусных заболеваний Эболы. ЦЕЛИ: Гвинейская национальная координация мер по борьбе с Эболой провела экспериментальное осуществление в целях определения целесообразности проведения широкого обследования пациентов и трупов с помощью RDT < < Оракуик > > . С 15 октября по 30 ноября 2015 года группа по осуществлению

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
BACKGROUND: Laboratory-enhanced surveillance is critical for rapidly detecting the potential re-emergence of Ebola virus disease. Rapid diagnostic tests (RDT) for Ebola antigens could expand diagnostic capacity for Ebola virus disease. OBJECTIVES: The Guinean National Coordination for Ebola Response conducted a pilot implementation to determine the feasibil…

The effect of Nigella sativa oil on prevention of myringosclerosis in a Guinea pig model.

OBJECTIVES: In this study, our aim was to identify the possible effects of Nigella sativa L. (NS) [blackcumin] seed oil on the prevention of experimentally induced myringosclerosis (MS). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fourteen Guinea pigs were used and they were divided into three groups. Tympanic membranes (TM) of all animals were perforated and then group I was treated with saline soaked gel foams as a control group, group II was treated with 0.5 ml NS oil soaked gel foams at 0, 24 and 48 h and group III was treated with 5 ml NS oil orally at 0, 24, 48, 72 and 120 h. After 15 days, all animals were…

The Role of Interstitial Cells of Cajal in Acute Cholecystitis in Guinea Pig Gallbladder.

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Acute cholecystitis is common in gallbladder motility disorder. Interstitial cells of Cajal (ICCs) in the gallbladder are involved in the regulation of gallbladder motility. The aim of this study was to explore the change of gallbladder ICCs in acute cholecystitis. METHODS: Thirty adult guinea pigs were randomly divided into 3 groups: a sham-operated group (healthy controls) and 2 study groups. The animals in the study group were subjected to bile duct ligation and then to laparotomy and cholecystectomy at 24 and 48 hours after surgery. Immunohistochemistry, immunohistofluore…

Changes in lung sounds during asthma progression in a guinea pig model.

BACKGROUND: Lung sound analysis is useful for objectively evaluating airways even in children with asymptomatic asthma. However, the relationship between lung sounds and morphological changes in the airways has not been elucidated. We examined the relationship between lung sounds and chronic morphological changes in the airways during the progression of asthma from onset in guinea pigs. METHODS: Eleven male guinea pigs were examined; of these, seven were used as asthma models and four as controls. The asthma models were sensitized and repeatedly challenged by inhaling albumin chicken egg. We …

Factors associated with the failure of obstetric fistula repair in Guinea: implications for practice.

BACKGROUND: The prevention and treatment of obstetric fistula still remains a concern and a challenge in low income countries. The objective of this study was to estimate the overall proportions of failure of fistula closure and incontinence among women undergoing repair for obstetric fistula in Guinea and identify its associated factors. METHODS: This was a retrospective cohort study using data extracted from medical records of fistula repairs between 1 January 2012 and 30 September 2013. The outcome was the failure of fistula closure and incontinence at hospital discharge evaluated by a dye…

[Epidemic meningitis in 2013 in Republic of Guinea: Nesseria meningitidis W135 emergence].

A prospective study conducted from 1 January to 31 December 2013 described a meningitis epidemic in Republic of Guinea. The identification of the germs was based on Gram stain, latex agglutination and culture. During the study period, 480 suspected cases of meningitis were reported by 21 health districts. The average age was 18±8 years and 62.5% were men. The vaccination status was unknown in all patients. The largest attack rates were found in Siguiri (3.2 per 10,000), Kankan (2.6 per 10,000) and Dabola (3.9 per 10,000). The locality of Kintinian in Siguiri was the only one to cross the epide…

Development of BCG Scar and Subsequent Morbidity and Mortality in Rural Guinea-Bissau.

BACKGROUND: Previous studies have found that BCG vaccination has nonspecific beneficial effects on child survival, especially among children who developed a BCG scar. These studies have mostly been done in settings with a high scar frequency. In rural Guinea-Bissau, many children do not develop a scar; we tested the hypothesis that among BCG-vaccinated children, a vaccination scar was associated with lower mortality and fewer hospital admissions. METHODS: During 2009-2011, children <5 years of age in villages followed by Bandim Health Project's demographic surveillance system had their scar s…

Modeling the Disease Course of Zaire ebolavirus Infection in the Outbred Guinea Pig.

BACKGROUND: Rodent models that accurately reflect human filovirus infection are needed as early screens for medical countermeasures. Prior work in rodents with the Zaire species of Ebola virus (ZEBOV) primarily used inbred mice and guinea pigs to model disease. However, these inbred species do not show some of the important features of primate ZEBOV infection, most notably, coagulation abnormalities. METHODS: Thirty-six outbred guinea pigs were infected with guinea pig-adapted ZEBOV and examined sequentially over an 8-day period to investigate the pathologic events that lead to death. RESULT…

Extraction of an incisor embedded within the nasal cavity in two guinea pigs.

Oral examination of two guinea pigs revealed that the unilateral incisor was absent. On radiographic examination, the incisor was identified within the nasal cavity in both patients. Under anesthesia in both patients, the skin was incised from the nostril to 1.5 cm proximal, and the premaxilla and part of the maxilla were exposed. The bone was removed using a surgical drill, and the incisor was exposed in the nasal cavity. The root was grasped with forceps and carefully extracted as it was degraded and very fragile. Diagnosis was easy using oral and radiographic examination. In guinea pig pati…

[Effect of sildenafil on morphology to noise-induced hearing loss in guinea pigs].

OBJECTIVE: To study the effects of sildenafil on morphology to noise-induced hearing loss in guinea pigs. METHOD: Guinea pigs were randomly divided into control group, noise exposure group and the sildenafil treatment group, 12 in each group. a week after white noise exposure of 110 dB, sildenafil (10 mg/kg x d) and NS (4 ml/kg x d) were injected into guinea pigs of the sildenafil treatment group and noise exposure group respectively for four continuous weeks. ABR thresholds were measured respectively prior to the experiment, 1 week post-noise, 1, 2 and 4 weeks post-drugs, the changes of coch…

A case of well-differentiated palpebral liposarcoma in a Guinea pig (Cavia porcellus).

Liposarcomas are rare malignant tumors of the adipose tissue which are well described in humans and animals. Wide margin excision is the recommended treatment for these infiltrative, slow to metastasize tumors. Primary liposarcoma with ocular localization is a very rare tumor in humans, dogs and cats. This report describes, for the first time, a palpebral liposarcoma in a 18-month old guinea pig that presented with a large palpebral mass and purulent discharge in the right eye. The ophthalmic evaluation revealed a one-centimeter infiltrating subcutaneous mass within the upper eyelid, a severe …

[Atresa ani and rectocutaneous fistula in an adult guinea pig (Cavia porcellus)].

A 4-year-old, male guinea pig in a good general condition was presented for a routine castration. Since its birth, the animal had been kept outdoors with a male sibling. At the initial examination the perineal sac was smaller compared to other intact male guinea pigs. At the caudal end of the perineal sac a small dimple was noted, that ended blindly after 3mm. The following examination under anaesthesia revealed a fistula opening 1cm caudodorsally to the anus. The skin around the opening was bulging but without any signs of inflammation. Slightly protruding and reddened mucosa was visible insi…

Experimental intoxication of guinea pigs with Ipomoea carnea: behavioural and neuropathological alterations.

Ipomoea carnea is a toxic plant that affects goats, with symptoms being characterised by nervous disorders and death. Swainsonine and calystegines are the principal toxic components isolated from I. carnea, which also yields lysergic acid derivatives. The aim of this study was to improve the clinical characterisation of experimental intoxication by I. carnea in guinea pigs through the evaluation of behavioural changes and to perform a thorough histopathological analysis of the affected CNS. Leaves of I. carnea were administered to guinea pigs. Open-field gait analysis and monoamine levels were…

Phytochemical evaluation of Lythrum salicaria extracts and their effects on guinea-pig ileum.

n-Hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate and 50% ethanol in water extracts prepared from the air-dried flowering parts of Lythrum salicaria L. were tested for in vitro pharmacological properties on Guinea-pig ileum, which is suitable for detecting a whole range of neuronal and smooth muscle effects. UHPLC-MS was used to evaluate polyphenol components of the extracts. In the ileum, the most prominent response (46.4% related to 0.5 microM histamine) of the extracts causing smooth muscle contractions were triggered by the 50% ethanol in water extract in a concentration-dependent manner. Atropine, indo…

Femoral fracture repair and sciatic and femoral nerve blocks in a guinea pig.

A four-month-old, entire male guinea pig was presented for surgical repair of a closed oblique femoral fracture. Analgesia was provided with 30 µg/kg buprenorphine intramuscularly (im) four times a day and 0 · 3 mg/kg meloxicam subcutaneously once a day. The following day, anaesthesia was induced and maintained with 100 µg/kg medetomidine im, 20 mg/kg ketamine im, 30 µg/kg buprenorphine im and isoflurane in oxygen. Femoral and sciatic nerve blocks were performed with bupivacaine. The fracture was reduced and aligned using an intramedullary 1 · 4 mm K-wire and a 3 metric polydioxanone cerclage.…

Therapeutic potential of curcumin in experimentally induced allergic rhinitis in guinea pigs.

In the present experiments, the possible role of curcumin in ovalbumin induced allergic rhinitis in guinea pig model was investigated. Various allergic rhinitis symptoms viz sneezing, rubbing frequencies, lacrimation and nasal congestion at various humidity conditions as well as on repeated sensitization were studied. The biochemical changes like serum IgE, IL-4 and nitric oxide (NO) in nasal lavage and eosinophil peroxidase activity in nasal homogenates were determined in allergic rhinitis. Curcumin treatment significantly reduced the symptoms (sneezing, rubbing frequencies, lacrimation and n…

Changes in neuroactive steroid concentrations after preterm delivery in the Guinea pig.

BACKGROUND: Preterm birth is a major cause of neurodevelopmental disorders. Allopregnanolone, a key metabolite of progesterone, has neuroprotective and developmental effects in the brain. The objectives of this study were to measure the neuroactive steroid concentrations following preterm delivery in a neonatal guinea pig model and assess the potential for postnatal progesterone replacement therapy to affect neuroactive steroid brain and plasma concentrations in preterm neonates. METHODS: Preterm (62-63 days) and term (69 days) guinea pig pups were delivered by cesarean section and tissue was…

Towards global Guinea worm eradication in 2015: the experience of South Sudan.

For centuries, the Guinea worm parasite (Dracunculus medinensis) has caused disabling misery, infecting people who drink stagnant water contaminated with the worm's larvae. In 2012, there were 542 cases of Guinea worm reported globally, of which 521 (96.1%) were reported in South Sudan. Protracted civil wars, an inadequate workforce, neglect of potable water provision programs, suboptimal Guinea worm surveillance and case containment, and fragmented health systems account for many of the structural and operational factors encumbering South Sudan's Guinea worm eradication efforts. This article …